The pharmacology of the ductus arteriosus

Pharmacological Reviews

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 35-50

  Smith, Gordon C S ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CROMAKALIM; ENDOTHELIN A RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; FORSKOLIN; INDOMETACIN; NITRIC OXIDE DONOR; POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; POTASSIUM CHANNEL STIMULATING AGENT; PROSTAGLANDIN DERIVATIVE; PROSTAGLANDIN E RECEPTOR; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; PROSTAGLANDIN H; PROSTAGLANDIN RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; PROSTAGLANDIN RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; PROSTANOID; PROSTANOID RECEPTOR; SULINDAC;

DRUG EFFECT; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS; PREGNANCY; PREMATURE LABOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASOCONSTRICTION; VASODILATATION;

ANIMALS; ARACHIDONIC ACIDS; CALCIUM; CARBON MONOXIDE; CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS; DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS; DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT; ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV; FEMALE; HUMANS; LABOR, OBSTETRIC; MEMBRANE POTENTIALS; NITRIC OXIDE; OXYGEN; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; PREGNANCY; PROSTAGLANDINS; RECEPTORS, PROSTAGLANDIN; SULINDAC; VASOCONSTRICTION;

EID: 0031898305     PISSN: 00316997     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (193)

1. Abramovitz M, Adam M, Boie Y, Grygorczyk R, Rushmore TH, Nguyen T, Funk CD. Bastien L, Sawyer N. Rochette C, Slipetz DM and Metters KM (1995) Human prostanoid receptors: Cloning and characterization. Adv Prostaglandin Thrombox ane Leukotriene Res 23:499-504.
2. Anderson DF, Bissonnette JM, Faber JJ and Thornburg KL (1981) Central shunt Hows and pressures in the mature fetal lamb. Am J Physiol 241:H415-H420.
3. Arishima K, Takizawa T, Oda T, Yamamoto M, Togashi H, Somiya H and Eguchi Y (1995) Propranolol inhibits the spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus in newborn rats. J Vet Med Sci 57:943-944.
4. Aronson S, Gennser G, Owman CH and Sjoberg NO (1970) Innervation and contractile response of human ductus arteriosus. Eur J Pharmarol 11:178-186.
5. Azancot-Benisty A, Benifla JL, Matias A, De-Crepy A and Madelenut P (1995) Constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus during prenatal betamethasone therapy. Obstet Gynecol 85:874-876.
6. Ball EG, Strittmatter CF and Cooper O (1951) The reaction of cytochrome oxidase with carbon monoxide J Biol Chem 193:635-647.
7. 2 subtype. J Biol Chem 269:11873-11877.
8. Beech DJ, Zhang H, Nakao K and Bolton TB (1993) Potassium channel activation by nucleotide diphosphates and its inhibition by glibenclamide in vascular smooth muscle cells Br J Pharmacol 110:573-582.
9. Bodach E, Coceani F, Dumbrille A, Okpako DT and Olley PM (1980) The response of the isolated ductus arteriosus to transmural stimulation and drugs. Br J Pharmacol 71:419-427.
10. Boie Y, Rushmore TH, Darmon-Goodwin A, Grygorczyk R, Slipetz DM, Metters KM and Abramovitz M (1994) Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostanoid IP receptor J Biol Chem 269:12173-12178.
11. Boreus LO, McMurphy DM and Olson L (1969) Demonstration of adrenergic receptor function and innervation in the ductus arteriosus of the human fetus. Acta Physiol Scand 77:316-321.
12. Born GVR, Dawes GS, Mott JC and Rennick BR (1955) The relief of central cyanosis caused by pulmonary arterio-venous shunts by creation of an artificial ductus arteriosus. J Physiol 130:167-190.
13. Boyd JD (1941) The nerve supply of the mammalian ductus arteriosus. J Anat 75:457-468.
14. Bray KM, Weston AH, Duty S, Newgreen DT, Longmore J, Edwards G and Brown TJ (1991) Differences between the effects of cromakalim and nifedipine on agonist-induced responses in rabbit aorta. Br J Pharmacol 102:337-344.
15. Bustamante SA, Pang Y, Romero S, Pierce MR, Voelker CA, Thompson JH, Sandoval M, Liu X and Miller MJS (1996) Inducible nitric oxide synthase and the regulation of central vessel caliber in the fetal rat Circulation 94:1948-1953.
16. Carlan SJ, O'Brien WF, O'Leary TD and Mastrogiannis D (1992) Randomized comparative trial of indomethacin and sulindac for the treatment of refractory preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol 79:223-228.
