Cytokine response modifier A (CrmA): A strategically deployed viral weapon

Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology

Volumn 86, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 134-140

  Dbaibo, Ghassan S ^a   Hannun, Yusuf A ^b  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA;

APOPTOSIS; CYTOKINE RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS INFECTION;

EID: 0032006978     PISSN: 00901229     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/clin.1997.4476     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Gooding L. R. Virus proteins that counteract host immune defenses. Cell. 71:1992;5-7.
2. Moran E. Interaction of adenoviral proteins with pRB and p53. FASEB J. 7:1993;880-885.
3. Vousden K. Interactions of human papillomavirus transforming proteins with the products of tumor suppressor genes. FASEB J. 7:1993;872-879.
4. Pickup D. J. Poxviral modifiers of cytokine responses to infection. Infect. Agents Dis. 3:1994;116-127.
5. Spriggs M. K., Hruby D. E., Maliszewski C. R., Pickup D. J., Sims J. E., Buller R. M., Vanslyke J. Vaccinia and cowpox viruses encode a novel secreted interleukin-1-binding protein. Cell. 71:1992;145-152.
6. Alcami A., Smith G. L. A soluble receptor for interleukin-1β encoded by vaccinia virus: A novel mechanism of virus modulation of the host response to infection. Cell. 71:1992;153-167.
7. Smith C. A., Davis T., Anderson D., Solam L., Beckmann M. P., Jerzy R., Dower S. K., Cosman D., Goodwin R. G. A receptor for tumor necrosis factor defines an unusual family of cellular and viral proteins. Science. 248:1990;1019-1023.
8. Smith C. A., Davis T., Wignall J. M., Din W. S., Farrah T., Upton C., McFadden G., Goodwin R. G. T2 open reading frame from the Shope fibroma virus encodes a soluble form of the TNF receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 176:1991;335-342.
9. Hu F.-Q., Smith C. A., Pickup D. J. Cowpox virus contains two copies of an early gene encoding a soluble secreted form of the type II TNF receptor. Virology. 204:1994;343-356.
10. Upton C., Mossman K., McFadden G. Encoding of a homolog of the IFN-γ receptor by myxoma virus. Science. 258:1992;1369-1373.
11. Blomquist M. C., Hunt L. T., Barker W. C. Vaccinia virus 19 K protein: Relationship to several mammalian proteins, including two growth factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:1984;7363-7367.
12. Brown J. P., Twardzik D. R., Harquardt H., Todaro G. J. Vaccinia virus encodes a polypeptide homologous to epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor. Nature. 313:1985;491-492.
13. Kotwal G. J., Moss B. Vaccinia virus encodes a secretory polypeptide structurally related to complement control proteins. Nature. 335:1988;176-181.
14. Kotwal G. J., Isaacs S. N., McKenzie R., Frank M. M., Moss B. Inhibition of the complement cascade by the major secretory protein of vaccinia virus. Science. 250:1990;827-830.
15. McKenzie R., Kotwal G. J., Moss B., Hammer C. H., Frank M. M. Regulation of complement activity by vaccinia virus complement-control protein. J. Infect. Dis. 166:1992;1245-1250.
16. Ray C. A., Black R. A., Kronheim S. R., Greenstreet T. A., Sleath P. R., Salvesen G. S., Pickup D. J. Viral inhibition of inflammation: Cowpox virus encodes an inhibitor of the interleukin-1β converting enzyme. Cell. 69:1992;597-604.
17. Tewari M., Dixit V. M. Fas- and tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis is inhibited by the poxviruscrmA. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;3255-3260.
18. Pickup D. J., Ink B. S., Hu W., Ray C. A., Joklik W. K. Hemorrhage in lesions caused by cowpox virus is induced by a viral protein that is related to plasma protein inhibitors of serine proteases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;7698-7702.
