The role of ice particle shapes and size distributions in the single scattering properties of cirrus clouds

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 55, Issue 17, 1998, Pages 2874-2883

  Macke, Andreas ^a,e   Francis, Peter N ^b   Mcfarquhar, Greg M ^c   Kinne, Stefan ^d  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^b MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^e GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; ICE CRYSTAL; PARTICLE SIZE; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; SCATTERING;

EID: 0032455284     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2874:TROIPS>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Auer, A. H., and D. L. Veal, 1970: The dimensions of ice crystals in natural clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 919-926.
2. Baumgardner, D., and A. Korolev, 1997: Airspeed corrections for optical array probe sample volumes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 1224-1229.
3. Chepfer, H., G. Brogniez, and Y. Fouquart, 1997: Determination of a radiatively equivalent microphysics for cirrus clouds by POL-DER measurements - Sensitivity of radiative fluxes to the microphysics. IRS'96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and K. Stamnes, Eds., A. Deepak, 86-89.
4. Descloitres, J., J. C. Buriez, F. Paroi, and Y. Fouquart, 1997: Comparison between cloud bidirectional reflectances observed by Polder and simulations based on the cloud microphysics used in the isccp scheme. IRS'96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and K. Stamnes, Eds., A. Deepak, 105-108.
5. Duroure, C., H. Larsen, P. Personne, and H. Isaka, 1994: 2D image population analysis. Atmos. Res., 34, 195-205.
6. Francis, P. N., 1995: Some aircraft observations of the scattering properties of ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1142-1154.
7. Gardiner, A. B., and J. Hallet, 1985: Degradation of in-cloud forward scattering spectrometer probe measurements in the presence of ice particles. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 171-180.
8. Gayet, J.-F., P. R. A. Brown, and F. Albers, 1993: A comparison of in-cloud measurements obtained with six PMS 2D-C probes. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 10, 180-194.
9. _, O. Crepel, and J.-F. Fournol, 1995: A new polar nephelometer for in situ measurements of microphysical and optical properties of clouds. Proc. Conf. on Cloud Physics, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 26-30.
10. _, G. Febvre, G. Brogniez, H. Chepfer, W. Renger, and P. Wendling, 1996: Microphysical and optical properties of cirrus and contrails: Cloud field study on 13 October 1989. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 126-138.
11. Heymsfield, A. J., and L. M. Miloshevich, 1995: Relative humidity and temperature influences on cirrus formation and evolution: Observations from wave clouds and FIRE II. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 4302-4326.
12. _, and G. M. McFarquhar, 1996: High albedos of cirrus in the tropical Pacific warm pool: Microphysical interpretations from CEPEX and from Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2424-2451.
13. Hignett, P., P. N. Francis, and A. Macke, 1997: Aircraft multispectral radiance measurements of cirrus during EUCREX'93, and their application to the retrieval of the clouds microphysical and radiative properties. IRS'96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and K. Stamnes, Eds., A. Deepak, 101-104.
14. Hobbs, R., B. Morrison, R. Ashenden, and R. F. Ide, 1996: Comparison of two data processing techniques for optical array probes. Proc. FAA Int. Conf. on Aircraft Inflight Icing, Spring-field, VA, Federal Aviation Administration, 69-90.
15. Iaquinta, J., H. Isaka, and P. Personne, 1995: Scattering phase function of bullet rosette ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1401-1413.
16. Kinne, S., and K. N. Liou, 1989: The effects of the nonsphericity and size distribution of ice crystals on the radiative properties of cirrus clouds. Atmos. Res., 24, 273-284.
17. _, T. A. Ackermann, A. J. Heymsfield, F. P. J. Valero, K. Sassen, and J. Spinhirne, 1992: Cirrus microphysics and radiative transfer: Cloud field study on 28 October 1991. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 661-684.
18. _, and Coauthors, 1997: Cirrus cloud radiative and microphysical properties from ground observations and in-situ measurements during FIRE'91 and their applications to exhibit problems in cirrus solar radiative transfer modeling. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2320-2344.
