Rationale and design of the International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril Study (INVEST): An Internet-based randomized trial in coronary artery disease patients with hypertension

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 1998, Pages 1228-1237

  Pepine, Carl J ^a   Handberg Thurmond, Eileen ^a   Marks, Ronald G ^a   Conlon, Michael ^a   Cooper Dehoff, Rhonda ^b   Volkers, Peter ^a   Zellig, Peter ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^c Knoll AG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; DIURETIC AGENT; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; TRANDOLAPRIL; TRANDOLAPRIL PLUS VERAPAMIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VERAPAMIL;

ADULT; AGED; ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ARTICLE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTERNET; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTICENTER STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; BLOOD PRESSURE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY DISEASE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; INDOLES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RESEARCH DESIGN; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 0032212287     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00423-9     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI). Arch Intern Med 1997;157:2413-46.
2. Pepine CJ, Abrams J, Marks RG, Morris JJ, Scheidt SS, Handberg E, for the TIDES Investigators. Characteristics of a contemporary population with angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1994;74:225-31.
3. Psaty BM, Smith NL, Sitescovick DS, et al. Health outcomes associated with antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents. JAMA 1997;277:739-45.
4. Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Scherston B, Ekbom T, Wester P-O. Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet 1991;338:338:1281-5.
5. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 1991;265:3255-64.
6. MRC Working Party. Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. Br Med J 1992;304:405-12.
7. Hansson L. Hypertension in the elderly. J Hypertens 1996;14 Suppl 3:S17-21.
8. Hansson L. Status of current therapies for hypertension. Blood Pressure 1995;4 Suppl 2:93-8.
9. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Research Group. The Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a nutritional-hygienic regimen along with various drug monotherapies. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:1413-23.
10. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Randomised double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 1997;350:757-64.
11. Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Koepsell TD, et al. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies. JAMA 1995;274:620-5.
12. Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Meyer JV. Nifedipine: dose-related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995;92:1326-31.
13. Byington RP, Craven TE, Furberg CD, Pahor M. Isradipine, raised glycosylated haemoglobin, and risk of cardiovascular events. Lancet 1997;350:1075-6.
14. Pahor M, Psaty BM, Furberg CD. Treatment of hypertensive patients with diabetes. Lancet 1998;351:689-90.
15. Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Corti MC, Foley DJ, Carbonin P, Havlik RJ. Long-term survival and use of antihypertensive medications in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:1191-7.
16. Aurnes I, Litleskare I, Fryland H, Abdelnoor M. Association between various drugs used for hypertension and risk of acute myocardial infarction. Blood Pressure 1995;4:157-63.
17. Fox KM, Mulcahy D, Findlay I, et al. The Total Ischaemic Burden European Trial (TIBET): effects of atenolol, nifedipine SR, and their combination on the exercise test and the total ischaemic burden in 608 patients with stable angina. Eur Heart J 1996;17:96-103.
18. Dargie HJ, Ford I, Fox KM, for the TIBET Study Group. The Total Ischaemic Burden European Trial (TIBET): effects of ischaemia and treatment with atenolol, nifedipine SR and their combination on outcome in patients with chronic stable angina. Eur Heart J 1996;17:104-12.
19. Rehnqvist N, Hjemdahl P, Billing E, et al. Effects of metoprolol vs verapamil in-patients with stable angina pectoris: the Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm (APSIS). Eur Heart J 1996;17:76-81.
20. Leitch JW, McElduff P, Dobson A, Heller R. Outcome with calcium channel antagonists after myocardial infarction: a community-based study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:111-7.
21. Messerli FH. "Cardioprotection" not all calcium antagonists are created equal: second round. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:788-9.
22. Messerli FH. What, if anything, is controversial about calcium antagonists? Am J Hypertens 1996;9 Suppl. 12, Pt. 2:177S-81S.
23. Pepine CJ. Use of calcium antagonists in post-myocardial infarction patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;31:118-9.
24. Pepine CJ. The role of calcium antagonists in ischaemic heart disease. Eur Hear J 1995;16 Suppl H:19-24.