19. Palumbo G. J., Pickup D. J., Fredrickson T. N., McIntyre L. J., Buller R. M. Inhibition of an inflammatory response is mediated by a 38-kDa protein of cowpox virus. Virology. 171:1989;262-273.
20. Dinarello C. A. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood. 77:1991;1627-1652.
21. Black R. A., Kronheim S. R., Sleath P. R. Activation of interleukin-1β by a co-induced protease. FEBS Lett. 247:1989;386-390.
22. Komiyama T., Ray C. A., Pickup D. J., Howard A. D., Thornberry N. A., Peterson E. P., Salvesen G. Inhibition of interleukin-1β converting enzyme by the cowpox virus serpin CrmA. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;19331-19337.
23. Howard A. D., Palyha O. C., Griffin P. R., Peterson E. P., Lenny A. B., Ding G. J., Pickup D. J., Thornberry N. A., Schmidt J. A., Tocci M. J. Human IL-1β processing and secretion in recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells is blocked by the cowpox virus serpin crmA. J. Immunol. 154:1995;2321-2332.
24. Yuan J., Shaham S., Ledoux S., Ellis H. M., Horvitz H. R. The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1β-converting enzyme. Cell. 75:1993;641-652.
25. Ellis H. M., Horvitz H. R. Genetic control of programmed cell death in the nematode C. elegans. Cell. 44:1986;817-829.
26. Alnemri E. S., Livingston D. J., Nicholson D. W., Salvesen G., Thornberry N. A., Wong W. W., Yuan J. Human ICE/CED-3 protease nomenclature. Cell. 87:1996;171.
27. White E. Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis. Genes Dev. 10:1996;1-15.
28. Wang L., Miura M., Bergeron L., Zhu H., Yuan J. Ich-1, an Ice/ced-3-related gene, encodes both positive and negative regulators of programmed cell death. Cell. 78:1994;739-750.
29. Gagliardini V., Fernandez P. A., Lee R. K., Drexler H. C., Rotello R. J., Fishman M. C., Yuan J. Prevention of vertebrate neuronal death by the crmA gene. Science. 263:1994;826-828.
30. Boudreau N., Sympson C. J., Werb Z., Bissell M. J. Suppression of ICE and apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells by extracellular matrix. Science. 267:1995;891-893.
31. Frisch S. M., Vuori K., Kelaita D., Sicks S. A role for Jun-N-terminal kinase in anoikis; suppression by bcl-2 and crmA. J. Cell Biol. 135:1996;1377-1382.
32. Thompson C. B. Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Science. 267:1995;1456-1462.
33. Razvi E. S., Welsh R. M. Apoptosis in viral infections. Adv. Virus Res. 45:1995;1-60.
34. Golstein P., Luciani M.-F., Mattéi M.-G., Foa C. Molecular mechanisms of T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity, with emphasis on the Fas pathway. Apoptosis And The Immune Response. 1995;Wiley-Liss, New York. p. 143-168.
35. Critchfield J. M., Boehme S. A., Lenardo M. J. The regulation of antigen-induced apoptosis in mature T lymphocytes. Gregory C. D. apoptosis and The Immune Response. 1995;55-114 Wiley-Liss, New York.
36. Miura M., Friedlander R. M., Yuan J. Tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis is mediated by a CrmA-sensitive cell death pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;8318-8322.
37. Enari M., Hug H., Nagata S. Involvement of an ICE-like protease in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Nature. 375:1995;78-81.
38. Talley A. K., Dewhurst S., Perry S. W., Dollard S. C., Gummuluru S., Fine S. M., New D., Epstein L. G., Gendelman H. E., Gelbard H. A. Tumor necrosis factor α-induced apoptosis in human neuronal cells: Protection by the antioxidantN. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:1995;2359-2366.
39. Los M., Van de Craen M., Penning L. C., Schenk H., Westendorp M., Baeuerle P. A., Droge W., Krammer P. H., Fiers W., Schulze-Osthoff K. Requirement of an ICE/CED-3 protease for Fas/APO-1-mediated apoptosis. Nature. 375:1995;81-83.
