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Heynen AJ, Abraham WC, Bear MF. Bi-directional modification of CA1 synapses in the adult hippocampus in vivo. Nature. 381:1996;163-166.
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Heynen, A.J.1
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0030477678
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A synaptic basis for memory storage in the cerebral cortex
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of special interest. This review article covers the theoretical and experimental literature supporting a sliding modification threshold for the induction of LTP and LTD at hippocampal and cortical synapses.
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Bear MF. A synaptic basis for memory storage in the cerebral cortex. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;13453-13459 This review article covers the theoretical and experimental literature supporting a sliding modification threshold for the induction of LTP and LTD at hippocampal and cortical synapses.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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Bear, M.F.1
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Miller KD. Synaptic economics: competition and cooperation in synaptic plasticity. Neuron. 17:1996;371-374.
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Miller, K.D.1
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9
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0029941251
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Experience-dependent modification of synaptic plasticity in visual cortex
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of special interest. This paper provides experimental evidence for a sliding modification threshold for the induction of LTP versus LTD in the ferret visual cortex. Ferrets reared in constant darkness have a lower threshold for induction of LTP in the cortex compared to normally reared litter mates, while hippocampal LTP remains unaffected. The threshold for LTP induction can be restored to wild-type in the dark-reared animals after a short exposure to a normal light cycle.
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Kirkwood A, Rioult MC, Bear MF. Experience-dependent modification of synaptic plasticity in visual cortex. of special interest Nature. 381:1996;526-528 This paper provides experimental evidence for a sliding modification threshold for the induction of LTP versus LTD in the ferret visual cortex. Ferrets reared in constant darkness have a lower threshold for induction of LTP in the cortex compared to normally reared litter mates, while hippocampal LTP remains unaffected. The threshold for LTP induction can be restored to wild-type in the dark-reared animals after a short exposure to a normal light cycle.
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Nature
, vol.381
, pp. 526-528
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Kirkwood, A.1
Rioult, M.C.2
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10
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0029847273
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Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation
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Marder E, Calabrese RL. Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation. Physiol Rev. 76:1996;687-717.
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Marder, E.1
Calabrese, R.L.2
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11
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0030447473
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Memory from the dynamics of intrinsic membrane currents
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of special interest. This paper reviews work using the lobster stomatogastric system to examine the mechanisms responsible for the modulation of rhythmically active neurons and the potential of neural circuitry to store information through the modulation of the rhythmic activity of single cells. In particular, this article reviews work by Turrigiano et al. [12,13] and LeMasson et al. [44] on the phenomena and potential mechanisms responsible for the homeostatic regulation of cellular rhythmic activity through the regulation of intrinsic ionic conductances.
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Marder E, Abbott LF, Turrigiano GG, Liu Z, Golowasch J. Memory from the dynamics of intrinsic membrane currents. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 93:1996;13481-13486 This paper reviews work using the lobster stomatogastric system to examine the mechanisms responsible for the modulation of rhythmically active neurons and the potential of neural circuitry to store information through the modulation of the rhythmic activity of single cells. In particular, this article reviews work by Turrigiano et al. [12,13] and LeMasson et al. [44] on the phenomena and potential mechanisms responsible for the homeostatic regulation of cellular rhythmic activity through the regulation of intrinsic ionic conductances.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
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Marder, E.1
Abbott, L.F.2
Turrigiano, G.G.3
Liu, Z.4
Golowasch, J.5
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12
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Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic properties of cultured neurons
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Turrigiano G, Abbott LF, Marder E. Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic properties of cultured neurons. Science. 264:1994;974-977.
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Turrigiano, G.1
Abbott, L.F.2
Marder, E.3
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0029017067
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Selective regulation of current densities underlies spontaneous changes in the activity of cultured neurons
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Turrigiano G, LeMasson G, Marder E. Selective regulation of current densities underlies spontaneous changes in the activity of cultured neurons. J Neurosci. 15:1995;3640-3652.
