메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 315-326

Neoglacial climate control of subarctic Picea abies stand dynamics and range limit in Northern Sweden

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE STRUCTURE; CLIMATE CONTROL; CLIMATIC CONTROL; FROST; GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE; HOLOCENE VEGETATION; NEOGLACIAL; PERMAFROST; SPRUCE STAND; TREELINE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 0030754306     PISSN: 00040851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/1552146     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (112)
  • 2
    • 0002930405 scopus 로고
    • Waldgrenzen und subrezente Pollenspektren in Petsamo Lappland
    • Aario, L., 1940: Waldgrenzen und subrezente Pollenspektren in Petsamo Lappland. Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae Ser. A, 54: 1-120
    • (1940) Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae Ser. A , vol.54 , pp. 1-120
    • Aario, L.1
  • 3
    • 0343206956 scopus 로고
    • Snow: Plants and animals
    • Gray, D. M. and Male, D. H. (ed.). Toronto: Pergamon Press
    • Adams, W. P., 1981: Snow: plants and animals. In Gray, D. M. and Male, D. H. (ed.), Handbook of Snow. Toronto: Pergamon Press, 13-31.
    • (1981) Handbook of Snow , pp. 13-31
    • Adams, W.P.1
  • 5
    • 0342337352 scopus 로고
    • Skogsbiologiska studier inom Vilhelmina sockens fjälltrakter
    • Aminoff, F., 1907: Skogsbiologiska studier inom Vilhelmina sockens fjälltrakter. Svenska Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskrift, 5: 269-292.
    • (1907) Svenska Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskrift , vol.5 , pp. 269-292
    • Aminoff, F.1
  • 6
    • 0343138603 scopus 로고
    • Historical evidence and climate implications of a shift in the boreal forest tundra transition in Central Canada
    • Ball, T. F., 1986: Historical evidence and climate implications of a shift in the boreal forest tundra transition in Central Canada. Climatic Change, 8: 121-134.
    • (1986) Climatic Change , vol.8 , pp. 121-134
    • Ball, T.F.1
  • 7
    • 0025205911 scopus 로고
    • The Holocene glacial history of Lyngshalvöya, northern Norway: Chronology and climatic implications
    • Ballantyne, C. K., 1990: The Holocene glacial history of Lyngshalvöya, northern Norway: chronology and climatic implications. Boreas, 19: 93-17.
    • (1990) Boreas , vol.19 , pp. 93-117
    • Ballantyne, C.K.1
  • 8
    • 0024258772 scopus 로고
    • Holocene geographic spread and population expansion of Fagus grandifolia in Ontario, Canada
    • Bennett, K. D., 1988: Holocene geographic spread and population expansion of Fagus grandifolia in Ontario, Canada. Journal of Ecology, 76: 547-557.
    • (1988) Journal of Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 547-557
    • Bennett, K.D.1
  • 9
    • 0030466971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene forest dynamics and climate changes in the Abisko area, northern Sweden - The Sonesson model of vegetation history reconsidered and confirmed
    • Berglund, B. E., Barnekow, L., Hammarlund, D., Sandgren, P., and Snowball, I. F., 1996: Holocene forest dynamics and climate changes in the Abisko area, northern Sweden - the Sonesson model of vegetation history reconsidered and confirmed. Ecological Bulletins, 45: 15-30.
    • (1996) Ecological Bulletins , vol.45 , pp. 15-30
    • Berglund, B.E.1    Barnekow, L.2    Hammarlund, D.3    Sandgren, P.4    Snowball, I.F.5
  • 10
    • 0343206954 scopus 로고
    • Vegetationen och floran i Pajala socken med Muonio kapellag i arktiska Norrbotten
    • Birger, S., 1904: Vegetationen och floran i Pajala socken med Muonio kapellag i arktiska Norrbotten. Arkiv för Botanik, 3: 1-117.
    • (1904) Arkiv För Botanik , vol.3 , pp. 1-117
    • Birger, S.1
  • 11
    • 0030304569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immigration of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. into a natural forest stand in southern Sweden during the last 2000 years
    • Björkman, L. and Bradshaw, R., 1996: The immigration of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. into a natural forest stand in southern Sweden during the last 2000 years. Journal of Biogeography, 23: 235-244.
    • (1996) Journal of Biogeography , vol.23 , pp. 235-244
    • Björkman, L.1    Bradshaw, R.2
  • 12
    • 0001477663 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive ecology of Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., at tree line near Inuvik Northwest Territories, Canada
    • Black, R. A. and Bliss, L. C., 1980: Reproductive ecology of Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., at tree line near Inuvik Northwest Territories, Canada. Ecological Monographs, 50: 331-354.