25. Ryden L, Malmberg K. Calcium channel blockers or beta receptor antagonists for patients with ischaemic heart disease. What is the best choice? Eur Heart J 1996;17:1-2.
26. Sleight P. Calcium antagonists during and after myocardial infarction. Drugs 1996;51:216-25.
27. Buring JE, Glynn RJ, Hennekens CH. Calcium channels blockers and myocardial infarction: a hypothesis formulated but not yet tested. JAMA 1995;274:654-5.
28. Kloner RA. Nifedipine in ischemic heart disease. Circulation 1995;92:1074-8.
29. Opie LH, Messerli FH. Nifedipine and mortality: grave defects in the dossier. Circulation 1995;92:1068-73.
30. Epstein M. The calcium antagonist controversy: the emerging importance of drug formulation as a determinant of risk. Am J Cardiol 1997;79 Suppl 10A:9-19.
31. Frishman WH, Michaelson MD. Use of calcium antagonists in patients with ischemic heart disease and systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1997;79 Suppl 10A:33-8.
32. Parmley WW. A delayed answer to the calcium blocker question. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:510-1.
33. Holzgreve H, Distler A, Michaelis J, Phiipp T, Wellek S, for the Verapamil versus Diuretic (VERDI) Trial Research Group. Verapamil versus hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension: results of long term double blind comparative trial. Br Med J 1989;299:881-6.
34. Aepfelbacher FC, Messerli FH, Nunez E, Michalewicz L. Cardiovascular effects of a trandolapril/verapamil combination in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:826-8.
35. Punzi HA, Novrit BA, for the Trandolapril/Verapamil Multicenter Study Group. The treatment of severe hypertension with trandolapril, verapamil, and hydrochlorothiazide. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11:477-81.
36. Viskoper RJ, Compagnone D, Dies R, Zilles P. Verapamil and trandolapril alone and in fixed combination on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure profiles of patients with moderate essential hypertension. Curr Ther Res 1997;58:343-51.
37. Holzgreve H. Safety profile of the combination verapamil and trandolapril. J Hypertens 1997;15 Suppl 2:851-3.
38. Brogden RN, Benfield P. Verapamil: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in coronary artery disease. Drugs 1996;51:792-819.
39. The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. Verapamil in acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1984;5:516-28.
40. The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. Verapamil in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1984;54 Suppl 11 E:24E-8E.
41. The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. Effect of verapamil on mortality and major events after acute myocardial infarction (the Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial II-DAVIT II). Am J Cardiol 1990;66:779-85.
42. The Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. Secondary prevention with verapamil after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1990;66(21):331-401.
43. Rengo F, Carbonin P, Pahor M, et al. A controlled trial of verapamil in patients after acute myocardial infarction: results of the Calcium Antagonist Reinfarction Italian Study (CRIS). Am J Cardiol 1996;77:365-9.
44. Pepine CJ, Fiach G, Makuch R. Verapamil use in patients with cardiovascular disease: an overview of randomized trials. Clin Cardiol 1998;21:633-41.
45. Jespersen CM, Hansen JF, for the Danish Study Group on Verapamil in Myocardial Infarction. Effects of verapamil on reinfarction and cardiovascular events in patients with arterial hypertension included in the Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial II. J Hum Hypertens 1994;8:85-8.
46. Hjemdahl P, Eriksson SV, Held C, Rehnqvist N. Prognosis of patients with stable angina pectoris on antianginal drug therapy. Am J Cardiol 1996;77 Suppl 16:6D-15D.
47. Rosei EA, Dal Palu C, Leonetti G, Magnani B, Pessina A, Zanchetti A. Clinical results of the Verapamil in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Study. VHAS Investigators. J Hypertens 1997;15:1337-44.
48. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye L, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-77.
49. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.
50. The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 1992;327:685-91.
51. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993;342:821-8.
52. Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Carlsen JE, et al. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1670-6.
53. ACE Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Indications for ACE inhibitors in the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction: systematic overview of individual data from 100,000 patients in randomized trials. Circulation 1998;97:2202-12.
54. Fischer-Hansen JF, Tingsted L, Rasmussen, Madsen JK, Jespersen CM. Verapamil and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with coronary artery disease and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol 1996;77 Suppl 16:16D-21D.
55. Fischer-Hansen JF, Hagerup L, Sitegurd B, et al. Cardiac event rates after acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with verapamil and trandolapril versus trandolapril alone. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:738-41.