메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 329-344

The role of germinal centers for antiviral B cell responses

Author keywords

Escape mutant; Memory; Serotypes; Virus

Indexed keywords

VIRUS ANTIBODY;

EID: 0031813385     PISSN: 0257277X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02786455     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (124)
  • 1
    • 0028324816 scopus 로고
    • Germinal centers
    • MacLennan, I: Germinal centers. Ann Rev Immunol 1994;12:117-139.
    • (1994) Ann Rev Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 117-139
    • MacLennan, I.1
  • 2
    • 0016771680 scopus 로고
    • Thymus dependence of viral antigens
    • Burns WH, Billups LC, Notkins AL: Thymus dependence of viral antigens. Nature 1975;256:654-656.
    • (1975) Nature , vol.256 , pp. 654-656
    • Burns, W.H.1    Billups, L.C.2    Notkins, A.L.3
  • 3
    • 0030446248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of virus structure on antibody responses and serotype formation
    • Bachmann MF, Zinkernagel RM: The influence of virus structure on antibody responses and serotype formation. Immunol Today 1996; 17:553-558.
    • (1996) Immunol Today , vol.17 , pp. 553-558
    • Bachmann, M.F.1    Zinkernagel, R.M.2
  • 4
  • 5
    • 0027450354 scopus 로고
    • T-cell-dependent B cell activation
    • Parker DC: T-cell-dependent B cell activation. Annu Rev Immunol 1993;11:331-360.
    • (1993) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 331-360
    • Parker, D.C.1
  • 6
    • 0023522524 scopus 로고
    • Antigen uptake and accumulation in antigen-specific B-cells
    • Lanzavecchia A: Antigen uptake and accumulation in antigen-specific B-cells. Immunol Rev 1987;99:39-51.
    • (1987) Immunol Rev , vol.99 , pp. 39-51
    • Lanzavecchia, A.1
  • 7
    • 0028200118 scopus 로고
    • Transient accumulation of new class II MHC molecules in a novel endocytic compartment in B lymphocytes
    • Amigorena S, Drake JR, Webster P, Mellman I: Transient accumulation of new class II MHC molecules in a novel endocytic compartment in B lymphocytes. Nature 1994;369:113-120.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 113-120
    • Amigorena, S.1    Drake, J.R.2    Webster, P.3    Mellman, I.4
  • 8
    • 0028229009 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of the intracellular MHC class II compartment
    • Tulp A, Verwoerd D, Dobberstein B, Ploegh HL, Pieters J: Isolation and characterization of the intracellular MHC class II compartment. Nature; 1994;369:120-126.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 120-126
    • Tulp, A.1    Verwoerd, D.2    Dobberstein, B.3    Ploegh, H.L.4    Pieters, J.5
  • 10
    • 0027467486 scopus 로고
    • Engagement of CD40 lowers the threshold for activation of resting B-cells via antigen receptor
    • Wheeler K, Pound JD, Gordon J, Jeffris R: Engagement of CD40 lowers the threshold for activation of resting B-cells via antigen receptor. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:1165-1168.
    • (1993) Eur J Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 1165-1168
    • Wheeler, K.1    Pound, J.D.2    Gordon, J.3    Jeffris, R.4
  • 11
    • 0029149860 scopus 로고
    • T-B-cell interaction inhibits sponatneous apoptosis of mature lymphocytes in Bcl-2-deficient mice
    • Nakayama K, Nakayama K, Dustin LB, Loh DY: T-B-cell interaction inhibits sponatneous apoptosis of mature lymphocytes in Bcl-2-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1995;182:1101-1110.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 1101-1110
    • Nakayama, K.1    Nakayama, K.2    Dustin, L.B.3    Loh, D.Y.4
  • 13
    • 0029127749 scopus 로고
    • Opposing roles of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and CD40 in the death and rescue of human low densitiy human tonsillar B-cells
    • Cleary AM, Fortune SM, Yellin MJ, Chess L, Lederman S: Opposing roles of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and CD40 in the death and rescue of human low densitiy human tonsillar B-cells. J Immunol 1995; 155:3329-3337.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 3329-3337
    • Cleary, A.M.1    Fortune, S.M.2    Yellin, M.J.3    Chess, L.4    Lederman, S.5
  • 14
    • 0029664475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of bcl-x during mouse B-cell differentiation and following activation by various stimuli
    • Choi MSK, Holman M, Atkins CJ, Klaus GGB: Expression of bcl-x during mouse B-cell differentiation and following activation by various stimuli. Eur J Immunol 1996;26: 676-682.
