Independent regulation of cytokine genes in T cells: The paradox in the paradigm

Transplantation

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-5

  Fitzpatrick, David R ^a   Kelso, Anne ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE;

GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GRAFT REJECTION; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE;

ANIMALS; CELL CYCLE; CYTOKINES; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; MODELS, GENETIC; T-LYMPHOCYTES; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS;

EID: 0031936770     PISSN: 00411337     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199801150-00002     Document Type: Review

References (57)

1. Abbas AK, Murphy KM, Sher A. Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 1996; 383: 787.
2. Mosmann TR, Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol Today 1996; 17: 138.
3. Kelso A. Th1 and Th2 subsets: paradigms lost? Immunol Today 1995; 16: 374.
4. Ihle J. Cytokine receptor signaling. Nature 1995; 377: 591.
5. Shimoda K, van Deursen J, Sangster MY, et al. Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disrupted State gene. Nature 1996; 380: 630.
6. Thierfelder WE, van Deursen J, Yamamoto K, et al. Requirement for Stat4 in interleukin-12-mediated responses of natural killer and T cells. Nature 1996; 382: 171.
7. Zheng W-P, Flavell RA. The transcription factor GATA-3 is necessary and sufficient for Th2 cytokine gene expression in CD4 T cells. Cell 1997; 89: 587.
8. Cantrell D. T cell antigen receptor signal transduction pathways. Annu Rev Immunol 1996; 14: 259.
9. Egerton M, Fitzpatrick DR, Catling AD, Kelso A. Differential activation of T cell cytokine production by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26: 2279.
10. Fraser JD, Straus D, Weiss A. Signal transduction events leading to T-cell lymphokine gene expression. Immunol Today 1993; 14: 357.
11. Rao A. NFATp, a cyclosporin-sensitive transcription factor implicated in cytokine gene induction. J Leukocyte Biol 1995; 57: 536.
12. Baldwin AS. The NF-kappa B and I kappa B proteins: new discoveries and insights. Annu Rev Immunol 1996; 14: 649.
13. Foletta VC. The transcription factor AP-1, and the role of Fra-2. Immunol Cell Biol 1996; 74: 121.
14. Rothenberg EV, Ward SB. A dynamic assembly of diverse transcription factors integrates activation and cell-type information for interleukin 2 gene regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 9358.
15. Wang C-Y, Bassuk AG, Boise LH, Thompson CB, Bravo R, Leiden JM. Activation of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter in T cells requires cooperative binding of Elf-1 and AP-1 transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14: 1153.
16. Cockerill PN, Bert AG, Jenkins F, Ryan GR, Shannon MF, Vadas MA. Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhancer function is associated with cooperative interactions between AP-1 and NFATp/c. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15: 2071.
17. Rooney JW, Hoey T, Glimcher LH. Coordinate and cooperative roles for NFAT and AP-1 in the regulation of the murine IL-4 gene. Immunity 1995; 2: 473.
18. Gerondakis S, Strasser A, Metcalf D, Grigoriades G, Scheerlinck JY, Grumont RJ. Rel-deficient T cells exhibit defects in production of interleukin 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 3405.
19. Hodge MR, Ranger AM, de la Brousse FC, Hoey T, Grusby MJ, Glimcher LH. Hyperproliferation and dysregulation of IL-4 expression in NFATp-deficient mice. Immunity 1996; 4: 397.
20. Cosman D. Control of messenger RNA stability. Immunol Today 1987; 8: 16.
21. Lagnado CA, Brown CY, Goodall GJ. AUUUA is not sufficient to promote polyA shortening and degradation of mRNA: the functional sequence within AU-rich elements may be UUAUUUA(U/A)(U/A). Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14: 7984.
22. Lindsten T, June CH, Ledbetter JA, Stella G, Thompson CB. Regulation of lymphokine mRNA stability by a surface-mediated T cell activation pathway. Science 1989; 244: 339.
23. Kelso A, Owens T. Production of two hemopoietic growth factors is differentially regulated in single T lymphocytes activated with an anti-T cell receptor antibody. J Immunol 1988; 140: 1159.
24. Kelso A, Gough NM. Differential inhibition by cyclosporin A reveals two pathways for activation of lymphokine synthesis in T cells. Growth Factors 1989; 1: 165.
25. Millet I, Ruddle NH. Differential regulation of lymphotoxin, lymphotoxin-β and TNF-α in murine T cell clones activated through the TCR. J Immunol 1994; 152: 4336.
26. Naora H, Altin JG, Young IG. TCR-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms differentially regulate lymphokine gene expression in the murine T helper clone D10.G4.1. J Immunol 1994; 152: 5691.
27. Fitzpatrick DR, Kelso A. Dissociated expression of granulocyte-macrophage CSF and IL-3 in short-term T cell clones from normal mice. J Immunol 1995; 155: 5140.