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Turrigiano, G.1
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Marder, E.3
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Purves, D.1
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0019402180
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Govind, C.K.1
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Genetic dissection of structural and functional components of synaptic plasticity. I. Fasciclin II controls synaptic stabilization and growth
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Schuster CM, Davis GW, Fetter RF, Goodman CS. Genetic dissection of structural and functional components of synaptic plasticity. I. Fasciclin II controls synaptic stabilization and growth. Neuron. 17:1996;641-654.
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Schuster, C.M.1
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17
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Matching of facilitation at the neuromuscular junction of the lobster: A possible case for influence of muscle on nerve
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Frank E. Matching of facilitation at the neuromuscular junction of the lobster: a possible case for influence of muscle on nerve. J Physiol. 233:1973;635-658.
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Elsberg CA. Experiments on motor nerve regeneration and the direct neurotization of paralyzed muscles by their own and foreign nerves. Science. 45:1917;318-320.
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Elsberg, C.A.1
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Frank, E.1
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0019366765
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22
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0032485499
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Synapse-specific control of synaptic efficacy at the terminals of a single neuron
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specific mechanisms compensate for altered innervation. Increased muscle innervation is regulated by a decrease in presynaptic release, while reduced muscle innervation is compensated by an increase in postsynaptic quantal size. These mechanisms are shown to be target specific as they occur at different terminals of single motoneurons. of special interest
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Davis GW, Goodman CS. Synapse-specific control of synaptic efficacy at the terminals of a single neuron. of special interest Nature. 1998; Differential muscle expression of the cell adhesion molecule and Fas II is used to alter target innervation. Two target-specific mechanisms compensate for altered innervation. Increased muscle innervation is regulated by a decrease in presynaptic release, while reduced muscle innervation is compensated by an increase in postsynaptic quantal size. These mechanisms are shown to be target specific as they occur at different terminals of single motoneurons.
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(1998)
Nature
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Davis, G.W.1
Goodman, C.S.2
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23
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0030886722
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Genetic analysis of the mechanisms controlling target selection: Target-derived Fasciclin II regulates the pattern of synapse formation
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of special interest. This paper describes experiments utilizing the Gal4 - UAS expression system to selectively manipulate the expression of the cell adhesion molecule Fas II on subsets of muscles. These experiments demonstrate a role for target-derived Fas II in the patterning of synaptic connectivity in the neuromuscular system of Drosophila. A critical period for Fas-II-dependent synaptic rearrangement is demonstrated in the late embryo during the time of growth cone exploration and synapse formation. A model is proposed in which the relative level of Fas II target expression are involved in target selection and the patterning of synaptic connections in this system.
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Davis GW, Schuster CM, Goodman CS. Genetic analysis of the mechanisms controlling target selection: target-derived Fasciclin II regulates the pattern of synapse formation. of special interest Neuron. 19:1997;561-573 This paper describes experiments utilizing the Gal4 - UAS expression system to selectively manipulate the expression of the cell adhesion molecule Fas II on subsets of muscles. These experiments demonstrate a role for target-derived Fas II in the patterning of synaptic connectivity in the neuromuscular system of Drosophila. A critical period for Fas-II-dependent synaptic rearrangement is demonstrated in the late embryo during the time of growth cone exploration and synapse formation. A model is proposed in which the relative level of Fas II target expression are involved in target selection and the patterning of synaptic connections in this system.
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(1997)
Neuron
, vol.19
, pp. 561-573
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Davis, G.W.1
Schuster, C.M.2
Goodman, C.S.3
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24
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0031433172
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The many faces of Fasciclin II: Genetic analysis reveals multiple roles for a cell adhesion molecule during the generation of neuronal specificity
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in press
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Goodman CS, Davis GW, Zito K. The many faces of Fasciclin II: genetic analysis reveals multiple roles for a cell adhesion molecule during the generation of neuronal specificity. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1997;. in press.