40. Marsters S. A., Pitti R. M., Donahue C. J., Ruppert S., Bauer K. D., Ashkenazi A. Activation of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand is independent of FADD but blocked by CrmA. Curr. Biol. 6:1996;750-752.
41. Marsters S. A., Sheridan J. P., Donahue C. J., Pitti R. M., Gray C. L., Goddard A. D., Bauer K. D., Ashkenazi A. Apo-3, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, contains a death domain and activates apoptosis and NF-κB. Curr. Biol. 6:1996;1669-1676.
42. Heusel J. W., Wesselschmidt R. L., Shresta S., Russell J. H., Ley T. J. Cytotoxic lymphocytes require granzyme B for the rapid induction of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in allogeneic target cells. Cell. 76:1994;977-987.
43. Darmon A. J., Nicholson D. W., Bleackley R. C. Activation of the apoptotic protease CPP32 by cytotoxic T-cell-derived granzyme B. Nature. 377:1995;446-448.
44. Quan L. T., Tewari M., O'Rourke K., Dixit V., Snipas S. J., Poirier G. G., Ray C., Pickup D. J., Salvesen G. S. Proteolytic activation of the cell death protease Yama/CPP32 by granzyme B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;1972-1976.
45. Darmon A. J., Ley T. J., Nicholson D. W., Bleackley R. C. Cleavage of CPP32 by granzyme B represents a critical role for granzyme B in the induction of target cell DNA fragmentation. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;21709-21712.
46. Tewari M., Telford W. G., Miller R. A., Dixit V. M. CrmA, a poxvirus-encoded serpin, inhibits cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;22705-22708.
47. Quan L. T., Caputo A., Bleackley R. C., Pickup D. J., Salvesen G. S. Granzyme B is inhibited by the cowpox virus serpin cytokine response modifier A. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;10377-10379.
48. Sprecher C. A., Morgenstern K. A., Mathewes S., Dahlen J. R., Schrader S. K., Foster D. C., Kisiel W. Molecular cloning, expression, and partial characterization of two novel members of the ovalbumin family of serine proteinase inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;29854-29861.
49. Sun J., Bird C. H., Sutton V., McDonald L., Coughlin P. B., De Jong T. A., Trapani J. A., Bird P. I. A cytosolic granzyme B inhibitor related to the viral apoptotic regulator cytokine response modifier A is present in cytotoxic lymphocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;27802-27809.
50. Zhou Q., Snipas S., Orth K., Muzio M., Dixit V. M., Salvesen G. S. Target protease specificity of the viral serpin CrmA: Analysis of five caspases. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;7797-7800.
51. Nicholson D. W., Ali A., Thornberry N. A., Vaillancourt J. P., Ding C. K., Gallant M., Gareau Y., Griffin P. R., Labelle M., Lazebnik Y. A., Munday N. A., Raju S. M., Smulson M. E., Yamin T., Yu V. L., Miller D. K. Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis. Nature. 376:1995;37-43.
52. Geley S., Hartmann B. L., Kapelari K., Egle A., Villunger A., Heidacher D., Greil R., Auer B., Kofler R. The interleukin 1β-converting enzyme inhibitor CrmA prevents Apo1/Fas- but not glucocorticoid-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and apoptosis in lymphoblastic leukemia cells. FEBS Lett. 402:1997;36-40.
53. Dbaibo G. S., Perry D. K., Gamard C. J., Platt R., Poirier G. G., Obeid L. M., Hannun Y. A. CrmA inhibits ceramide formation in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α: CrmA and Bcl-2 target distinct components in the apoptotic pathway. J. Exp. Med. 185:1997;481-490.
54. Datta R., Kojima H., Banach D., Bump N. J., Talanian R. V., Alnemri E. S., Weichselbaum R. R., Wong W. W., Kufe D. W. Activation of a CrmA-insensitive, p35-sensitive pathway in ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;1965-1969.