17. 450 is not required for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol 263:L446-L453.
18. Chatfield BA, McMurty IF, Hall SL and Abman SH (1991) Hemodynamic effects of endothelin-1 on ovine fetal pulmonary circulation. Am J Physiol 261:R182-R187.
19. Clyman RI (1987) Ductus arteriosus: Current theories of prenatal and postnatal regulation. Semin Perinatol 11:64-71.
20. Clyman RI, Campbell D, Heymann MA and Mauray F (1985) Persistent responsiveness of the neonatal ductus arteriosus in immature lambs: A possible cause for reopening of patent ductus arteriosus after indomethacin-induced closure. Circulation 71:141-145.
21. Clyman RI, Evans S and Koch C (1997a) Hypoxia initiates ductus arteriosus remodeling. Pediatr Res 41:19A.
22. 1 at high and low oxygen concentrations. Prostaglandins 13:219-223.
23. 2 formation in the lamb ductus arteriosus. Prostaglandins 18:721-730.
24. Clyman RI, Mauray F, Demers LM, Rudolph AM and Roman C (1980a) Does oxygen regulate proetaglandin-induced relaxation in the lamb ductus arteriosus. Prostaglandins 19:489-498.
25. Clyman RI, Mauray F, Heymann MA and Roman C (1987) Cardiovascular effects of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm lambs with respiratory distress. J Pediatr 111:579-587.
26. Clyman RI, Mauray F, Heymann MA and Roman C (1989a) Influence of increased pulmonary vascular pressures on the closure of the ductus arteriosus in newborn lambs. Pediatr Res 25:136-142.
27. Clyman RI, Mauray F, Heymann MA and Rudolph AM (1978a) Ductus arteriosus Developmental response to oxygen and indomethacin. Prostaglandins 15:993-998.
28. 2) by the ductus arteriosus of fetal lambe at different stages of gestation. Prostaglandins 16:33-642.
29. 1 Prostaglandins. 16:259-264.
30. 2. Circulation 68:433-436.
31. 2 J Pediatr 102:907-911.
32. Clyman RI, Mauray F, Roman C, Heymann MA, Ballard PL, Rudolph AM and Payne B (1981a) Effects of antenatal glucocorticoid on ductus arteriosus of preterm lambs. Am J Physiol 241:H415-H420.
33. 2 concentrations and patent ductus arteriosus in fetal and neonatal lambs. J Pediatr 97:455-461.
34. 2. J Pediatr 96:126-128.
35. Clyman RI, Mauray F, Rudolph AM and Heymann MA (1980c) Age-dependent sensitivity of the lamb ductus arteriosus to indomethacin and prostaglandins. J Pediatr 98:94-98.
36. Clyman RI, Saugstad OD and Mauray F (1989b) Reactive oxygen metabolites relax the lamb ductus arteriosus by stimulating prostaglandin production. Circ Res 64:1-8.
37. Clyman RI, Waleh N, Black S and Riemer RK (1997b) Nitric oxide (NO) vasa vasorum (vv) and the ductus arteriosus Pediatr Res 41:143A
38. Clyman RI, Wong L, Heymann MA and Rudolph AM (1978d) Responsiveness of the lamb ductus arteriosus to prostaglandins and their metabolites Prostaglandins 15:325-331.
39. 450 endothelin and nitric oxide. Biochem Pharmacol 48:1315-1318.
40. Coceani F and Kelsey L (1991) Endothelin-1 release from lamb ductus arteriosus: Relevance to postnatal closure of the vessel. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 69:218-221.
41. Coceani F and Olley PM (1973) The response of the ductus arteriosus to prostaglandins Can J Physiol Pharmacol 51:220-225.
42. Coceani F and Olley PM (1988) The control of cardiovascular shunts in the fetal and perinatal period Can J Physiol Pharmacol 66:1129-1134.
43. Coceani F, Armstrong C and Kelsey L (1989a) Endothelin is a potent constrictor of the lamb ductus arteriosus. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 67:902-904.
44. Coceani F, Bishai I, White E, Bodach E and Olley PM (1978a) Action of prostaglandins endoperoxides and thromboxanes on the lamb ductus arteriosus. Am J Physiol 234:H117-H122.
45. 1 is a potent relaxant of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Prostaglandins 19:109-113
46. 2 on the lamb ductus arteriosus. Prostaglandins 15:551-556
47. 450-mediated reaction in the contractile tension of the lamb ductus arteriosus. Circ Res 62:471-477.
48. 450-linked monooxygenase: Involvement in the lamb ductus arteriosus. Am J Physiol 246: H640-H643.