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(1997)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol
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Goodman, C.S.1
Davis, G.W.2
Zito, K.3
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25
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0029948786
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Homeostasis of synaptic transmission in Drosophila with genetically altered nerve terminal morphology
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of special interest. This paper describes evidence for a homeostatic regulation of active zone number in response to a genetic manipulation that alters synaptic sprouting. A strong hypomorphic mutation in the Fas II gene that reduces Fas II levels to -10% (wild-type levels) results in a decreased numbers of boutons at the Drosophila NMJ. Synaptic transmission is wild-type, however, as a result of an increase in the number of presynaptic active zones per synaptic bouton.
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Stewart BA, Schuster CM, Goodman CS, Atwood HL. Homeostasis of synaptic transmission in Drosophila with genetically altered nerve terminal morphology. of special interest J Neurosci. 16:1996;3877-3886 This paper describes evidence for a homeostatic regulation of active zone number in response to a genetic manipulation that alters synaptic sprouting. A strong hypomorphic mutation in the Fas II gene that reduces Fas II levels to -10% (wild-type levels) results in a decreased numbers of boutons at the Drosophila NMJ. Synaptic transmission is wild-type, however, as a result of an increase in the number of presynaptic active zones per synaptic bouton.
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(1996)
J Neurosci
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, pp. 3877-3886
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Stewart, B.A.1
Schuster, C.M.2
Goodman, C.S.3
Atwood, H.L.4
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26
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0030273550
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Genetic dissection of structural and functional components of synaptic plasticty. II. Fasciclin II controls presynaptic structural plasticity
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of special interest. Using genetic mutations in Fas II and transgenic overexpression of Fas II, the authors demonstrate that changes in the expression of this adhesion molecule are both necessary and sufficient for activity-dependent and cAMP-dependent synaptic plasticity at the Drosophila NMJ. These results also genetically separate structural from functional plasticity as mutations in Fas II that increase sprouting do not alter synaptic function.
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Schuster CM, Davis GW, Goodman CS. Genetic dissection of structural and functional components of synaptic plasticty. II. Fasciclin II controls presynaptic structural plasticity. of special interest Neuron. 17:1996;655-667 Using genetic mutations in Fas II and transgenic overexpression of Fas II, the authors demonstrate that changes in the expression of this adhesion molecule are both necessary and sufficient for activity-dependent and cAMP-dependent synaptic plasticity at the Drosophila NMJ. These results also genetically separate structural from functional plasticity as mutations in Fas II that increase sprouting do not alter synaptic function.
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(1996)
Neuron
, vol.17
, pp. 655-667
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Schuster, C.M.1
Davis, G.W.2
Goodman, C.S.3
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27
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0026095585
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Molecular cloning of an invertebrate glutamate receptor subunit expressed in Drosophila muscle
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Schuster CM, Ultsch A, Schloss P, Cox JA, Schmitt B, Betz H. Molecular cloning of an invertebrate glutamate receptor subunit expressed in Drosophila muscle. Science. 254:1991;112-114.
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Science
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Schuster, C.M.1
Ultsch, A.2
Schloss, P.3
Cox, J.A.4
Schmitt, B.5
Betz, H.6
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28
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0031445676
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Genetic analysis of glutamate receptors in Drosophila reveals a retrograde signal regulating presynaptic transmitter release
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of special interest. The cloning of a second muscle-specific glutamate receptor is described. Mutations of this glutamate receptor reduce quantal size at the synapse and reveal a compensatory increase in presynaptic transmitter release. These data thus provide evidence for a muscle-to-motoneuron signaling system that regulates presynaptic transmitter release.