    • (1980) Ecological Monographs , vol.50 , pp. 331-354
    • Black, R.A.1    Bliss, L.C.2
  • 13
    • 0343878000 scopus 로고
    • Vegetational distribution, tree growth and crop success in relation to recent climatic change
    • Bray, J. R., 1971: Vegetational distribution, tree growth and crop success in relation to recent climatic change. Advances in Ecological Research, 7: 177-233.
    • (1971) Advances in Ecological Research , vol.7 , pp. 177-233
    • Bray, J.R.1
  • 14
    • 84892201489 scopus 로고
    • On the relationships between temperature, respiration and growth in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)
    • Dahl, E. and Mork, E., 1959: On the relationships between temperature, respiration and growth in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Meddelelser fra Det Norske Skogforsøksvesen, 53: 82-93.
    • (1959) Meddelelser fra Det Norske Skogforsøksvesen , vol.53 , pp. 82-93
    • Dahl, E.1    Mork, E.2
  • 15
    • 0001957456 scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene biogeography of temperate deciduous forests
    • Davis, M. B., 1976: Pleistocene biogeography of temperate deciduous forests. Geoscience and Man, 13: 13-26.
    • (1976) Geoscience and Man , vol.13 , pp. 13-26
    • Davis, M.B.1
  • 16
    • 0022202727 scopus 로고
    • Late Glacial and early Holocene landscapes in northern New England and adjacent areas of Canada
    • Davis, R. B. and Jacobson, G. L., Jr., 1985: Late Glacial and early Holocene landscapes in northern New England and adjacent areas of Canada. Quaternary Research, 23: 341-368.
    • (1985) Quaternary Research , vol.23 , pp. 341-368
    • Davis, R.B.1    Jacobson G.L., Jr.2
  • 17
    • 0021617702 scopus 로고
    • Forest fires in the Muddus National Park (northern Sweden) during the past 600 years
    • Engelmark, O., 1984: Forest fires in the Muddus National Park (northern Sweden) during the past 600 years. Canadian Journal of Botany, 62: 893-898.
    • (1984) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.62 , pp. 893-898
    • Engelmark, O.1
  • 18
    • 0023529555 scopus 로고
    • Fire history correlations to forest type and topography in northern Sweden
    • Engelmark, O., 1987: Fire history correlations to forest type and topography in northern Sweden. Annales Botanici Fennici, 24: 317-324.
    • (1987) Annales Botanici Fennici , vol.24 , pp. 317-324
    • Engelmark, O.1
  • 19
    • 84986841534 scopus 로고
    • Early post-fire tree regeneration in a Picea-Vaccinium forest in northern Sweden
    • Engelmark, O., 1993: Early post-fire tree regeneration in a Picea-Vaccinium forest in northern Sweden. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4: 791-794.
    • (1993) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.4 , pp. 791-794
    • Engelmark, O.1
  • 20
    • 0342772278 scopus 로고
    • Snow and ground frost conditions of some Finnish mire types
    • Eurola, S., 1975: Snow and ground frost conditions of some Finnish mire types. Annales Botanici Fennici, 12: 1-16.
    • (1975) Annales Botanici Fennici , vol.12 , pp. 1-16
    • Eurola, S.1
  • 21
    • 84950731629 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the Pleistocene of western Norway. IV. on the immigration of Picea abies (L.) Karst
    • 52 pp.
    • Faegri, K., 1950: Studies on the Pleistocene of western Norway. IV. On the immigration of Picea abies (L.) Karst. Universitetet i Bergen Årbok 1949. 52 pp.
    • (1950) Universitetet i Bergen Årbok 1949
    • Faegri, K.1
  • 24
    • 84859041739 scopus 로고
    • Trädgränsförskjutningarna inom Kamajokks vattenområde
    • Gavelin, A., 1910: Trädgränsförskjutningarna inom Kamajokks vattenområde. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Ser. C., 227: 1-34.
    • (1910) Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Ser. C , vol.227 , pp. 1-34
    • Gavelin, A.1
  • 25
    • 0343206953 scopus 로고
    • Skog på Grönland
    • Geete, E., 1945: Skog på Grönland. Skogen, 32: 27-29.
    • (1945) Skogen , vol.32 , pp. 27-29
    • Geete, E.1
  • 26
    • 0342337349 scopus 로고
    • Role of seasonal snow cover in forest regeneration
    • MacIver, D. C., Street, R. B., and Auclair, A. N. (eds.). Ottawa, Ontario: Minister of Supply and Services Canada
    • Granberg, H., 1989: Role of seasonal snow cover in forest regeneration. In MacIver, D. C., Street, R. B., and Auclair, A. N. (eds.), Climate Applications in Forest Renewal and Forest Production. Ottawa, Ontario: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 97-106.