49. 2 in prenatal patency of the lamb ductus arteriosus. Can J Physio Pharmacol 64:737-744.
50. Coceani F, Jhamandas VM, Bodach E, Labuc J and Borgeat P (1982) Evidence against a role for lipoxygenase-derived products of arachidonic acid in the lamb ductus arteriosus. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 60:345-349.
51. 450 during ontogenic development: Occurrence in the ductus arteriosus and other tissues Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72:217-226
52. Coceani F, Kelsey L and Siedlitz E (1992) Evidence for an effector role of endothelin in closure of ductus arteriosus at birth. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 70:1061-1064
53. Coceani F, Kelsey L and Siedlitz E (1994b) Occurrence of endothelium-derived relaxing factor-nitric oxide in the lamb ductus arteriosus. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72:82-88.
54. Coceani F, Kelsey L and Seidlitz E (1996a) Carbon monoxide-induced relaxation of the ductus arteriosus in the lamb: Evidence against the prime role of guanylyl cyclase. Br J Pharmacol 118:1689-1696.
55. 450. Br J Pharmacol 117:1586-1592.
56. Coceani F, Kelsey L, Seidlitz E, Marks GS, McLaughlin BE, Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK, Rabinovitch M and Ackerley C (1997) Carbon monoxide formation in the ductus arteriosus in the lamb: Implications for the regulation of muscle tone. Br J Pharmacol 120:599-608.
57. 2. Prostaglandins 9:299-308
58. Coceani F, White E, Bodach E and Olley PM (1979) Age-dependent changes in the response of the lamb ductus arteriosus to oxygen and ibuprofen. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 57:825-831
59. 450 in oxygen constriction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 67:1448-1450.
60. Colbert MC, Kirby ML and Robbins J (1996) Endogenous retinoic acid signaling colocalizes with advanced expression of the adult smooth muscle heavy chain isoform during development of the ductus arteriosus. Circ Res 78:790-798.
61. Colemau RA, Grix SP, Head SA, Louttit JB, Mallett A and Sheldrick RLG (1994a) A novel inhibitory prostanoid receptor in piglet saphenous vein. Prostaglandins 47:151-168.
62. Coleman RA, Kennedy I, Humphrey FPA, Bunce K and Lumley P (1990) Prostanoids and their receptors, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Hansch C, Sammen PG and Taylor JB, eds) vol 3 pp 643-714, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
63. Coleman RA, Smith WL and Narumiya S (1994b) The VIII International Union of Pharmacology classification of prostanoid receptors: Properties distribution and structure of the receptors and their sub-types. Pharmacol Rev 46:205-229.
64. 2+ than aorta or main pulmonary artery. Cardiovasc Res 33:223-229.
65. Dawes GS, Mott JC and Widdicombe JG (1955) The patency of the ductus arteriosus in newborn lambs and its physiological consequences. J Physiol 128:361-383.
66. de Reeder EG, Gittenberger-De Groot AC, Van Munsteren JC, Poelmann RE, Patterson DF and Keirse MJ (1989) Distribution of prostacyclin synthase 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and 15 hydroxy-pragtaglandin dehydrogenase in the normal and persistent ductus arteriosus of the dog. Am J Pathol 135:881-887.
67. de Reeder EG, Van-Munsteren CJ, Poelmann RE, Patterson DF and Gittenberger-De-Groot AC (1990) Changes in distribution of elastin and elastin receptor during intimai cushion formation in the ductus arteriosus. Anat Embryol 182:473-480.
68. Dinchuk JE, Car BD, Focht RJ, Johnston JJ, Jaffee BD, Covington MB, Contel NR, Eng VM, Collins RJ, Czerniak PM, Gorry SA, Trzaskos JM (1995) Renal abnormalities and an altered inflammatory response in mice lacking cyclooxygenase II. Nature 378:406-409.
69. Drayton MR and Skidmore R (1987) Ductus arteriosus blood flow during the first 48 h of life. Arch Dis Child 62:1030-1034
70. Drife JO and Calder AA (1992) Prostaglandins and the Uterus. Springer-Verlag, London.
71. Eronen M, Kari A, Pesonen E and Hallman M (1993) The effect of antenatal dexamethasone administration on the fetal and neonatal ductus arteriosus a randomized double-blind study. Am J Dis Child 147:187-192.
72. Eronen M, Pesonen E, Kurki T, Ylikorkala O and Hallman M (1991) The effects of indomethacin and a β-sympathomimetic agent of the fetal ductua arteriosus during treatment of premature labor: A randomized double-blind study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164:141-146.