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Petersen SA, Fetter RD, Noordermeer JN, Goodman CS, DiAntonio A. Genetic analysis of glutamate receptors in Drosophila reveals a retrograde signal regulating presynaptic transmitter release. of special interest Neuron. 19:1997;1237-1248 The cloning of a second muscle-specific glutamate receptor is described. Mutations of this glutamate receptor reduce quantal size at the synapse and reveal a compensatory increase in presynaptic transmitter release. These data thus provide evidence for a muscle-to-motoneuron signaling system that regulates presynaptic transmitter release.
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(1997)
Neuron
, vol.19
, pp. 1237-1248
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Petersen, S.A.1
Fetter, R.D.2
Noordermeer, J.N.3
Goodman, C.S.4
Diantonio, A.5
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29
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0032007044
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PKA regulates quantal size and reveals a retrograde regulation of presynaptic release in Drosophila
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of special interest. Transgenic manipulation of PKA activity is demonstrated to alter quantal size through the action of PKA on the postsynaptic glutamate receptor DGluRIIA. Increased PKA activity decreases quantal size, whereas reduced PKA activity increases quantal size. Developmentally, a chronic reduction in quantal size is correlated with an increase in presynaptic release, resulting in normal muscle depolarization. These data provide evidence for a retrograde regulation of presynaptic release at the Drosophila NMJ.
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Davis GW, DiAntonio A, Petersen SA, Goodman CS. PKA regulates quantal size and reveals a retrograde regulation of presynaptic release in Drosophila. of special interest Neuron. 20:1998;305-315 Transgenic manipulation of PKA activity is demonstrated to alter quantal size through the action of PKA on the postsynaptic glutamate receptor DGluRIIA. Increased PKA activity decreases quantal size, whereas reduced PKA activity increases quantal size. Developmentally, a chronic reduction in quantal size is correlated with an increase in presynaptic release, resulting in normal muscle depolarization. These data provide evidence for a retrograde regulation of presynaptic release at the Drosophila NMJ.
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(1998)
Neuron
, vol.20
, pp. 305-315
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Davis, G.W.1
Diantonio, A.2
Petersen, S.A.3
Goodman, C.S.4
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Glutamate receptor phosphorylation and synaptic plasticity
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Roche KW, Tingley W, Huganir RL. Glutamate receptor phosphorylation and synaptic plasticity. Curr Biol. 4:1994;383-388.
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Characterization of multiple phosphorylation sites on the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit
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Roche KW, O'Brien RJ, Mammen AL, Bernhardt J, Huganir RL. Characterization of multiple phosphorylation sites on the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit. Neuron. 16:1996;1179-1188.
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Roche, K.W.1
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32
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Maintenance of acetylcholine receptor number by neuregulins at the neuromuscular junction in vivo
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of special interest. Heterozygous ARIA (AChR-inducing activity) knockout mice are shown to have reduced AChR density and a reduction in the mean spontaneous miniature endplate potential amplitude, indicating that these muscles are myasthenic. However, evoked muscle depolarization is normal as a result of increased presynaptic transmitter release. This demonstrates the presence of a muscle-to-nerve compensatory signal capable of stimulating an increase in presynaptic transmitter release, a form of compensation that has been observed in human myasthenic muscle.
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Sandrock AW, Dryer SE, Rosen KM, Gozani SN, Kramer R, Theill LE, Fischbach GD. Maintenance of acetylcholine receptor number by neuregulins at the neuromuscular junction in vivo. of special interest Science. 276:1997;599-604 Heterozygous ARIA (AChR-inducing activity) knockout mice are shown to have reduced AChR density and a reduction in the mean spontaneous miniature endplate potential amplitude, indicating that these muscles are myasthenic. However, evoked muscle depolarization is normal as a result of increased presynaptic transmitter release. This demonstrates the presence of a muscle-to-nerve compensatory signal capable of stimulating an increase in presynaptic transmitter release, a form of compensation that has been observed in human myasthenic muscle.