    • (1989) Climate Applications in Forest Renewal and Forest Production , pp. 97-106
    • Granberg, H.1
  • 28
    • 0020937416 scopus 로고
    • Permafrost, fire, and the regeneration of white spruce at tree-line near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada
    • Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press
    • Greene, D. F., 1983: Permafrost, fire, and the regeneration of white spruce at tree-line near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada. In: Fourth International Conference on Permafrost. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 374-379.
    • (1983) Fourth International Conference on Permafrost , pp. 374-379
    • Greene, D.F.1
  • 31
    • 0343206952 scopus 로고
    • Gran nordenfor polarcirkelen
    • Hall, H., 1884: Gran nordenfor polarcirkelen. Den Norske Forstforenings Aarbog, 1884: 210-212.
    • (1884) Den Norske Forstforenings Aarbog , vol.1884 , pp. 210-212
    • Hall, H.1
  • 32
    • 0343642539 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the northern limit of spruce at Dubawnt Lake, Northwest Territories
    • Hansell, R. I. C. and Chant, D. A., 1971: Changes in the northern limit of spruce at Dubawnt Lake, Northwest Territories. Arctic, 24: 233-234.
    • (1971) Arctic , vol.24 , pp. 233-234
    • Hansell, R.I.C.1    Chant, D.A.2
  • 34
    • 0342337348 scopus 로고
    • Granforekomsten i Graataadalen
    • Helgesen, J. A., 1927: Granforekomsten i Graataadalen. Tidsskrift for Skogbruk, 35: 266-271.
    • (1927) Tidsskrift for Skogbruk , vol.35 , pp. 266-271
    • Helgesen, J.A.1
  • 35
    • 0026274123 scopus 로고
    • Response of old-growth montane Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest to climatic variability in northern Sweden
    • Hofgaard, A., Kullman, L., and Alexandersson, H., 1991: Response of old-growth montane Picea abies (L.) Karst. forest to climatic variability in northern Sweden. New Phytologist, 119: 585-594.
    • (1991) New Phytologist , vol.119 , pp. 585-594
    • Hofgaard, A.1    Kullman, L.2    Alexandersson, H.3
  • 36
    • 84986734259 scopus 로고
    • 50 years of change in a Swedish boreal old-growth Picea abies forest
    • Hofgaard, A., 1993: 50 years of change in a Swedish boreal old-growth Picea abies forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4: 773-782.
    • (1993) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.4 , pp. 773-782
    • Hofgaard, A.1
  • 37
    • 0342772276 scopus 로고
    • Skogsbiologiska studier inom Arjepluogs och Jockmocks lappmarker
    • Holmgren, A., 1904: Skogsbiologiska studier inom Arjepluogs och Jockmocks lappmarker. Svenska Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskrift, 2: 1-23.
    • (1904) Svenska Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskrift , vol.2 , pp. 1-23
    • Holmgren, A.1
  • 38
    • 0342337346 scopus 로고
    • Surveys of post-Little Ice Age glacier fluctuations in northern Sweden
    • Holmlund, P., 1993: Surveys of post-Little Ice Age glacier fluctuations in northern Sweden. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 29: 1-13.
    • (1993) Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie , vol.29 , pp. 1-13
    • Holmlund, P.1
  • 39
    • 2442718383 scopus 로고
    • Geoökologische Beobachtungen und Studien an der subarktischen und alpinen Waldgrenze in vergleichender Sicht
    • Holtmeier, F.-K., 1974: Geoökologische Beobachtungen und Studien an der subarktischen und alpinen Waldgrenze in vergleichender Sicht. Erdwissenschaftliche Forschung, 8: 1-130.
    • (1974) Erdwissenschaftliche Forschung , vol.8 , pp. 1-130
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1
  • 40
    • 0028882976 scopus 로고
    • Waldgrenzen und Klimaschwankungen. Ökologische Aspekte eines vieldiskutierten Phänomens
    • Holtmeier, F.-K., 1995: Waldgrenzen und Klimaschwankungen. Ökologische Aspekte eines vieldiskutierten Phänomens. Geoökodynamik, 16: 1-24.
    • (1995) Geoökodynamik , vol.16 , pp. 1-24
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1
  • 41
    • 0000888748 scopus 로고
    • Glacial and Holocene Vegetation History - 20ky to present. Europe
    • Huntley, B. and Webb, T., III (eds.). Dordrecht: Kluwer
    • Huntley, B., 1988: Glacial and Holocene Vegetation History - 20ky to present. Europe. In Huntley, B. and Webb, T., III (eds.), Vegetation History. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 341-383.