73. Farrugia G, Irons WA, Rae JL, Sarr MG and Szurszewski JH (1993) Activation of whole cell currents in isolated human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells by carbon monoxide. Am J Physiol 264:G1184-G1189.
74. Fay FS (1971) Guinea pig ductus arteriosus I Cellular and metabolic basis for oxygen sensitivity Am J Physiol 221:470-479.
75. Fay FS and Cooke PH (1972) Guinea pig ductus arteriosus II Irreversible closure after birth. Am J Physiol 222:841-849
76. Fay FS and Jobsis FF (1972) Guinea pig ductus arteriosus III Light absorption changes during response to O2. Am J Physiol 223:588-595.
77. Fox JJ, Ziegler JW, Ivy DD, Halbower AC, Kinsella JP and Abman SH (1996) Role of nitric oxide and cGMP system in regulation of ductus arteriosus tone in ovine fetus. Am J Physiol 271:H2638-H2645.
78. 1 in infants with ductus arteriosus-dependent congenital heart disease. Circulation 64:899-905.
79. Friedman WF, Printz MP, Kirkpatrick SE and Hoskins EJ (1983) The vasoactivity of the fetal lamb ductus arteriosus studied in utero. Pediatr Res 17:331-337.
80. Frölich JC (1997) A classification of NSAIDS according to the relative inhibition of cyclooxygenase isoenzymes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 18:30-34.
81. Gersony WM (1986) Patent ductus arteriosus in the neonate. Pediatr Clin North Am 33:545-560.
82. Gittenberger de Groot AC, Strengers JLM, Mentink M, Poelmann RE and Patterson DF (1985) Histologic studies on normal and persistent ductus arteriosus in the dog. J Am Coll Cardiol 6:394-404
83. Giuriato L, Scatena M, Chiavegato A, Guidolin D, Pauletto P and Sartore S (1993) Rabbit ductus arteriosus during development: Anatomical structure and smooth muscle cell composition. Anat Rec 235:95-110.
84. Guerguerian AM, Hardy P, Lahaie I, Bhattacharya M, Peri K, Segar J, Olley P, Fouron JC, St-Louis J, Varma DR and Chemtob S (1997) Cyclooxygenase- (COX) 2 is the main intrinsic source of prostaglandins (PG) in the ductus arteriosus (DA) of the newborn (NB) but not of the fetus. Pediatr Res 41:21A.
85. Hammerman C (1995) Patent ductus arteriosus: Clinical relevance of prostaglandins and prostaglandin inhibitors in PDA pathophysiology and treatment. Clin Perinatol 22:457-479.
86. Hanssens M, Keirse MJN, Vankelecom F and Van Assche FA (1991) Fetal and neonatal effects of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in pregnancy Obstet Gynecol 78:128-133.
87. 450 enzymes and metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of vascular tone. J Vasc Res 32:79-92
88. Herget J, Hampl V, Povysilova V and Slavik Z (1993) Long-term effects of prenatal indomethacin administration on the pulmonary circulation in rats. Eur Respir J 8:209-215.
89. Heymann MA and Rudolph AM (1975) Control of the ductus arteriosus. Physiol Rev 55:62-78
90. Heymann MA, Rudolph AM, Nies AS and Melmon KL (1969) Bradykinin production associated with oxygenation of the fetal lamb. Circ Res 25:521-534.
91. Hobbs AJ, Fukuto JM and Ignarro LJ (1994) Formation of free nitric oxide from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase. Direct enhancement of generation by superoxide dismutase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10992-10996.
92. Honda A, Sugimoto Y, Namba T, Watabe A, Irie A, Negishi M, Narumiya S and Ichikawa A (1993) Cloning and expression of a cDNA for mouse prostaglandin E receptor EP-2 subtype. J Biol Chem 68:7759-7762
93. Hornblad PY and Larsson KS (1972) Studies on the closure of the ductus arteriosus IX: Transitory effect of phenoxybenzamine on ductal closure in the guinea pig. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 31:149-152.
94. Ikeda M (1970) Adrenergic innervation of the ductus arteriosus of the fetal lamb. Experientia 26:525-526
95. Ikeda M, Rubenstein EH and Sonnenschein RR (1973a) Interaction of three factors in the closure of the ductus arteriosus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 143:354-359.
96. Ikeda M, Rubenstein EH and Sonnenschein RR (1973b) Development of the oxygen-induced contraction in the ductus arteriosus of the guinea pig. Experientia 29:445-446.