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Science
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Sandrock, A.W.1
Dryer, S.E.2
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Gozani, S.N.4
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Theill, L.E.6
Fischbach, G.D.7
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0030294789
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Enhanced LTP in mice deficient in the AMPA receptor GluR2
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of special interest. Describes the analysis of the mouse GluR2 knockout. GluR2 is an AMPA receptor that is known to regulate calcium influx. In GluR2 knockout mice, LTP is enhanced, as is the calcium influx in response to application of kainate. In addition, there is a reduction in the AMPA receptor current, although no change was observed in the NMDA current. Several mechanisms are discussed that could account for the change in AMPA current, including altered assembly of the remaining glutamate receptor subunits in these knockout mice.
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Jia Z, Agopyan N, Miu P, Xiong Z, Henderson J, Gerlai R, Taverna FA, Velumian A, MacDonald J, Carlen P, et al. Enhanced LTP in mice deficient in the AMPA receptor GluR2. of special interest Neuron. 17:1996;945-956 Describes the analysis of the mouse GluR2 knockout. GluR2 is an AMPA receptor that is known to regulate calcium influx. In GluR2 knockout mice, LTP is enhanced, as is the calcium influx in response to application of kainate. In addition, there is a reduction in the AMPA receptor current, although no change was observed in the NMDA current. Several mechanisms are discussed that could account for the change in AMPA current, including altered assembly of the remaining glutamate receptor subunits in these knockout mice.
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(1996)
Neuron
, vol.17
, pp. 945-956
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Jia, Z.1
Agopyan, N.2
Miu, P.3
Xiong, Z.4
Henderson, J.5
Gerlai, R.6
Taverna, F.A.7
Velumian, A.8
MacDonald, J.9
Carlen, P.10
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36
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0029761783
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Modification of NMDA receptor channels and synaptic transmission by targeted disruption of the NR2C gene
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Ebralidze AK, Rossi DJ, Tonegawa S, Slater NT. Modification of NMDA receptor channels and synaptic transmission by targeted disruption of the NR2C gene. J Neurosci. 16:1996;5014-5025.
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Ebralidze, A.K.1
Rossi, D.J.2
Tonegawa, S.3
Slater, N.T.4
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37
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0030460425
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Subregion- And cell type-restricted gene knockout in mouse brain
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of special interest. The authors have established a technique for subregion- and cell-type-specific gene knockout in the mouse CNS. This technique could allow the analysis of gene knockouts that would otherwise be embryonic lethal. In addition, this technique will greatly refine the genetic, non-invasive methods for investigation of the cellular basis of complex behavior.
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Tsien JZ, Chen DF, Gerber D, Tom C, Mercer EH, Anderson DJ, Mayford M, Kandel ER, Tonegawa S. Subregion- and cell type-restricted gene knockout in mouse brain. of special interest Cell. 87:1996;1317-1326 The authors have established a technique for subregion- and cell-type-specific gene knockout in the mouse CNS. This technique could allow the analysis of gene knockouts that would otherwise be embryonic lethal. In addition, this technique will greatly refine the genetic, non-invasive methods for investigation of the cellular basis of complex behavior.
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(1996)
Cell
, vol.87
, pp. 1317-1326
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Tsien, J.Z.1
Chen, D.F.2
Gerber, D.3
Tom, C.4
Mercer, E.H.5
Anderson, D.J.6
Mayford, M.7
Kandel, E.R.8
Tonegawa, S.9
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38
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0030446363
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The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory
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of special interest. This paper describes the use of Cre/LoxP gene knockout technology to selectively knock out the NMDA receptor (NR1) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Mutant mice survive to adulthood, in contrast to traditional NMDAR1 knockout mice, which die neonatally. The mutant mice described here have a complete loss of LTP in the CA1 region and a dramatic reduction in spatial memory.
