Enteral nutrition

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 151-156

  Keith, M E ^a   Jeejeebhoy, K N ^a  

^a ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL SURGERY; BACTERIAL TRANSLOCATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; ENTERIC FEEDING; ESOPHAGUS VARICES BLEEDING; FEEDING; HUMAN; HYPERMETABOLISM; IMMUNOMODULATION; INFECTIOUS COMPLICATION; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT; OVERNUTRITION; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0031909444     PISSN: 02671379     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001574-199803000-00012     Document Type: Review

References (27)

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2. Moore FA, Moore EE, Jones TN, McCroskey BL, Peterson VM: TEN vs TPN following major abdominal trauma: reduced septic morbidity. J Trauma 1989, 29:916-925.
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4. The Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group: Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:525-532.
5. Lowry SF: The route of feeding influences injury responses. J Trauma 1990, 30:S10-S15.
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9. Reynolds JV, Kanwar S, Welsh FKS, Windsor ACJ, Murchan P, Barclay •• GR, Guillow PJ: Does the route of feeding modify gut barrier function and clinical outcome in patients after major upper gastrointestinal surgery? JPEN J Patenter Enteral Nutr 1997, 21:196-201. This study is a randomized clinical trial comparing the effect of early enterai or parenteral nutrition support on gut barrier function and infectious complications in 67 patients with cancer after major gastrointestinal surgery. No clinical benefit was observed in the enterally fed group in comparison with the parenterally fed group, suggesting that the route of nutrition support does not influence bacterial translocation or the subsequent incidence of infectious complications.
10. Shirabe K, Matsumata T, Shimada M, Takenaka K, Kawahara N, Yamamoto K, Nishizaki T, Sugimachi K: A comparison of parenteral hyperalimentation and early enterai feeding regarding systemic immunity after major hepatic resection-the results of a randomized prospective study. Hepatogastoenterology 1997, 44:205-209.
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14. Jenkins M, Gottschlich M, Warden G: Enterai feeding during operative procedures in thermal injuries. J Burn Care Rehabil 1994, 15:199-205.
15. Beier Holgersen R, Boesby S: Influence of postoperative enterai nutrition on postsurgical infections. Gut 1996, 36:833-835.
16. Raff T, Hartmann B, Germann G: Early intragstric feeding of seriously • burned and long-term ventilated patients: a review of 55 patients. Burns 1997, 23:19-25. This retrospective study examined the feasibility of early intragastric feeding in burn patients. This group reported that 81.8% of patients tolerated early intragastric feeding; however, a time lag of more than 18 hours before initiation of feeding decreased the success rate. Early feeding was associated with decreased mortality.
17. de Lédinghen V, Beau P, Mannant P-R, Borderie C, Ripault M-P, Silvain C, • Beauchant M: Early feeding or enterai nutrition in patients with cirrhosis after bleeding from esophageal varices? A randomized controlled study. Dig Dis Sci 1997, 42:536-541. This randomized, controlled trial investigated the nutritional and clinical benefits of early enterai feeding in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal bleeding. Early enterai feeding was associated with improved nitrogen balance in patients in comparison with those receiving no nutrition support. However, early enterai feeding did not result in any clinically significant benefits in liver function or nutritional status. Concerns are raised regarding the possible interaction of nutrition support and the early reoccurrence of esophageal bleeding.
18. 14C-leucine. This group found no difference in protein oxidation or synthesis between groups; however, there was significantly less protein catabolism in patients receiving enterai nutrition support as well as improved nitrogen balance. In addition, the respiratory quotient, insulin levels, and levels of circulating free fatty acids were also significantly increased in the enterally fed group, suggesting a sparing of protein and decreased endogenous fat oxidation.
19. Braga M, Gianotti L, Costantini E, et al.: Impact of enterai nutrition on Intestinal bacterial translocation and mortality in burned mice. Clin Nutr 1994, 13:256-261.
20. Gianotti L, Tchervenkov JI: Stimulatory effect of intra-luminal nutriment on burned guinea pig intestinal mucosa. Riv Ital Nutr Parent Ent 1992, 10:112-118.
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22. Moore FA, Moore EE, Kudsk KA, Brown RO, Bower RH, Koruda MJ, Baker CC, Barbul A: Clinical benefits of an immune-enhancing diet for early postlnjury enteral feeding. J Trauma 1994, 37:607-615.
23. Bower RH, Cerra FB, Bershadsky B, Licari JL, Hoyt DB, Jensen GL, Van Buren CT, Rothkopf MM, Daly JM, Adelsberg BR: Early enterai administration of a formula (Impact®) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in Intensive care unit patients: Results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Crit Care Med 1995, 23:436-449.
24. Braga M, Vignali A, Gianotti L, Cestari A, Profili M, Di Carlo V: Immune and nutritional effects of early enterai nutrition after major abdominal operations. Eur J Surg 1996, 162:105-112.
25. Kudsk KA, Minard G, Croce MA, Brown RO, Lowrey TS, Pritchard FE, •• Dickerson RN, Fabian TC: A randomized trial of isonitrogenous enteral diets after severe trauma. Ann Surg 1996, 4:531-543. This randomized, controlled trial compared septic outcome in trauma patients receiving an enterai diet enriched with arginine, glutamine, omega-three fatty acids, and nucleotides in comparison with an isonitrogenous, isocaloric control diet or no feeding. The IED was associated with significantly fewer major infectious complications in comparison with either the standard diet or the unfed group. The experimental diet was also associated with significantly fewer days in hospital, decreased use of antibiotics, and a decreased incidence of abdominal abscess. The authors concluded that the IED was the preferred diet for patients after severe blunt and penetrating trauma who were at risk for septic complications.
26. Senkal M, Mumme A, Eickoff U, Geier B, Späth G, Wulfert D, Joosten U, Frei A, Kemen M: Early postoperative enterai immunonutrition: clinical outcome and cost-comparison analysis in surgical patients. Crit Care Med 1997, 25:1489-1496.
27. Mendez C, Jurkovich GJ, Garcia I, Davis D, Parker A, Maier RV: Effects of an immune-enhancing diet in critically injured patients. J Trauma Injury Crit Care 1997, 42:933-941.