97. Ikeda M, Sonnenschein RR and Masuoka DT (1972) Catecholamine content and uptake of the ductus arteriosus of the fetal lamb. Experientia 28:914-915.
98. Mang M, Cai L, Udeani GO, Slowing KV, Thomas CF, Beecher CWW, Fong HHS, Farnsworth NR, Kinghorn AD, Mehta RG, Moon RC and Pezzuto JM (1997) Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol and natural product derived from grapes. Science 275:218-220.
99. 2 on the ductus arteriosus in the newborn rat an ultrastructural study. Physiol Res 41:323-330.
100. Karaki H, Ozaki H, Hori M, Mitsui-Saito M, Amano K-I, Harada K-I, Miyamoto S, Nakazawa H, Won K-J and Koichi S (1997) Calcium movements distribution and functions in smooth muscle. Pharmacol Rev 49:157-230.
101. Kennedy J and Clark SC (1942) Observations on the physiological reactions of the ductus arteriosus. Am J Physiol 136:140-147.
102. Kim H-S, Aikawa M, Kimura K, Kuro-O M, Nakahara K-I, Suzuki T, Katoh H, Okamoto E-I, Yazaki Y and Nagai R (1993) Ductus arteriosus: Advanced differentiation of smooth muscle cells demonstrated by myosin heavy chain isoform expression in rabbits. Circulation 88:1804-1810.
103. Komhoff M, Groene HJ, Klein T, Seyberth HW and Nuesing-R-M (1997) Localization of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in adult and fetal human kidney: Implication for renal function Am J Physiol 272:F460-F468
104. Koppel R and Rabinovitch M (1993) Regulation of fetal lamb ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cell migration by indomethacin and dexamethasone. Pediatr Res 33:352-358.
105. Kovalcik V (1963) The response of the isolated ductus arteriosus to oxygen and anoxia. J Physiol 169:185-197.
106. Kramer WB, Saade G, Ou CN, Rognerud C, Dorman K, Mayes M and Moise KJ (1995) Placental transfer of sulindac and its active sulfide metabolite in humans. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172:886-890.
107. Kriaka M, Smiesko V, Cerletti C and Del Maschio A (1990) Interaction of prostaglandins and the myogenic factor in the mechanism of closure of the ductus arteriosus. Physiol Bohemoslov 39:207-216
108. Kuriyama H, Kitamura K and Nabata H (1995) Pharmacological and physiological significance of ion channels and factors that modulate them in vascular tissues. Pharmacol Rev 47:387-573,
109. Langenbach R, Morham SG, Tiano HF, Loftin CD, Ghanayem BI, Chulada PC, Mahler JF, Lee CA, Goulding EH, Kluckman KD. Kim HS, Smithies O (1995) Prostaglandin synthase 1 gene disruption in mice reduces arachidonic acid-induced inflammation and indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. Cell 83:483-492.
110. Lucas A and Mitchell MD (1978) Plasma-prostaglandins in pre-term neonates before and after treatment for patent ductus arteriosus. Lancet 2:130-132.
111. Lydrup ML, Sward K and Hellstrand P (1994) Effect of glibenclamide on membrane response to metabolic inhibition in smooth muscle of rat portal vein. J Vas Res 31:82-91.
112. MacDonald AA, Poot P and Wensing CJG (1983) Nerve endings in the pulmonary trunk ductus arteriosus and aorta of intact and decapitated pig fetuses. Anat Embryol 168:395-404.
113. Masaki T, Vane JR and Vanhoutte PM (1994) International union of pharmacology nomenclature of endothelin receptors. Pharmacol Rev 46:137-142
114. McGrath JC, MacLennan SJ, Mann AC, Stuart-Smith K and Whittle MJ (1986) Contraction of human umbilical artery but not vein by oxygen J Physiol 380:513-520.
115. McMurphy DM and Boreus LO (1971) Studies on the pharmacology of the perfused human fetal ductus arteriosus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 109:937-942
116. Melmon KL, Cline MJ, Hughes T and Nies AS (1968) Kinins: Possible mediators of neonatal circulatory changes in man. J Clin Invest 47:1295-1302.
117. Mentzer RM, Ely SW, Lasley RD, Mainwaring RD, Wright EM and Berne RM (1985) Hormonal role of adenosine in maintaining patency of the ductus arteriosus in fetal lambs Ann Surg 202:223-230
118. + current in smooth muscle cells of rabbit portal vein. Am J Physiol 265:H2184-H2195.
119. Mlinar B and Enyeart JJ (1993) Block of current through T-type calcium channels by trivalent metal cations and nickel in neural rat and human cells. J Physiol 469:639-652.