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Tsien JZ, Huerta PT, Tonegawa S. The essential role of hippocampal CA1 NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in spatial memory. of special interest Cell. 87:1996;1327-1338 This paper describes the use of Cre/LoxP gene knockout technology to selectively knock out the NMDA receptor (NR1) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Mutant mice survive to adulthood, in contrast to traditional NMDAR1 knockout mice, which die neonatally. The mutant mice described here have a complete loss of LTP in the CA1 region and a dramatic reduction in spatial memory.
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(1996)
Cell
, vol.87
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Guo H-F, Inge T, Jannan F, Bernards A, Zhong Y. Requirement of Drosophila NF1 for activation of adenylyl cyclase by PACAP38-like neuropeptides. of special interest Science. 276:1997;795-798 The Drosophila homologue of NF1, the human neurofibromatosis type 1 tumor suppressor protein, is shown genetically to mediate the cellular response to PACAP-38 (pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptide 38). These results have implications not only for the formation and plasticity of this synapse, but also for the elucidation of NF1 signaling involved in human cancer.
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Davis GW, Schuster CM, Goodman CS. Genetic dissection of structural and functional components of synaptic plasticity. III. CREB is necessary for presynaptic functional plasticity. of special interest Neuron. 17:1996;669-679 The signal transduction cascade controlling the cAMP-dependent functional plasticity at the Drosophila NMJ is demonstrated to require CREB activation. A model is presented based on the genetic separation and genetic reconstitution of cAMP-dependent synaptic plasticity whereby increased cAMP leads to both a downregulation of presynaptic Fas II that is necessary for synaptic sprouting and an increased CREB activation that is required in parallel with Fas-II-dependent sprouting to achieve a cAMP-dependent increase in synaptic strength.
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Davis, G.W.1
Schuster, C.M.2
Goodman, C.S.3
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43
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of special interest. This article reviews recent work in Drosophila and Aplysia on the molecular mechanisms controlling activity and serotonin-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity. This review also proposes an interesting hypothesis that the regulation of cell adhesion molecule expression at the synapse, which is necessary and sufficient to cause synaptic sprouting in Drosophila and most likely Aplysia, may be a molecular tag for identifying synapses that will undergo activity-dependent synaptic strengthening.
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Martin KC, Kandel ER. Cell adhesion molecules, CREB, and the formation of new synaptic connections. of special interest Neuron. 17:1996;567-570 This article reviews recent work in Drosophila and Aplysia on the molecular mechanisms controlling activity and serotonin-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity. This review also proposes an interesting hypothesis that the regulation of cell adhesion molecule expression at the synapse, which is necessary and sufficient to cause synaptic sprouting in Drosophila and most likely Aplysia, may be a molecular tag for identifying synapses that will undergo activity-dependent synaptic strengthening.
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Martin, K.C.1
Kandel, E.R.2
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48
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Control of memory formation through regulated expression of CaMKIIalpha transgene
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of special interest. This paper describes experiments using tetracycline-dependent gene knockout technology to selectively manipulate the expression of a mutant form of CaMKIIalpha. These experiments describe both the temporal and spatial manipulation of this transgene, specifically in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, as well as in the striatum and amygdala. These experiments demonstrate that reversible expression of the mutant CaMKIIalpha transgene in the CA1 region could reversibly impair LTP in the 5 to 10 Hz stimulation frequency range.
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Mayford M, Bach ME, Huang YY, Wang L, Hawkins RD, Kandel ER. Control of memory formation through regulated expression of CaMKIIalpha transgene. of special interest Science. 274:1996;1678-1683 This paper describes experiments using tetracycline-dependent gene knockout technology to selectively manipulate the expression of a mutant form of CaMKIIalpha. These experiments describe both the temporal and spatial manipulation of this transgene, specifically in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, as well as in the striatum and amygdala. These experiments demonstrate that reversible expression of the mutant CaMKIIalpha transgene in the CA1 region could reversibly impair LTP in the 5 to 10 Hz stimulation frequency range.