    • (1988) Vegetation History , pp. 341-383
    • Huntley, B.1
  • 43
    • 0242677494 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the forests on the east coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay
    • Hustich, I., 1950: Notes on the forests on the east coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Acta Geographica, 11: 1-83.
    • (1950) Acta Geographica , vol.11 , pp. 1-83
    • Hustich, I.1
  • 45
    • 0023504326 scopus 로고
    • Tree population dynamics, stand structure and species composition in the montane virgin forest of Vallibäcken, northern Sweden
    • Hytteborn, H., Packham, J. R., and Verwijst, T., 1987: Tree population dynamics, stand structure and species composition in the montane virgin forest of Vallibäcken, northern Sweden. Vegetatio, 72: 3-19.
    • (1987) Vegetatio , vol.72 , pp. 3-19
    • Hytteborn, H.1    Packham, J.R.2    Verwijst, T.3
  • 46
    • 0028164297 scopus 로고
    • The hazards of interpretation of static age structures as shown by stand reconstructions in a Pinus contorta - Picea engelmannii forest
    • Johnson, E. A., Miyanishi, K., and Kleb, H., 1994: The hazards of interpretation of static age structures as shown by stand reconstructions in a Pinus contorta - Picea engelmannii forest. Journal of Ecology, 82:923-931.
    • (1994) Journal of Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 923-931
    • Johnson, E.A.1    Miyanishi, K.2    Kleb, H.3
  • 47
    • 0343642536 scopus 로고
    • Granens vekstgraenser i Norge
    • Juul, J. G., 1924: Granens vekstgraenser i Norge. Tidsskrift for Skogbruk, 32: 218-227.
    • (1924) Tidsskrift for Skogbruk , vol.32 , pp. 218-227
    • Juul, J.G.1
  • 48
  • 50
    • 0002629682 scopus 로고
    • Holocene climatic change
    • Velichko, A. A., Wright, H. E., and Barnosky, C. W. E. (eds.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
    • Khotinskiy, N. A., 1984: Holocene climatic change. In Velichko, A. A., Wright, H. E., and Barnosky, C. W. E. (eds.), Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 305-309.
    • (1984) Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union , pp. 305-309
    • Khotinskiy, N.A.1
  • 51
    • 0002705286 scopus 로고
    • Pflanzenbiologische Studien aus Russisch Lappland
    • Kihlman, A. O., 1890: Pflanzenbiologische Studien aus Russisch Lappland. Acta Societatis Fauna Flora Fennica, 6: 1-256.
    • (1890) Acta Societatis Fauna Flora Fennica , vol.6 , pp. 1-256
    • Kihlman, A.O.1
  • 52
    • 0343642534 scopus 로고
    • The effect of permafrost on the northern tree line
    • Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences
    • Kryuchkov, V. V., 1978: The effect of permafrost on the northern tree line. In Second International Conference on Permafrost. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 136-138.
    • (1978) Second International Conference on Permafrost , pp. 136-138
    • Kryuchkov, V.V.1
  • 53
    • 0021566174 scopus 로고
    • Germinability of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) along two altitudinal transects downslope from the tree limit, in Sweden
    • Kullman, L., 1984: Germinability of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) along two altitudinal transects downslope from the tree limit, in Sweden. Reports from the Kevo Subarctic Research Station, 19: 11-18.
    • (1984) Reports from the Kevo Subarctic Research Station , vol.19 , pp. 11-18
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 54
    • 0022842304 scopus 로고
    • Recent tree-limit history of Picea abies in the southern Swedish Scandes
    • Kullman, L., 1986: Recent tree-limit history of Picea abies in the southern Swedish Scandes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 16: 761-771.
    • (1986) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.16 , pp. 761-771
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 55
    • 0024894380 scopus 로고
    • Geoecological aspects of episodic permafrost expansion in North Sweden
    • Kullman, L., 1989: Geoecological aspects of episodic permafrost expansion in North Sweden. Geografiska Annaler, 71A: 255-262.
    • (1989) Geografiska Annaler , vol.71 A , pp. 255-262
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 56
    • 0025664938 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of altitudinal tree-limits in Sweden: A review
    • Kullman, L., 1990: Dynamics of altitudinal tree-limits in Sweden: a review. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 44: 103-116.
    • (1990) Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift , vol.44 , pp. 103-116
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 57
    • 0026381298 scopus 로고
    • Ground frost restriction of subarctic Picea abies forest in northern Sweden
    • Kullman, L., 1991a: Ground frost restriction of subarctic Picea abies forest in northern Sweden. Geografiska Annaler, 73A: 167-178.