55. Datta R., Banach D., Kojima H., Talanian R. V., Alnemri E. S., Wong W. W., Kufe D. W. Activation of the CPP32 protease in apoptosis induced by 1-β-D. Blood. 88:1996;1936-1943.
56. Li P., Allen H., Banerjee S., Franklin S., Herzog L., Johnston C., McDowell J., Paskind M., Rodman L., Salfeld J., Towne E., Tracey D., Wardwell S., Wei F.-Y., Wong W., Kamen R., Seshadri T. Mice deficient in IL-1β-converting enzyme are defective in production of mature IL-1β and resistant to endotoxic shock. Cell. 80:1995;401-411.
57. Vasilakos J. P., Ghayur T., Carroll R. T., Giegel D. A., Saunders J. M., Quintal L., Keane K. M., Shivers B. D. IL-1β converting enzyme (ICE) is not required for apoptosis induced by lymphokine deprivation in an IL-2-dependent T cell line. J. Immunol. 155:1995;3433-3442.
58. Srinivasula S. M., Ahmad M., Fernandes-Alnemri T., Litwack G., Alnemri E. S. Molecular ordering of the Fas-apoptotic pathway: The Fas/APO-1 protease Mch5 is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that activates multiple Ced-3/ICE-like cysteine proteases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;14486-14491.
59. Muzio M., Salvesen G. S., Dixit V. M. FLICE induced apoptosis in a cell-free system: Cleavage of caspase zymogens. J. Biol. Chem. 272:1997;2952-2956.
60. Tewari M., Quan L. T., O'Rourke K., Desnoyers S., Zeng Z., Beidler D. R., Poirier G. G., Salvesen G. S., Dixit V. M. Yama/CPP32β, a mammalian homolog of CED-3, is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that cleaves the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Cell. 81:1995;801-809.
61. Xue D., Horvitz H. R. Inhibition of theCaenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 377:1995;248-251.
62. Obeid L. M., Linardic C. M., Karolak L. A., Hannun Y. A. Programmed cell death induced by ceramide. Science. 259:1993;1769-1771.
63. Hannun Y. A. Functions of ceramide in coordinating cellular responses to stress. Science. 274:1996;1855-1859.
64. Kim M.-Y., Linardic C., Obeid L., Hannun Y. Identification of sphingomyelin turnover as an effector mechanism for the action of tumor necrosis factor α and γ-interferon: Specific role in cell differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1991;484-489.
65. Tepper C. G., Jayadev S., Liu B., Bielawska A., Wolff R., Yonehara S., Hannun Y. A., Seldin M. F. Role of ceramide as an endogenous mediator of Fas-induced cytotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;8443-8447.
66. Geley S., Hartmann B. L., Kofler R. Ceramides induce a form of apoptosis in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells that is inhibited by Bcl-2, but not by CrmA. FEBS Lett. 400:1997;15-18.
67. Palumbo G. J., Glasgow W. C., Buller M. L. Poxvirus-induced alteration of arachidonate metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;2020-2024.
68. Jayadev S., Linardic C. M., Hannun Y. A. Identification of arachidonic acid as a mediator of sphingomyelin hydrolysis in response to tumor necrosis factor α J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;5757-5763.
69. Juo P., Kuo C. J., Reynolds S. E., Konz R. F., Raingeaud J., Davis R. J., Biemann H. P., Blenis J. Fas activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway requires ICE/CED-3 family proteases. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1997;24-35.
70. Cahill M. A., Peter M. E., Kischkel F. C., Chinnaiyan A. M., Dixit V. M., Krammer P. H., Nordheim A. CD95 (APO-1/Fas) induces activation of SAP kinases downstream of ICE-like proteases. Oncogene. 13:1996;2087-2096.
71. Westwick J. K., Bielawska A. E., Dbaibo G., Hannun Y. A., Brenner D. A. Ceramide activates the stress-activated protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;22689-22692.