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Mayford, M.1
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Huang, Y.Y.3
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Hawkins, R.D.5
Kandel, E.R.6
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49
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0030476713
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Mice expressing activated CaMKII lack low frequency LTP and do not form stable place cell in the CA1 region of the hippocampus
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of special interest. This paper demonstrates the power of recent genetic methods for correlating cellular physiology and behavior. Place cells are examined in freely behaving transgenic mice that express a mutant, calcium-independent form of CaMKII. Physiologically, these mice have impaired LTP in the 5-10 Hz range, but normal LTP at 100 Hz stimulation. Place cells in the hippocampus are less common, less precise and less stable when compared to wild-type mice. These results indicate the importance of low-frequency LTP in the establishment and function of spatial maps in the freely behaving mouse, and implicate CaMKII in this process.
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Rotenberg A, Mayford M, Hawkins RD, Kandel ER, Muller RU. Mice expressing activated CaMKII lack low frequency LTP and do not form stable place cell in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. of special interest Cell. 87:1996;1351-1361 This paper demonstrates the power of recent genetic methods for correlating cellular physiology and behavior. Place cells are examined in freely behaving transgenic mice that express a mutant, calcium-independent form of CaMKII. Physiologically, these mice have impaired LTP in the 5-10 Hz range, but normal LTP at 100 Hz stimulation. Place cells in the hippocampus are less common, less precise and less stable when compared to wild-type mice. These results indicate the importance of low-frequency LTP in the establishment and function of spatial maps in the freely behaving mouse, and implicate CaMKII in this process.
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Rotenberg, A.1
Mayford, M.2
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Kandel, E.R.4
Muller, R.U.5
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50
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0031240002
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Memory and behavior: A second generation of genetically modified mice
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of special interest. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in genetic technology in the mouse, and the application of these techniques to the study of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Techniques are discussed that range from more standard genetic knockouts to subregion-specific gene knockout technology using the Cre/LoxP system and to the temporal and spatial control of gene knockout using antibiotic-dependent gene knockout technology.
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Mayford M, Mansuy IM, Muller RU, Kandel ER. Memory and behavior: a second generation of genetically modified mice. of special interest Curr Biol. 7:1997;580-589 This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in genetic technology in the mouse, and the application of these techniques to the study of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Techniques are discussed that range from more standard genetic knockouts to subregion-specific gene knockout technology using the Cre/LoxP system and to the temporal and spatial control of gene knockout using antibiotic-dependent gene knockout technology.
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Kandel, E.R.4
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51
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0030952362
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Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory
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of special interest. This paper presents a transgenic approach to the analysis of PKA function during long-term synaptic plasticity and memory. PKA activity was trangenically reduced specifically in the hippocampus and other regions of the forebrain by expressing a mutant form of a PKA regulatory subunit by the CaMKII promoter. This transgenic approach not only targets specific regions of the brain, but also correlates physiological and behavioral deficits with PKA activity in these regions. These authors demonstrated that inhibition of PKA causes a reduction in late LTP, without altering basal synaptic transmission. These changes in late LTP are correlated with deficits in long-term, but not short-term, memory.
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Abel T, Nguyen PV, Barad M, Deuel TAS, Kandel ER, Bourtchouladze R. Genetic demonstration of a role for PKA in the late phase of LTP and in hippocampus-based long-term memory. of special interest Cell. 88:1997;615-626 This paper presents a transgenic approach to the analysis of PKA function during long-term synaptic plasticity and memory. PKA activity was trangenically reduced specifically in the hippocampus and other regions of the forebrain by expressing a mutant form of a PKA regulatory subunit by the CaMKII promoter. This transgenic approach not only targets specific regions of the brain, but also correlates physiological and behavioral deficits with PKA activity in these regions. These authors demonstrated that inhibition of PKA causes a reduction in late LTP, without altering basal synaptic transmission. These changes in late LTP are correlated with deficits in long-term, but not short-term, memory.
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Abel, T.1
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