120. Moise KJ Jr, Huhta JC, Sharif DS, Ching-Nan O, Kirshon B, Wasserstrum N and Cano L (1988) Indomethacin in the treatment of premature labor. Effects on the ductus arteriosus. N Engl J Med 319:327-331.
121. Moise KJ Jr, Ou CN, Kirshon B, Cano LE, Rognerud C and Carpenter RJ Jr (1990) Placental transfer of indomethacin in the human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 102:549-554
122. Momma K and Takao A (1987) In vivo constriction of the ductus arteriosus by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in near-term and preterm fetal rats. Pediatr Res 22:567-572.
123. Momma K and Takao A (1989a) Increased constriction of the ductus arteriosus with combined administration of indomethacin and betamethasone in fetal rats. Pediatr Res 25:69-75.
124. Momma K and Takao A (1989b) Right ventricular concentric hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation by ductal constriction in fetal rata. Circ Res 64:1137-1146
125. Momma K, Hagiware H and Konishi T (1984) Constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Study of an additional 34 drugs. Prostaglandins 28:527-536.
126. Momma K, Nishihara S and Ota Y (1981) Constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus by glucocorticoid bormones. Pediatr Res 15:19-21.
127. Momma K, Uemura S, Nishihara S and Ota Y (1980) Dilatation of the ductus arteriosus by prostaglandins and prostaglandins precursors. Pediatr Res 14: 1074-1077
128. Moncada S, Higgs A and Furchgott R (1997)XIV. International union of pharmacology: Nomenclature in nitric oxide research. Pharmacol Rev 49:137-142.
129. Monta T, Perrella MA, Lee ME and Kourembanas S (1995) Smooth muscle cell-derived carbon monoxide is a regulator of vascular cGMP. Proc Natl Acrid Sci USA 92:1475-1479.
130. Nakanishi T, Gu H, Hagiwara N and Momma K (1993) Mechanisms of oxygen-induced contraction of ductus arteriosus isolated from the fetal rabbit. Circ Res 72:1218-1228.
131. Needleman P, Homberg S and Mandelbaum B (1981) Ductus arteriosus closure may result from suppression of prostacyclin synthesis by an intrinsic hydroperoxy fatty acid. Prostaglandins 22:675-682.
132. 4 triggers remodelling of the cardiovascular system at birth. Nature 390:78-81.
133. 4 subtype. FEBS Lett 364:339-341
134. Noel S and Cassin S (1976) Maturation of contractile response of ductus arteriosus to oxygen and drugs. Am J Physiol 231:240-243.
135. Norton ME, Merrill J, Cooper BAB, Kuller JA and Clyman RI (1993) Neonatal complications after the administration of indomethacin for preterm labor. N Engl J Med 329:1602-1607.
136. Okada M, Takeuchi J, Kimura H, Yoshijima K-I, Itoh K and Furuhashi T (1994) Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry of extracellular matrix of rat fetal ductus arteriosus during the indomethacin-induced constriction. Exp Anim 43: 551-558.
137. 10 pathway in the lamb ductus arteriosus. Biochim Biophys Acta 486:583-585.
138. Pace-Asciak CR and Rangaraj G (1978) Prostaglandin biosynthesis and catabolism in the lamb ductus arteriosus aorta and pulmonary artery. Biochim Biophys Acta 529:13-20.
139. Pace-Asciak CR and Rangaraj G (1983) Release of prostaglandins from intact lamb ductus arteriosus Can J Biochem Cell Biol 61:240-247
140. Pierce KL, Gil DW, Woodward DF and Rcgan JW (1995) Cloning of human prostanoid receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 16:253-256
141. Pulkkinen MO, Momma K and Pulkkinen J (1986) Constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus by progesterone. Biol Neonate 50:270-273.
142. Rabinovitch M (1996) Cell-extracellular matrix interactions in the ductus arteriosus and perinatal pulmonary circulation. Semin Perinatal 20:531-541.
143. Rasanen J and Jouppila P (1995) Fetal cardiac function and ductus arteriosus during indomethacin and sulindac therapy for threatened preterm labor: A randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173:20-25
144. 2 response of the ductus arteriosus (DA) FASEB J 11:A420
145. Riendeau D, Percival MD, Boyce S, Brideau C, Charleson S, Cromlish W, Ethier D, Evans J, Falgueyret JP, Ford-Hutchinson AW, Gordon R, Greig G, Gresser M, Guay J, Kargman S, Leger S, Mancini JA, ONeill G, Ouellet M, Rodger IW, Therien M, Wang Z, Webb JK, Wong E, Xu L, Young RN, Zamboni R, Prasit P and Chan CC (1997) Biochemical and pharmacological profile of a tetrasubstituted furanone as a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor. Br J Pharmacol 121:105-117.