19. Krupp, C., 1992: Holographische Messungen an Eiskristallen in Cirruswolken waehrend des Internationalen Cirrus Experiments ICE. External Rep. GKSS 92/E/14, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany, 145 pp.
20. Macke, A., 1993: Scattering of light by polyhedral ice crystal. Appl. Opt., 32, 2780-2788.
21. _, and M. I. Mishchenko, 1996: Applicability of regular particle shapes in light scattering calculations for atmospheric ice particles. Appl. Opt., 35, 4291-4296.
22. _, M. I. Michshenko, K. Miunonen, and B. E. Carlson, 1995: Scattering of light by large nonspherical particles: Ray tracing approximation versus T-matrix method. Opt. Lett., 20, 1934-1936.
23. _, J. Mueller, and E. Raschke, 1996: Single scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2813-2825.
24. _, M. I. Mishchenko, B. E. Carlson, and K. Muinonen, 1997: Scattering of light by large spherical, spheroidal, and circular cylindrical scatterers: Geometrical optics approximation versus T-matrix method. IRS'96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, W. L. Smith and K. Stamnes, Eds., A. Deepak, 822-825.
25. McFarquhar, G. M., and A. J. Heymsfield, 1996: Microphysical characteristics of three anvils sampled during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX). J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2401-2423.
26. _, and _, 1997: Parameterization of tropical cirrus ice crystal size distribution and implications for radiative transfer: Results from CEPEX. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2187-2200.
27. _, and _, 1998: The definition and significance of an effective radius for ice clouds, J. Atmos. Sci, 55, 2039-2052.
28. Mitchell, D. L., and W. P. Arnott, 1994: A model predicting the evolution of ice particle size spectra and radiative properties of cirrus clouds. Part II: Dependence of absorption and extinction on ice crystal morphology. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 817-832.
29. _, A. Macke, and Y. Liu, 1996: Modeling cirrus clouds. Part II: Treatment of radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2967-2988.
30. Posse, P., and W. von Hoyningen-Huene, 1996: Information about scattering properties and particle characteristics of a stratiform cloud at Helgoland by remote optical measurements. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 68, 359-366.
31. Raschke, E., J. Schmetz, J. Heintzenberg, R. Kandel, and R. Saunders, 1990: The international cirrus experiment (ICE) - A joint European effort. Europ. Space Agency J., 14, 193-199.
32. _, and Coauthors, 1996: European Cloud and Radiation Experiment (EUCREX). Final Rep. on the project EV5V-CT-0130 EU-CREX-2, 154 pp. [Available from GKSS Research Center, Post-fach 1160, D-21494 Geesthacht, Germany.]
33. Spinhirne, J. D., W. D. Hart, and D. Havlaka, 1996: Cirrus infrared parameters and shortwave reflectance relations from observations. J. Atmos. Sci, 53, 1438-1458.
34. Stackhouse, P. W. J., and G. L. Stephens, 1991: A theoretical and observational study of the radiative properties of cirrus: Results from FIRE 1986. J. Atmos., Sci., 48, 2044-2059.
35. Starr, D. O., 1987: Cirrus-cloud experiment: Intensive field observations planned for FIRE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 68, 119-124.
36. Takano, Y., and K. Jayaweera, 1985: Scattering phase matrix for hexagonal ice crystals computed from ray optics. Appl. Opt., 24, 3254-3263.
37. _, and K. N. Liou, 1989: Solar radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part I: Single-scattering and optical properties of hexagonal ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3-18.
38. _, and _, 1995: Radiative transfer in cirrus clouds. Part III: Light scattering by irregular ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 818-837.
39. Warren, S. G., 1984: Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave. Appl. Opt., 23, 1206-1225.
40. Wielaard, D. J., M. I. Mishchenko, A. Macke, and B. E. Carlson, 1997: Improved T-matrix computations for large, nonabsorbing and weakly absorbing nonspherical particles and comparison with geometric optics approximation. Appl. Opt., 36, 4305-4313.
41. Yang, P., and K. N. Liou, 1995: Light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals: Comparison of finite difference time domain and geometric optic models. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, 12, 162-176.