Association of small low-density lipoprotein particles with the incidence of coronary artery disease in men and women

JAMA

Volumn 276, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 875-881

  Gardner, Christopher D ^a   Fortmann, Stephen P ^a   Krauss, Ronald M ^b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY RISK; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LIPID ANALYSIS; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0029740950     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.276.11.875     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Griffin BA, Freeman DJ, Tait GW, et al. Role of plasma triglyceride in the regulation of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions: relative contribution of small, dense LDL to coronary heart disease risk. Atherosclerosis. 1994;106:241-253.
2. Campos H, Blijlevens E. McNamara JR, et al. LDL particle size distribution: results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12:1410-1419.
3. Tornvall P, Karpe F, Carlson LA, Hamsten A. Relationships of low density lipoprotein subtractions to angiographically defined coronary artery disease in young survivors of myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 1991;90:67-80.
4. Swinkles DW, Demacker PNM, Hendricks JCM, van't Laar A. Low density lipoprotein subfractions and relationship of other risk factors for coronary artery disease in healthy individuals. Arteriosclerosis. 1989;9:604-613.
5. Nigon F, Lesnik P, Rouis M, Chapman MJ. Discrete subspecies of human low density lipoproteine are heterogeneous in their interaction with the cellular LDL receptor. J Lipid Res. 1991;32:1741-1753.
6. Austin MA, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Willett WC, Krauss RM. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 1988;260:1917-1921.
7. McNamara JR, Campos H, Ordovas JM, Peterson J, Wilson PWF, Schaefer EJ. Effect of gender, age, and.lipid status on low density lipoprotein subfraction distribution: results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Arteriosclerosis. 1987;7:483-490.
8. Krauss RM. Relationship of intermediate and low-density lipoprotein subspecies to risk of coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 1987;113:578-582.
9. Nichois AV, Krauss RM, Musliner TA. Nondenaturíng polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. In: Segrest JP, Albers JJ, eds. Methods in Enzyrmology: Plasma Lipoproteins. New York, NY: Academic Press Inc; 1986;128:417-431.
10. Teng B, Thompson GR, Sniderman AD, Forte TM, Krauss RM, Kwiterovich PO Jr. Composition and distribution of low-density lipoprotein fractions and hyperapobetalipoproteinemia, normolipidemia, and familial hypercholesterolemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;80:6662-6666.
11. Krauss RM, Burke DJ. Identification of multiple subclasses of plasma low density lipoproteine in normal humans. J Lipid Res. 1982;23:97-104.
12. Campos H, Genest JJ Jr, Blijlevens E, et al. Low density lipoprotein particle size and coronary artery disease. Arterioscter Thomb. 1992;12:187-195.
13. Coresh J, Kwiterovich PO, Smith HH, Bacnorik PS, Association of plasma triglyceride concentration and LDL particle diameter, density and chemical composition with premature coronary artery disease in men and women. J Lipid Res. 1993;34: 1687-1697.
14. Crouse JR, Parks JS, Schey HM, Kahl FR. Studies of low density lipoprotein molecular weight in human beings with coronary artery disease. J Lipid Res. 1985;26:566-574.
15. Chait A, Brazg RL, Tribble DL, Krauss RM. Susceptibility of small, dense, low-density lipoproteine to oxidative modification in subjects with the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, pattern B. Am J Med. 1993;94:350-356.
16. Tribble DL, Holl LG, Wood PD, Krauss RM. Variations in oxidative susceptibility among six low density lipoprotein subfractions of differing density and particle size. Atherosclerosis. 1992;93:189-199.
17. Arad Y, Rumsey SC, Galeano NF, et al. LDL has optimal size for maximal binding to the LDL receptor. Circulation. 1992;86:I-551. Abstract.
18. deGraaf J, Hak-Lemmers HLM, Hectors MPC, Demacker PNM, Hendriks JCM, Stalenhoef AFH. Enhanced susceptibility to in vitro oxidation of the dense low density lipoprotein subfraction in healthy subjects. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991;11:298-306.
19. Camejo G, Hurt-Camejo E, Bondjers G. Effect of proteoglycans on lipoprotein-cell interactions: possible contribution to atherogenesis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1990;1:431-436.
20. Teng B, Sniderman AD, Soutar AK, Thompson GR. Metabolic basis of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia: turnover of apolipoprotein B in low density lipoprotein and its precursors and subfractions compared with normal and familial hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Invest. 1986;77:663-672.
21. Teng B, Sniderman AD, Krauss RM, Kwiterovich PO, Milne RW, Marcel YL. Modulation of apolipoprotein-B antigenic determinants in human low density lipoprotein subclasses. J Biol Chem. 1985; 260:5067-5072.
22. Thompson GR, Teng B, Sniderman AD. Turnover of apo B in low density lipoprotein sub-fractions. In: Parnham MJ, ed. Cologne Atherosclerosis Conference II: Lipids, Agents and Actions. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag; 1984;16:121-125.
23. Krauss RM, Stampfer MJ, Blanche PJ, Holl LG, Ma J, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of LDL particle diameter and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1994;90:I-460. Abstract
24. Slyper AH. Low-density lipoprotein density and atherosclerosis: unraveling the connection. JAMA. 1994;272:305-308.
25. Selby JV, Austin MA, Newman B, et al. LDL subclass phenotypes and the insulin resistance syndrome in women. Circulation. 1993;88:381-387.