146. Roberts LI and Morrow JD (1997) The generation and actions of isoprostanes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1345:121-135.
147. Roulet MJ and Cobum RF (1981) Oxygen-induced contraction in the guinea pig neonatal ductus arteriosus. Circ Res 49:997-1002.
148. Sakurai H, Matsuoka R, Furutani Y, Imamura SI, Takao A and Momma K (1996) Expression of four myosin heavy chain genes in developing blood vessels and other smooth muscle organs in rabbits. Eur J Cell Biol 69:166-172
149. Sawdy R, Slater D, Jones G, Poston L and Bennet P (1997) Use of a cyclo-oxygenase type-2-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent to prevent preterm delivery. Lancet 350:265-266
150. Senior J, Marshall K, Sangha R and Clayton JK (1993) In-vitro characterization of prostanoid receptors on human myometrium at term pregnancy. Br J Pharmacol 108:501-506
151. Sharpe GL and Larsson KS (1975) Studies on closure of the ductus arteriosus X In vivo effect of prostaglandin. Prostaglandins 9:703-719.
152. Sharpe GL, Thalme B and Larsson KS (1974) Studies on closure of the ductus arteriosus XI Ductal closure in utero by a prostaglandin synthase inhibitor. Prostaglandins 8:363-368.
153. Shaul PW, Yuhanna IS, German Z, Chen Z, Steinhorn RH and Morin FC III (1997) Pulmonary endothelial NO synthase gene expression is decreased in fetal lambs with pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol 272:L1005-L1012
154. Sideris EB, Yokochi K, Coceani F and Olley PM (1985) Prostaglandins and fetal cardiac output distribution in the lamb. Am J Physiol 248:H853-H858
155. 2 in ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation. Circulation 83:682-688.
156. Silva DG and Ikeda M (1971) Ultrastructural and acetylcholinesterase studies on the innervation of the ductus arteriosus pulmonary trunk and aorta of the fetal lamb J Ultrastruct Res 34:358-374.
157. Silver MM, Freedom RM, Silver MD and Olley PM (1981) The morphology of the human newborn ductus arteriosus Hum Pathol 12:1123-1136
158. 2 in perinatal rabbit lung Prostaglandins 26:275-285.
159. Skidgell RA, Friedman WF and Printz MP (1984) Prostaglandin biosynthetic activities of isolated fetal lamb ductus arteriosus other blood vessels and lung tissue. Pediatr Res 18:12-18
160. Slomp J, Grttenberger de Groot AC, Glukhova MA, Van-Munsteren JC, Kockx MM, Schwartz SM and Koteliansky VE (1997) Differentiation dedifferentiation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells during the development of the human ductus arteriosus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17:1003-1009.
161. Slomp J, Van-Munsteren JC, Poelmann RE, De-Reeder EG, Bogers AJ and Gittenberger De-Groot AC (1992) Formation of intimal cushions in the doctus arteriosus as a model for vascular intimal thickening an immunohistochemical study of changes in extracellular matrix components. Atherosclerosis 93:25-39.
162. Smith GCS (1992) Detecting congenital heart disease prenatally. Br Med J 304:578.
163. 2 Exp Physiol 82:537-546
164. Smith GCS and McGrath JC (1988) Indomethacin but not oxygen tension affects the sensitivity of isolated neonatal rabbit ductus arteriosus but not aorta to noradrenaline. Cardiovasc Res 22:310-915, 1988.
165. 2 and fetal oxygen tension synergistically inhibit the response of the isolated fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus to noradrenaline. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 17:861-866.
166. Smith GCS and McGrath JC (1993) Characterisation of the effects of oxygen tension on the response of the fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus to vasodilators. Cardiovasc Res 27:2205-2211.
167. Smith GCS and McGrath JC (1994) Interactions between indomethacin noradrenaline and vasodilators in the fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus. Br J Pharmacol 111: 1246-1251.
168. Smith GCS and McGrath JC (1995) Contractile effects of prostanoids on the fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 25:113-118.
169. Smith GCS, Coleman RA and McGrath JC (1994) Characterization of dilator prostanoid receptors in the fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 271:390-396.
170. Starling MB and Elliot RB (1974) The effects of prostaglandin prostaglandin inhibitors and oxygen on the closure of the ductus arteriosus pulmonary arteries and umbilical vessels in vitro. Prostaglandins 8:187-203
171. 2 on the lamb ductus arteriosus of swine in vivo using cineangiography. Prostaglandins 12:355-367.