    • (1996) Eur J Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 676-682
    • Choi, M.S.K.1    Holman, M.2    Atkins, C.J.3    Klaus, G.G.B.4
  • 15
    • 0029073035 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the B-cell surface receptor CD40 induces A20, a novel zinc-finger protein that inhibits apoptosis
    • Sarma V, Lin Z, Clark L, Rust B, Tewar M, Noelle R, Dixit V: Activation of the B-cell surface receptor CD40 induces A20, a novel zinc-finger protein that inhibits apoptosis. J Biol Chem 1995;270:343-346.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 343-346
    • Sarma, V.1    Lin, Z.2    Clark, L.3    Rust, B.4    Tewar, M.5    Noelle, R.6    Dixit, V.7
  • 16
    • 0028152658 scopus 로고
    • Cross-linking CD40 on B-cells rapidly activates NF-kB
    • Berberich I, Shu G, Clark E: Cross-linking CD40 on B-cells rapidly activates NF-kB. J Immunol 1994; 153:4357-4366.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.153 , pp. 4357-4366
    • Berberich, I.1    Shu, G.2    Clark, E.3
  • 17
    • 0030198199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGFβ1 inhibits NF-kB/Rel activity inducing apoptosis of B-cells:transcriptional activation of IkBa
    • Arsura M, Wu M, Sonnesheim GE: TGFβ1 inhibits NF-kB/Rel activity inducing apoptosis of B-cells:transcriptional activation of IkBa. Immunity 1996;5:31-40.
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.5 , pp. 31-40
    • Arsura, M.1    Wu, M.2    Sonnesheim, G.E.3
  • 19
    • 0029589915 scopus 로고
    • Fas is highly expressed in the germinal center but is not required for regulation of the B-cell response to antigen
    • Smith KGC, Nossal GJV, Tarlington M: Fas is highly expressed in the germinal center but is not required for regulation of the B-cell response to antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:11.628-11.632.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 11628-11632
    • Smith, K.G.C.1    Nossal, G.J.V.2    Tarlington, M.3
  • 22
    • 0028289244 scopus 로고
    • Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha
    • Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A: Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Exp Med 1994;179:1109-1118.
    • (1994) J Exp Med , vol.179 , pp. 1109-1118
    • Sallusto, F.1    Lanzavecchia, A.2
  • 23
    • 0028783397 scopus 로고
    • Functional interaction of T-cells with endothelial cells: The role of CD40L-CD40 interaction-mediated signals
    • Yellin MJ, Brett J, Baum D, Matsushima A, Szabolcs M, Stren D, Chess L: Functional interaction of T-cells with endothelial cells: the role of CD40L-CD40 interaction-mediated signals. J Exp Med 1995;182:1857-1864.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 1857-1864
    • Yellin, M.J.1    Brett, J.2    Baum, D.3    Matsushima, A.4    Szabolcs, M.5    Stren, D.6    Chess, L.7
  • 25
    • 0027323354 scopus 로고
    • CD40 expression by human monocytes: Regulation by cytokines and activation of monocytes by the ligand for CD40
    • Alderson MR, Armitage RJ, Tough TW, Strockbine L, Fanslow WC, Spriggs MK: CD40 expression by human monocytes: regulation by cytokines and activation of monocytes by the ligand for CD40. J Exp Med 1993;178:669-674.
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.178 , pp. 669-674
    • Alderson, M.R.1    Armitage, R.J.2    Tough, T.W.3    Strockbine, L.4    Fanslow, W.C.5    Spriggs, M.K.6
  • 26
    • 0028586815 scopus 로고
    • + T-cell contact-dependent activation of monocyte interleukin-1 synthesis
    • + T-cell contact-dependent activation of monocyte interleukin-1 synthesis. Eur J Immunol 1994;24:3148-3154.