26. Austin MA, King M-C, Vranizan KM, Krause RM. Atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype: a proposed genetic marker for coronary heart disease risk. Circulation. 1990;32:495-506.
27. Farquhar JW, Fortmann SP, Flora JA, et al. Effects of communitywide education on cardiovascular disease risk factors: The Stanford Five-City Project. JAMA 1990;64:359-365.
28. Farquhar JW, Fortmann SP, Maccoby N, et al. The Stanford Five-City Project: design and methods. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122:323-334.
29. Fortmann SF, Haskell WL, Williams PT, Varady AN, Hulley SB, Farquhar JW. Community surveillance of cardiovascular diseases in the Stanford Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123:656-669.
30. Hainline A Jr, Karon J, Lippel K, eds. Manual of Laboratory Operations: Lipid and Lipoprotein Analysis. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Lipid Research Clinics Program; 1982. US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication NIH 75-628 (revised).
31. Havel RJ, Rapaport E. Management of primary hyperlipidemía. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1491-1498.
32. Fortmann SP, Rogers T, Vranizan K, Haskell WL, Solomon DS, Farquhar JW. Indirect measures of cigarette use: expired-air carbon monoxide versus plasma thiocyanate. Prev Med. 1984;13:127-135.
33. Phillips AN, Smith GD. How independent are 'independent' effects? relative risk estimation when correlated exposures are measured imprecisely. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44:1223-1231.
34. Krause RM. Heterogeneity of plasma low-density lipoproteine and atherosclerosis risk. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1994;5:339-349.
35. Winkleby MA, Fortsnann SP, Barrett DC. Social class disparities in risk factors for disease: eight year prevalence patterns by level of education. Prev Med. 1990;19:1-12.
36. Swinkels DW, Demacker PN, Hendriks JC, Brenninkmeijer BJ, Stuyt PM. The relevance of a protein-enriched low density lipoprotein as a risk for coronary heart disease in relation to other known risk factors. Atherosclerosis. 1989;77:59-67.
37. Patsch JR, Miesenbock G, Hopferwieser T, et al. Relation of triglyceride metabolism and coronary artery disease: studies in the postprandial state. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12:1336-1346.
38. Karpe F, Steiner G, Uffelman K, Olivecrona T, Hamsten A. Postprandial lipoproteine and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1994;106:83-97.
39. Parker DJP, Rose G. Epidemiology in Medical Practice. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone Inc; 1984.
40. Kinoshita M, Krul ES, Schonfeld G. Modification of the core lipids of low density lipoproteine produces selective alterations in the expression of apoB-100 epitopes. J Lipid Res. 1990;31:701-708.
41. Lagrost L, Gambert P, Lallemant C. Combined effects of lipid transfers and lipolysis on gradient gel patterns of human plasma LDL. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:1327-1336.
42. McKeone BJ, Patsch JR, Pownall HJ. Plasma triglycerides determine low density lipoprotein composition, physical properties, and cell-specific binding in cultured cells. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:1926-1933.
43. Zambon A, Austin MA, Brown BG, Hokanson JE, Brunzell JD. Effect of hepatic lipase on LDL in normal men and those with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb. 1993;13:147-153.
44. McNamara JR, Jenner JL, Li Z, Wilson PWF, Schaefer EJ. Change in LDL particle size is associated with change in plasma triglyceride concentration. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12:1284-1290.
45. Sakai N, Matsuzawa Y, Hirano K, et al. Detection of two species of low density lipoprotein particles in cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency. Arterioscler Thromb. 1991;11:71-79.
46. Barakat HA, Carpenter JW, McLendon VD, et al. Influence of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and NIDDH on LDL structure and composition: possible link between hyperinsulinemia and atherosclerosis. Diabetes. 1990;39:1527-1533.
47. Auwerx JH, Marzetta CA, Hokanson JE, Brunzell JD. Large buoyant LDL-like particles in hepatic lipase deficiency. Arteriosclerosis. 1989;9:319-325.
48. Decklebaum RJ, Granot E, Oschry Y, Rose L, Eisenberg S. Plasma triglyceride determines structure-composition in low and high density lipoproteine. Arteriosclerosis. 1984;4:226-231.
49. Dreon DM, Fernstrom HA, Miller B, Krauss RM. Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and lipoprotein response to a reduced-fat diet in men. FASEB J. 1994;8:121-126.
50. Superko HR, Krauss RM. Differential effects of nicotinic acid in subjects with different LDL subclass patterns. Atherosclerosis. 1992;95:69-76.
51. Williams PT, Krause RM, Vranizan KM, Wood PDS. Changes in lipoprotein subfractions during diet-induced and exercise-induced weight loss in moderately overweight men. Circulation, 1990;81: 1293-1304.
52. Lamon-Fava S, McNamara JR, Farber HW, Hill NS, Schaefer EJ. Acute changes in lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein particle size after an endurance triathlon. Metabolism. 1989;38:921-925.
53. Reaven GM, Chen Y-D I, Jeppesen J, Maheux P, Krauss RM. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in individuals with small, dense, low density lipoprotein particles. J Clin Invest. 1993;92:141-146.
54. Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease (syndrome X): an expanded definition. Annu Rev Med. 1993;44:121-131.
55. Kinosian B, Glick H, Garland G. Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: predicting risks by levels and ratios. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:641-647.
56. Castelli WP, Abbott RD, McNamara PM. Summary estimates of cholesterol used to predict coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1983;67:730-734.