172. Tada T and Kishimoto H (1990) Ultrastructural and histological studies on closure of the mouse ductus arteriosus. Acta Anat 139:326-334.
173. Tada T, Wakabayashi T, Nakao Y, Ueki R, Ogawa Y, Inagawa A, Shibata T and Kishimoto H (1985) Human ductus arteriosus: A histological study on the relation between ductal maturation and gestational age. Acta Pathol Jpn 25:23-34.
174. Takizawa T, Arishima K. Yamamoto M, Somiya H and Shiota-K (1994a) Transplacentally-administered enalapril inhibits the spontaneous constriction of the ductus arteriosus in the newborn rat. Congenital Anom 34:47-51.
175. Takizawa T, Oda T, Arishima K, Yamamoto M, Masaoka T, Somiya H, Akahori F and Shiota K (1994b) A calcium channel blocker verapamil inhibits the spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus in newborn rats. J Toxicol Sci 19:171-174.
176. Takizawa T, Oda T, Arishima K, Yamamoto M, Somiya H, Eguchi Y and Shiota K (1994c) Inhibitory effect of enalapril on the constriction of the ductus arteriosus in newborn rats. J Vet Med Sci 56:605-606.
177. Teitel DF, Iwamoto HS and Rudolph AM (1987) Effects of birth-related events on central blood flow patterns. Pediatr Res 22:557-566.
178. Templeton AGB, McGrath JC and Whittle MJ (1991) The role of endogenous thromboxane in contractions to U46619 oxygen 5-HT and 5-CT in the human isolated umbilical artery. Br J Pharmacol 103:1079-1084.
179. Terragno NA, Terragno A, McGiff JL and Rodriguez DJ (1977) Synthesis of prostaglandins by the ductus arteriosus of the bovine fetus. Prostaglandins 14:721-727.
180. 2 and parturition, in
181. Tristani-Firouzi M, Reeve HL, Tolarova S, Weir EK and Archer SL (1996) Oxygen-induced constriction of rabbit ductus arteriosus occurs via inhibition of a 4-aminopyridine- voltage-sensitive potassium channel. J Clin Invest 98:1959-1965
182. Tsai MY and Brown DM (1987) Effect of dexamethasone on fetal lung 15-hyroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase: Possible mechanism for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus by maternal dexamethasone therapy. Prostaglandins Leukotriene Med 27:237-245.
183. Tsai MY and Einzig S (1989) Prostaglandin catabolism in fetal and maternal tissues: A study of 15-hyroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and Delta 13 reductase with specific assay methods. Prostaglandins Leukotriene Essent Fatty Acids 38:25-30.
184. Utz J and Ullrich V (1991) Carbon monoxide relaxes ileal smooth muscle through activation of guanylate cyclase. Biochem Pharmacol 41:1195-1201.
185. Van Den Veyver IB and Moise KJ (1993) Progtaglandin gynthetase inhibitors in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 48:493-502.
186. Walsh RS and Mentzer RM (1987) Role of cyclic nucleotides in relaxation of fetal lamb ductus arteriosus. Surgery 102:313-318.
187. Walsh RS, Ely SW and Mentzer RM (1988) Response of lamb ductus arteriosus to nitroglycerin and nitroprusside. J Surg Res 44:8-13.
188. Wang R and Wu L (1997) The chemical modification of K-Ca channels by carbon monoxide in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 272:8222-8226.
189. Weiss H, Cooper B, Brook M, Schlueter M and Clyman RI (1995) Factors determining reopening of the ductus arteriosus after successful clinical closure with indomethacin. J Pediatr 127:466-471.
190. Werkstrom V, Ny L, Persson K and Andersson KE (1997) Carbon monoxide-induced relaxation and distribution of haem oxygenase isoenzymes in the pig urethra and lower oesophagogastric junction. Br J Pharmacol 120:312-318.
191. Wimsatt J, Nathanielsz PW and Sirois J (1993) Induction of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase isoform-2 in ovine cotyledonary tissues during late gestation. Endocrinology 133:1068-1073.
192. 450, reduced voltage-gated K+ currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes. Am J Physiol 268:C259-C270.
193. Zhu L, Dagher E, Johnson DJ, Bedell-Hogan D, Keeley FW, Kagan HM and Rabinovitch M (1993) A developmentally regulated program restricting insolubilization of elastin and formation of laminae in the fetal lamb ductus arteriosus. Lab Invest 68:321-331.