28. Sewell WA, Mu H-H. Dissociation of production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-5. Immunol Cell Biol 1996; 74: 274.
29. Bucy RP, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Huang G, et al. Heterogeneity of single cell cytokine gene expression in clonal T cell populations. J Exp Med 1994; 180: 1251.
30. + T cells. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 1591.
31. + T helper cell phenotype development in a T cell receptor-αβ-transgenic model. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 1579.
32. Viola A, Lanzavecchia A. T cell activation determined by T cell receptor number and tunable thresholds. Science 1996; 273: 104.
33. Madrenas J, Wange RL, Wang JL, Isakov N, Samelson LE, Germain RN. ξ-phosphorylation without ZAP-70 activation induced by TCR antagonists or partial agonists. Science 1995; 267: 515.
34. Kersch GJ, Allen PM. Essential flexibility in the T-cell recognition of antigen. Nature 1996; 380: 495.
35. Grough NM, Kelso A. GM-CSF expression is preferential to multi-CSP (IL-3) expression in murine T lymphocyte clones. Growth Factors 1989; 1: 287.
36. Mondino A, Jenkins MK. Surface proteins involved in T cell costimulation. J Leukocyte Biol 1994; 55: 805.
37. Lenschow DJ, Walunas TL, Bluestone JA. CD28/B7 system of T cell costimulation. Annu Rev Immunol 1996; 14: 233.
38. Rudd CE. Upstream-downstream: CD28 cosignaling pathways and T cell function. Immunity 1996; 4: 527.
39. Kelso A, Glasebrook AL. Secretion of interleukin 2, macrophage-activating factor, interferon, and colony-stimulating factor by alloreactive T lymphocyte clones. J Immunol 1984; 132: 2924.
40. Sanderson CJ, Strath M, Warren DJ, O'Garra A, Kirkwood TBL. The production of lymphokines by primary alloreactive T-cell clones: a co-ordinate analysis of 233 clones in seven lymphokine assays. Immunology 1985; 56: 575.
41. Kelso A, Gough NM. Coexpression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, γ-interferon, and interleukins 3 and 4 is random in murine alloreactive T-lymphocyte clones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 9189.
42. Street NE, Schumacher JH, Fong TA, et al. Heterogeneity of mouse helper T cells: evidence from bulk cultures and limiting dilution cloning for precursors of Th1 and Th2 cells. J Immunol 1990; 144: 1629.
43. + T cells and clones activated in vivo and in vitro. Immunol Rev 1991; 123: 85.
44. + T cell can give rise to progeny expressing type 1 and/or type 2 cytokine genes and can retain its multipotentiality through many cell divisions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 8070.
45. + T cells activated in a T helper type 2-like response in vivo. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25: 1168.
46. Assenmacher M, Schmitz J, Radbruch A. Flow cytometric determination of cytokines in activated murine T helper lymphocytes: expression of interleukin-10 in interferon-γ and in interleukin-4-expressing cells. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24: 1097.
47. + T-cell phenotype development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 7565.
48. Openshaw P, Murphy EE, Hosken NA, et al. Heterogeneity of intracellular cytokine synthesis at the single-cell level in polarized T helper 1 and T helper 2 populations. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 1357.
49. Picker LJ, Singh MK, Zdraveski Z, et al. Direct demonstration of cytokine synthesis heterogeneity among human memory/effector T cells by flow cytometry. Blood 1995; 86: 1408.
50. + T cells, analyzed at the single-cell level. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 473.
51. Daynes RA, Araneo BA, Dowell TA, Huang K, Dudley D. Regulation of murine lymphokine production in vivo. III. The lymphoid tissue microenvironment exerts regulatory influences over T helper cell function. J Exp Med 1990; 171: 979.
52. Meeusen EN, Premier RR, Brandon MR. Tissue-specific migration of lymphocytes: a key role for Th1 and Th2 cells? Immunol Today 1996; 17: 421.
53. Doherty PC. Anatomical environment as a determinant in viral immunity. J Immunol 1995; 155: 1023.
54. Baumgarth N, Kelso A. Functionally distinct T cells in three compartments of the respiratory tract after influenza virus infection. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26: 2189.
55. Baumgarth N, Brown L, Jackson D, Kelso A. Novel features of the respiratory tract T-cell response to influenza virus infection: lung T cells increase expression of gamma interferon mRNA in vivo and maintain high levels of mRNA expression for interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-10. J Virol 1994; 68: 7575.
56. Baumgarth N, Egerton M, Kelso A. Activated T cells from draining lymph nodes and an effector site differ in their responses to TCR stimulation. J Immunol 1997; 159: 1182.
57. Austrup F, Vestweber D, Borges E, et al. P- and E-selectin mediate recruitment of T-helper 1 but not T-helper-2-cells into inflamed tissues. Nature 1997; 385: 81.