    • (1994) Eur J Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 3148-3154
    • Wagner, D.H.1    Stout, R.D.2    Suttles, J.3
  • 27
    • 0030029222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking the CD40L-CD40 interaction in vivo specifically prevents the priming of T-helper type 1 cells through the inhibition of interleukin 12 secretion
    • Stüber E, Strober W, Neurath M: Blocking the CD40L-CD40 interaction in vivo specifically prevents the priming of T-helper type 1 cells through the inhibition of interleukin 12 secretion. J Exp Med 1996;183:693-698.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 693-698
    • Stüber, E.1    Strober, W.2    Neurath, M.3
  • 28
    • 0029933509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective role of CD40 in leishmania major infection at two distinct phases of cell-mediated immunity
    • Kamanaka M, Yu P, Yasui T, Yoshida K, Kawabe T, Horii T, Kishimoto T, Kikutani H: Protective role of CD40 in leishmania major infection at two distinct phases of cell-mediated immunity. Immunity 1996;4:275-281.
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.4 , pp. 275-281
    • Kamanaka, M.1    Yu, P.2    Yasui, T.3    Yoshida, K.4    Kawabe, T.5    Horii, T.6    Kishimoto, T.7    Kikutani, H.8
  • 31
    • 0028806723 scopus 로고
    • Impairment of antigen-specific T-cell priming in mice lacking CD40 ligand
    • Crevai IS, Xu J, Flavell RA: Impairment of antigen-specific T-cell priming in mice lacking CD40 ligand. Nature 1995;378: 618-620.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 618-620
    • Crevai, I.S.1    Xu, J.2    Flavell, R.A.3
  • 32
    • 0028790434 scopus 로고
    • CD40 ligand-transduced costimulation of T-cells in the development of helper function
    • van Essen D, Kikutani H, Gray D: CD40 ligand-transduced costimulation of T-cells in the development of helper function. Nature 1995; 378:620-623.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 620-623
    • Van Essen, D.1    Kikutani, H.2    Gray, D.3
  • 35
    • 0026593440 scopus 로고
    • Small B-cells as antigen-presenting cells in the induction of tolerance to soluble protein antigens
    • Eynon EE, Parker DC: Small B-cells as antigen-presenting cells in the induction of tolerance to soluble protein antigens. J Exp Med 1992;175:131-138.
    • (1992) J Exp Med , vol.175 , pp. 131-138
    • Eynon, E.E.1    Parker, D.C.2
  • 36
    • 0027373275 scopus 로고
    • In vivo CD40-gp39 interactions are essential for thymus-dependent humoral immunity. I. in vivo expression of CD40 ligand, cytokines, and antibody production delineates sites of cognate T-B-cell interactions
    • Van den Eertwegh AJM, Noelle RJ, Roy M, Shepherd DM, Aruffo A, Ledbetter JA, Boersma W, Claassen E: In vivo CD40-gp39 interactions are essential for thymus-dependent humoral immunity. I. In vivo expression of CD40 ligand, cytokines, and antibody production delineates sites of cognate T-B-cell interactions. J Exp Med 1993;178: 1555-1565.
    • (1993) J Exp Med , vol.178 , pp. 1555-1565
    • Van Den Eertwegh, A.J.M.1    Noelle, R.J.2    Roy, M.3    Shepherd, D.M.4    Aruffo, A.5    Ledbetter, J.A.6    Boersma, W.7    Claassen, E.8
  • 37
    • 0025951891 scopus 로고
    • Site of specific B-cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T-cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens
    • Liu YJ, Zhang J, Lane PJL, Chan EYT, MacLennan ICM: Site of specific B-cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T-cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. Eur J Immunol 1991;21:2951-2962.
    • (1991) Eur J Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 2951-2962
    • Liu, Y.J.1    Zhang, J.2    Lane, P.J.L.3    Chan, E.Y.T.4    MacLennan, I.C.M.5
  • 38
    • 0025726702 scopus 로고
    • In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. I. the architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations
    • Jacob J, Kassir R, Kelsoe G: In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations. J Exp Med 1991;173: 1165-1175.
