Type 2 diabetes care: The role of insulin-sensitizing agents and practical implications for cardiovascular disease prevention

American Journal of Medicine

Volumn 105, Issue 1 A, 1998, Pages

  Henry, Robert R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACARBOSE; GLIMEPIRIDE; GLIPIZIDE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MEGLITINIDE; METFORMIN; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; PIOGLITAZONE; REPAGLINIDE; TOLBUTAMIDE; TROGLITAZONE;

CONFERENCE PAPER; CORONARY RISK; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHY; GENETIC RISK; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; LIPID METABOLISM; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; RISK MANAGEMENT;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; INSULIN RESISTANCE;

EID: 0032490710     PISSN: 00029343     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00071-0     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (47)

1. Kenny SJ, Aubert RE, Geiss LS. Prevalence and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In: Harris MI, ed. Diabetes in America. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health; 1995:47-67. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH publication 95-1468.
2. Harris M.I. Impaired glucose tolerance in the U.S. population. Diabetes Care. 12:1989;464-474.
3. Godsland I.F., Stevenson J.C. Insulin resistance syndrome or tendency? Lancet. 346:1995;100-103.
4. Haffner S.M. The insulin resistance syndrome revisited. Diabetes Care. 19:1996;275-277.
5. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 329:1993;977-986.
6. Reichard P., Nilsson B.Y., Rosenqvist U. The effect of long-term intensified insulin treatment on the development of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 329:1993;304-309.
7. Ohkubo Y., Kishikawa H., Araki E., et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus a randomized prospective 6-year study . Diab Res Clin Pract. 28:1995;103-117.
8. Kuusisto J., Mykkänen L., Pyörälä K., Laakso M. NIDDM and its metabolic control predict coronary heart disease in elderly subjects. Diabetes. 43:1994;960-967.
9. Uusitupa M.I.J., Niskanen L.K., Siitonen O., et al. Ten-year cardiovascular mortality in relation to risk factors and abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Diabetologia. 36:1993;1175-1184.
10. Klein R. Hyperglycemia and microvascular and macrovascular disease in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 18:1995;258-268.
11. Knatterud G.L., Klimt C.R., Goldner M.G., et al. Effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes: VIII. Evaluation of insulin therapy: final report. Diabetes. 31:(suppl 5):1982;1-81.
12. Overview of 6 years' therapy of type II diabetes a progressive disease . Diabetes. 44:1995;1249-1258.
13. Eastman R.C., Cowie C.C., Harris M.I. Undiagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular risk. (Editorial) Diabetes Care. 20:1997;127-128.
14. Kruszynska Y.T., Olefsky J.M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Investig Med. 44:1996;413-428.
15. Stewart M.W., Trajano L.R., Humphriss D.B., et al. Features of syndrome X in first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care. 18:1995;1020-1022.
16. Reaven G.M., Bernstein R., Davis B., Olefsky J.M. Nonketotic diabetes mellitus insulin deficiency or insulin resistance? Am J Med. 60:1976;80-88.
17. Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor E. Heart disease and diabetes. In: Harris MI, ed. Diabetes in America. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health; 1995: 429-448. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIH publication 95-1468.
18. Reaven G.M. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 37:1988;1595-1607.
19. Reaven G.M. Syndrome X 6 years later . J Intern Med. 236:(suppl 736):1994;13-22.
20. Stout R.W. Insulin and atheroma 20-yr perspective . Diabetes Care. 13:1990;631-654.
21. McKeigue P., Davey G. Associations between insulin levels and cardiovascular disease are confounded by comorbidity. Diabetes Care. 18:1995;1294-1298.
22. Mykkänen L., Haffner S.M., Ronnemaa T., et al. Low insulin sensitivity is associated with clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. 146:1997;315-321.