    • (1991) Geografiska Annaler , vol.73 A , pp. 167-178
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 58
    • 0026288111 scopus 로고
    • Pattern and process of present tree-limits in the Tärna region, southern Swedish Lapland
    • Kullman, L., 1991b: Pattern and process of present tree-limits in the Tärna region, southern Swedish Lapland. Fennia, 169: 25-38.
    • (1991) Fennia , vol.169 , pp. 25-38
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 59
    • 0025956559 scopus 로고
    • Cataclysmic response to recent cooling of a natural boreal pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in northern Sweden
    • Kullman, L. 1991c: Cataclysmic response to recent cooling of a natural boreal pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in northern Sweden. New Phytologist, 117: 351-360.
    • (1991) New Phytologist , vol.117 , pp. 351-360
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 60
    • 0028995974 scopus 로고
    • Holocene tree-limit and climate history from the Scandes Mountains, Sweden
    • Kullman, L., 1995a: Holocene tree-limit and climate history from the Scandes Mountains, Sweden. Ecology, 76: 2490-2502.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 2490-2502
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 61
    • 0028975540 scopus 로고
    • New and firm evidence for Mid-Holocene appearance of Picea abies in the Scandes Mountains, Sweden
    • Kullman, L., 1995b: New and firm evidence for Mid-Holocene appearance of Picea abies in the Scandes Mountains, Sweden. Journal of Ecology, 83: 439-447.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 439-447
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 62
    • 0030425007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rise and demise of cold-climate Picea abies (L.) Karst, forest in Sweden
    • Kullman, L., 1996a: Rise and demise of cold-climate Picea abies (L.) Karst, forest in Sweden. New Phytologist, 134: 243-256.
    • (1996) New Phytologist , vol.134 , pp. 243-256
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 63
    • 0029768409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norway spruce present in the Scandes Mountains, Sweden at 8000 BP: New light on Holocene tree spread
    • Kullman, L., 1996b: Norway spruce present in the Scandes Mountains, Sweden at 8000 BP: new light on Holocene tree spread. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 5: 94-101.
    • (1996) Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters , vol.5 , pp. 94-101
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 64
    • 0008023450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural population dynamics of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) during the past 500 years close to the tree-limit in northern Sweden
    • Kullman, L., 1996c: Structural population dynamics of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) during the past 500 years close to the tree-limit in northern Sweden. Palaeoclimatic Research, 20: 75-82.
    • (1996) Palaeoclimatic Research , vol.20 , pp. 75-82
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 65
    • 0000835161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree-limit stress and disturbance. A 25-year survey of geoecological change in the Scandes Mountains of Sweden
    • in press
    • Kullman, L., in press: Tree-limit stress and disturbance. A 25-year survey of geoecological change in the Scandes Mountains of Sweden. Geografiska Annaler, 79A.
    • Geografiska Annaler , vol.79 A
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 66
    • 0025634667 scopus 로고
    • A high Late Holocene tree-limit and the establishment of the spruce forest-limit - A case study in northern Sweden
    • Kullman, L. and Engelmark, O., 1990: A high Late Holocene tree-limit and the establishment of the spruce forest-limit - a case study in northern Sweden. Boreas, 19: 323-331.
    • (1990) Boreas , vol.19 , pp. 323-331
    • Kullman, L.1    Engelmark, O.2
  • 67
    • 0025956542 scopus 로고
    • Historical biogeography of Picea abies (L.) Karst, at its subarctic limit in northern Sweden
    • Kullman, L. and Engelmark, O., 1991: Historical biogeography of Picea abies (L.) Karst, at its subarctic limit in northern Sweden. Journal of Biogeography, 18: 63-70.
    • (1991) Journal of Biogeography , vol.18 , pp. 63-70
    • Kullman, L.1    Engelmark, O.2
  • 68
    • 0024260559 scopus 로고
    • Évolution récente d'une tourbière à palses (Québec subarctique): Analyse cartographique et dendrochronologique
    • Laprise, D. and Payette, S., 1988: Évolution récente d'une tourbière à palses (Québec subarctique): analyse cartographique et dendrochronologique. Canadian Journal of Botany, 66: 2217-2227.
    • (1988) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.66 , pp. 2217-2227
    • Laprise, D.1    Payette, S.2
  • 70
    • 0026080349 scopus 로고
    • Canopy gaps and establishment patterns of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in two old-growth coniferous forests in central Sweden
    • Leemans, R., 1991: Canopy gaps and establishment patterns of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in two old-growth coniferous forests in central Sweden. Vegetatio, 93: 157-165.