23. Henry R.R., Gumbiner B., Ditzler T., et al. Intensive conventional insulin therapy of Type II diabetes metabolic benefits during a 6-month outpatient trial . Diabetes Care. 16:1993;21-31.
24. Inzucchi S.E., Maggs D.G., Spollett G.R., et al. Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 338:1998;867-872.
25. Bailey C.J., Turner R.C. Metformin. N Engl J Med. 334:1996;574-579.
26. Henry R.R. Thiazolidinediones. Endocrinol Met Clin North Am. 26:1997;553-573.
27. Lenhard J.M., Kliewer S.A., Paulik M.A., et al. Effects of troglitazone and metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol. 54:1997;801-808.
28. Suter S.L., Nolan J.J., Wallace P., et al. Metabolic effects of new oral hypoglycemic agent CS-045 in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care. 15:1992;193-203.
29. Tack C.J.J., Demacker P.N.M., Smits P., Stalenhoef A.F.H. Troglitazone decreases the proportion of small, dense LDL and increases the resistance of LDL to oxidation in obese subjects. Diabetes Care. 21:1998;796-799.
30. Gardner C.D., Fortmann S.P., Krauss R.M. Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women. JAMA. 276:1996;875-881.
31. Tribble D.L. Lipoprotein oxidation in dyslipidemia insights into general mechanisms affecting lipoprotein oxidative behavior . Curr Opin Lipidol. 6:1995;196-208.
32. Cominacini L., Garbin U., Pastorino A.M., et al. Effects of troglitazone on in vitro oxidation of LDL and HDL induced by copper ions and endothelial cells. Diabetologia. 40:1997;165-172.
33. Inoue I., Katayama S., Takahashi K., et al. Troglitazone has a scavenging effect on reactive oxygen species. Biochem Biophys Res Comm. 235:1997;113-116.
34. Noguchi N., Sakai H., Kato Y., et al. Inhibition of oxidation of low density lipoprotein by troglitazone. Atherosclerosis. 123:1996;227-234.
35. Ogihara T., Rakugi H., Ikegami H., et al. Enhancement of insulin sensitivity by troglitazone lowers blood pressure in diabetic hypertensives. Am J Hypertens. 8:1995;316-320.
36. Ghazzi M.N., Perez J.E., Antonucci T.K., et al. Cardiac and glycemic benefits of troglitazone treatment in NIDDM. Diabetes. 46:1997;433-439.
37. Fonseca V.A., Reynolds T., Hemphill D., et al. Effect of troglitazone on fibrinolysis and activated coagulation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Diab Compl. 12:1998;181-186.
38. DeFronzo R.A., Barzilai N., Simonson D.C. Mechanism of metformin action in obese and lean noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 73:1991;1294-1301.
39. DeFronzo R.A., Goodman A.M. Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus the Multicenter Metformin Study Group . N Engl J Med. 333:1995;541-549.
40. Reaven G.M., Johnston P., Hollenbeck C.B., et al. Combined metformin-sulfonylurea treatment of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes in fair to poor glycemic control. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 74:1992;1020-1026.
41. Nagi D.K., Yudkin J.S. Effects of metformin on insulin resistance, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and plasminogen activator inhibitor in NIDDM subjects a study of two ethnic groups . Diabetes Care. 16:1993;621-629.
42. Nolan J.J., Ludvik B., Beerdsen P., et al. Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. N Engl J Med. 331:1994;1188-1193.
43. Antonucci T., McLain R., Whitcomb R., Lockwood D. Impaired glucose tolerance is normalized by treatment with the thiazolidinedione troglitazone. Diabetes Care. 20:1997;188-193.
44. Widen E.I., Eriksson J.G., Groop L.C. Metformin normalized nonoxidative glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM. Diabetes. 41:1992;354-358.
45. Carlsen S.M., Rossvoll O., Bjerve K.S., et al. Metformin improves blood lipid pattern in nondiabetic patients with coronary heart disease. J Intern Med. 239:1996;227-233.
46. Landin K., Tengborn L., Smith U. Treating insulin resistance in hypertension with metformin reduces both blood pressure and metabolic risk factors. J Intern Med. 229:1991;181-187.
47. Snorgaard O., Kober L., Carlsen J. The effect of metformin on blood pressure and metabolism in nondiabetic hypertensive patients. J Intern Med. 242:1997;407-412.