    • (1991) Vegetatio , vol.93 , pp. 157-165
    • Leemans, R.1
  • 72
    • 0028573410 scopus 로고
    • Holocene forest history of the Pöyrisjärvi area north of the coniferous tree line in western Finnish Lapland: A pollen stratigraphical study
    • Mäkelä, E., Sarmaja-Korjonen, K. and Hyvärinen, H., 1994: Holocene forest history of the Pöyrisjärvi area north of the coniferous tree line in western Finnish Lapland: a pollen stratigraphical study. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland, 66: 81-94.
    • (1994) Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland , vol.66 , pp. 81-94
    • Mäkelä, E.1    Sarmaja-Korjonen, K.2    Hyvärinen, H.3
  • 73
    • 0005933340 scopus 로고
    • An arctic forest in the tundra on northern Ungava, Quebec
    • Maycock, P. F. and Matthews, B., 1966: An arctic forest in the tundra on northern Ungava, Quebec. Arctic, 19: 114-144.
    • (1966) Arctic , vol.19 , pp. 114-144
    • Maycock, P.F.1    Matthews, B.2
  • 74
    • 0002586281 scopus 로고
    • The post-glacial immigration of Picea abies into Fennoscandia
    • Moe, D., 1970: The post-glacial immigration of Picea abies into Fennoscandia. Botaniska Notiser, 123: 61-66.
    • (1970) Botaniska Notiser , vol.123 , pp. 61-66
    • Moe, D.1
  • 75
    • 0343642528 scopus 로고
    • The postglacial history of vegetation and climate at Ennadai Lake, Keewatin, and Lynn Lake, Manitoba
    • Nichols, H., 1967: The postglacial history of vegetation and climate at Ennadai Lake, Keewatin, and Lynn Lake, Manitoba. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 18: 176-197.
    • (1967) Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart , vol.18 , pp. 176-197
    • Nichols, H.1
  • 76
    • 0343642531 scopus 로고
    • Om Norrbottens växtlighet med särskild hänsyn till dess skogar
    • Nilsson, A., 1897: Om Norrbottens växtlighet med särskild hänsyn till dess skogar. Tidskrift för Skogshushållning, 25: 139-153.
    • (1897) Tidskrift För Skogshushållning , vol.25 , pp. 139-153
    • Nilsson, A.1
  • 77
    • 0029502904 scopus 로고
    • Isolated occurrences of spruce, Picea abies, in northernmost Fennoscandia in relation to the enigma of continental mountain birch forests
    • Oksanen, L., 1995: Isolated occurrences of spruce, Picea abies, in northernmost Fennoscandia in relation to the enigma of continental mountain birch forests. Acta Botanica Fennica, 153: 81-92.
    • (1995) Acta Botanica Fennica , vol.153 , pp. 81-92
    • Oksanen, L.1
  • 78
    • 0026312477 scopus 로고
    • Variations séculaires du niveau d'eau dans le bassin de la rivière Boniface (Ouébec nordique): Une analyse dendroécologique
    • Payette, S. and Delwaide, A., 1991: Variations séculaires du niveau d'eau dans le bassin de la rivière Boniface (Ouébec nordique): une analyse dendroécologique. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire, 45: 59-67.
    • (1991) Géographie Physique et Quaternaire , vol.45 , pp. 59-67
    • Payette, S.1    Delwaide, A.2
  • 79
    • 0022200766 scopus 로고
    • White spruce expansion at the tree line and recent climate change
    • Payette, S. and Filion, L., 1985: White spruce expansion at the tree line and recent climate change. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 15: 241-251.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.15 , pp. 241-251
    • Payette, S.1    Filion, L.2
  • 80
    • 0028119118 scopus 로고
    • The arctic tree line as a record of past and recent climatic changes
    • Payette, S. and Lavoie, C., 1994: The arctic tree line as a record of past and recent climatic changes. Environmental Review, 2: 78-90.
    • (1994) Environmental Review , vol.2 , pp. 78-90
    • Payette, S.1    Lavoie, C.2
  • 81
    • 0001386792 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of permafrost in the Taiga and forest-tundra, Western Quebec-Labrador Peninsula
    • Payette, S., Samson, H., and Lagarec, P., 1976: The evolution of permafrost in the Taiga and forest-tundra, Western Quebec-Labrador Peninsula. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 6: 203-220.
    • (1976) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.6 , pp. 203-220
    • Payette, S.1    Samson, H.2    Lagarec, P.3
  • 82
    • 0004142050 scopus 로고
    • London: Edward Arnold. 73 pp.
    • Pruitt, W. O., 1978: Boreal Ecology. London: Edward Arnold. 73 pp.
    • (1978) Boreal Ecology
    • Pruitt, W.O.1
  • 83
    • 0343642527 scopus 로고
    • Le recul du pin sylvestre dans les montagnes de la Suède
    • Rabot, C., 1911: Le recul du pin sylvestre dans les montagnes de la Suède. La Géographie, 23: 270-276.
    • (1911) La Géographie , vol.23 , pp. 270-276
    • Rabot, C.1
  • 84
    • 84959951944 scopus 로고
    • Zonation of permafrost indicators in Swedish Lappland
    • Rapp, A., 1982: Zonation of permafrost indicators in Swedish Lappland. Geografisk Tidsskrift, 82: 37-38.
    • (1982) Geografisk Tidsskrift , vol.82 , pp. 37-38
    • Rapp, A.1
  • 85
    • 0342772246 scopus 로고
    • Klimaänderung und Vegetationsentwicklung in eurasiatischen Norden
    • Regel, C., 1949: Klimaänderung und Vegetationsentwicklung in eurasiatischen Norden. Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift, 96: 369-398.
    • (1949) Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift , vol.96 , pp. 369-398
    • Regel, C.1
  • 86
    • 0021156392 scopus 로고
    • Microclimate of arctic tree line. 2. Soil microclimate of tundra and forest
    • Rouse, W. R., 1984: Microclimate of arctic tree line. 2. Soil microclimate of tundra and forest. Water Resources Research, 20: 67-73.
    • (1984) Water Resources Research , vol.20 , pp. 67-73
    • Rouse, W.R.1
  • 87
    • 0023518048 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of white spruce populations and responses to climatic change at the treeline, Churchill, Manitoba
    • Scott, P. A., Hȧnsell, R. I. C., and Fayle, D. C., 1987: Establishment of white spruce populations and responses to climatic change at the treeline, Churchill, Manitoba. Arctic and Alpine Research, 19: 175-186.
    • (1987) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.19 , pp. 175-186
    • Scott, P.A.1    Hansell, R.I.C.2    Fayle, D.C.3
  • 88
    • 0343642494 scopus 로고
    • The plant life of Russian Lapland
    • Seifriz, W., 1934: The plant life of Russian Lapland. Ecology, 15: 306-318.
    • (1934) Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 306-318
    • Seifriz, W.1
  • 89
    • 0022896511 scopus 로고
    • The origin of palsas
    • Seppälä, M., 1986: The origin of palsas. Geografiska Annaler, 68A: 141-147.
    • (1986) Geografiska Annaler , vol.68 A , pp. 141-147
    • Seppälä, M.1
  • 91
    • 0002527098 scopus 로고
    • The transition between boreal forest and tundra
    • Shugart, H. H., Leemans, R., and Bonan, G. B. (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Sirois, L., 1992: The transition between boreal forest and tundra. In Shugart, H. H., Leemans, R., and Bonan, G. B. (eds.), A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 196-215.
    • (1992) A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest , pp. 196-215
    • Sirois, L.1
  • 92
    • 0342772245 scopus 로고
    • Verdens nordligste gran
    • Skoglund, E., 1964: Verdens nordligste gran. Norsk Skogbruk, 10: 59.
    • (1964) Norsk Skogbruk , vol.10 , pp. 59
    • Skoglund, E.1
  • 94
    • 0343642492 scopus 로고
    • The significance of climatic change for the permafrost environment
    • Smith, M. W., 1990: The significance of climatic change for the permafrost environment. The Northern Engineer, 22: 21-26.
    • (1990) The Northern Engineer , vol.22 , pp. 21-26
    • Smith, M.W.1
  • 95
    • 0023511081 scopus 로고
    • Long-term regeneration dynamics and successional trends in a northern Swedish coniferous forest stand
    • Steijlen, I. and Zackrisson, O., 1987: Long-term regeneration dynamics and successional trends in a northern Swedish coniferous forest stand. Canadian Journal of Botany, 65: 839-848.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.65 , pp. 839-848
    • Steijlen, I.1    Zackrisson, O.2
  • 98
    • 0000418225 scopus 로고
    • A further contribution to the problem of the spread of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Fennoscandia
    • Tallantire, P. A., 1977: A further contribution to the problem of the spread of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Fennoscandia. Journal of Biogeography, 4: 219-227.
    • (1977) Journal of Biogeography , vol.4 , pp. 219-227
    • Tallantire, P.A.1
  • 99
    • 0000041242 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and thawing of permafrost in the southern part of the discontinuous permafrost zone in Manitoba
    • Thie, J., 1974: Distribution and thawing of permafrost in the southern part of the discontinuous permafrost zone in Manitoba. Arctic, 27: 189-200.
    • (1974) Arctic , vol.27 , pp. 189-200
    • Thie, J.1
  • 100
    • 0029659895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal and annual dynamics of frozen ground in the Central Highland of Iceland
    • Thórhallsdóttir, T. E., 1996: Seasonal and annual dynamics of frozen ground in the Central Highland of Iceland. Arctic and Alpine Research, 28: 237-243.
    • (1996) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.28 , pp. 237-243
    • Thórhallsdóttir, T.E.1
  • 101
    • 0343206927 scopus 로고
    • The changes in biogeographical boundaries in the North of U.S.S.R. as related with climatic fluctuations and activity of Man
    • Tikhomirov, B. A., 1961: The changes in biogeographical boundaries in the North of U.S.S.R. as related with climatic fluctuations and activity of Man. Botanisk Tidsskrift, 56: 285-292.
    • (1961) Botanisk Tidsskrift , vol.56 , pp. 285-292
    • Tikhomirov, B.A.1
  • 103
    • 0027842937 scopus 로고
    • Zonality in the dynamics of the seasonally thawed layer in the landscape of Yakutia
    • Vasilyev, I. S., 1993: Zonality in the dynamics of the seasonally thawed layer in the landscape of Yakutia. Polar Geography and Geology, 17: 237-243.
    • (1993) Polar Geography and Geology , vol.17 , pp. 237-243
    • Vasilyev, I.S.1
  • 104
    • 0342337309 scopus 로고
    • Om granen som fremtidig skogtre nordenfor polarcirklen
    • Vikhammer, P., 1919: Om granen som fremtidig skogtre nordenfor polarcirklen. Tidsskrift for Skogbruk, 27: 253-271.
    • (1919) Tidsskrift for Skogbruk , vol.27 , pp. 253-271
    • Vikhammer, P.1
  • 105
    • 0001925476 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphical investigations of a palsa bog in northern Norway
    • Vorren, K.-D., 1972: Stratigraphical investigations of a palsa bog in northern Norway. Astarte, 5: 39-71.
    • (1972) Astarte , vol.5 , pp. 39-71
    • Vorren, K.-D.1
  • 107
    • 0002794480 scopus 로고
    • Causes of alpine timberline: A review of the hypotheses
    • Alden, J., Mastrantonio, J. L., and Odum, S. (eds.). New York: Plenum Press
    • Wardle, P., 1993: Causes of alpine timberline: a review of the hypotheses. In Alden, J., Mastrantonio, J. L., and Odum, S. (eds.), Forest Development in Cold Climates. New York: Plenum Press, 89-103.
    • (1993) Forest Development in Cold Climates , pp. 89-103
    • Wardle, P.1
  • 108
    • 0001870948 scopus 로고
    • Rates of change and stability in vegetation in the perspective of long periods of time
    • Birks, H. J. B. and West, R. G. (eds.). Oxford: Blackwell
    • Watts, W. A., 1973: Rates of change and stability in vegetation in the perspective of long periods of time. In Birks, H. J. B. and West, R. G. (eds.), Quaternary Plant Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell, 195-206.
    • (1973) Quaternary Plant Ecology , pp. 195-206
    • Watts, W.A.1
  • 109
    • 0342337306 scopus 로고
    • Kan den nuvarande barrskogsgränsen förskjutas uppåt?
    • Wibeck, E., 1929: Kan den nuvarande barrskogsgränsen förskjutas uppåt? Skogen, 14: 401-404.
    • (1929) Skogen , vol.14 , pp. 401-404
    • Wibeck, E.1
  • 110
    • 0021623107 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and response time of natural systems to climatic change in the Late Quaternary
    • Wright, H. E., 1984: Sensitivity and response time of natural systems to climatic change in the Late Quaternary. Quaternary Science Reviews, 3: 91-131.
    • (1984) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.3 , pp. 91-131
    • Wright, H.E.1
  • 111
    • 0002243479 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies on the emergence and initial development of tree seedlings in spruce and pine stands
    • Yli-Vakkuri, P., 1961: Experimental studies on the emergence and initial development of tree seedlings in spruce and pine stands. Acta Forestalia Fennica, 75: 111-122.
    • (1961) Acta Forestalia Fennica , vol.75 , pp. 111-122
    • Yli-Vakkuri, P.1
  • 112
    • 0028975268 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration pulses and climate-vegetation interactions in nonpyrogenic boreal Scots pine stands
    • Zackrisson, O., Nilsson, M.-C., Steijlen, I., and Hörnberg, G., 1995: Regeneration pulses and climate-vegetation interactions in nonpyrogenic boreal Scots pine stands. Journal of Ecology, 83: 469-483.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 469-483
    • Zackrisson, O.1    Nilsson, M.-C.2    Steijlen, I.3    Hörnberg, G.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.