    • (1991) J Exp Med , vol.173 , pp. 1165-1175
    • Jacob, J.1    Kassir, R.2    Kelsoe, G.3
  • 40
    • 0029936947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection
    • Bachmann MF, Odermatt B, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM: Induction of long-lived germinal centers associated with persisting antigen after viral infection. J Exp Med 1996;183:2259-2269.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 2259-2269
    • Bachmann, M.F.1    Odermatt, B.2    Hengartner, H.3    Zinkernagel, R.M.4
  • 42
    • 0020002482 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of antibody with the major surface glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1. Analysis of neutralizing epitopes with monoclonal antibodies
    • Lefrancois L, Lyles DS: The interaction of antibody with the major surface glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. 1. Analysis of neutralizing epitopes with monoclonal antibodies. Virology 1982;121:157-167.
    • (1982) Virology , vol.121 , pp. 157-167
    • Lefrancois, L.1    Lyles, D.S.2
  • 45
    • 0029608873 scopus 로고
    • T-helper cell-independent neutralizing antibody-responses against vesicular stomatitis virus: Possible role of antigen patterns in B cell induction?
    • Bachmann MF, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM: T-helper cell-independent neutralizing antibody-responses against vesicular stomatitis virus: Possible role of antigen patterns in B cell induction? Eur J Immunol 1995;25: 3445-3451.
    • (1995) Eur J Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 3445-3451
    • Bachmann, M.F.1    Hengartner, H.2    Zinkernagel, R.M.3
  • 47
    • 0025787430 scopus 로고
    • Virus-triggered acquired immunodeficiency by cytotoxic T-cell dependent destruction of antigen-presenting cells and lymph follicle structure
    • Odermatt B, Eppler M, Leist TP, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM: Virus-triggered acquired immunodeficiency by cytotoxic T-cell dependent destruction of antigen-presenting cells and lymph follicle structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88:8252-8256.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 8252-8256
    • Odermatt, B.1    Eppler, M.2    Leist, T.P.3    Hengartner, H.4    Zinkernagel, R.M.5
  • 48
    • 0028148708 scopus 로고
    • Free recirculation of memory B-cells versus antigen-dependent differentiation to antibody forming cells
    • Buchmann MF, Kündig TM, Odermatt B, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM: Free recirculation of memory B-cells versus antigen-dependent differentiation to antibody forming cells. J Immunol 1994;153:3386-3397.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.153 , pp. 3386-3397
    • Buchmann, M.F.1    Kündig, T.M.2    Odermatt, B.3    Hengartner, H.4    Zinkernagel, R.M.5
  • 49
    • 0023686940 scopus 로고
    • B-cell memory to thymus-independent antigens type 1 and type 2: The role of lipopolysaccharide in B memory induction
    • Zhang J, Liu YJ, MacLennan I, Gray D, Lane P: B-cell memory to thymus-independent antigens type 1 and type 2: the role of lipopolysaccharide in B memory induction. Eur J Immunol 1988;18:1417-1424.
    • (1988) Eur J Immunol , vol.18 , pp. 1417-1424
    • Zhang, J.1    Liu, Y.J.2    MacLennan, I.3    Gray, D.4    Lane, P.5
  • 51
    • 0026670190 scopus 로고
    • In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. II. A common clonal origin for periarteriolar lymphoid sheath-associated foci and germinal centers
    • Jacob J, Kelsoe G: In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. II. A common clonal origin for periarteriolar lymphoid sheath-associated foci and germinal centers. J Exp Med 1992;176:679-687.
    • (1992) J Exp Med , vol.176 , pp. 679-687
    • Jacob, J.1    Kelsoe, G.2
  • 52
    • 0024802909 scopus 로고
    • Primary antobody-forming cells and secondary B-cells are generated from separate precursor cell subpopulations
    • Linton PJ, Decker DJ, Klinman NR: Primary antobody-forming cells and secondary B-cells are generated from separate precursor cell subpopulations. Cell 1989;59: 1049-1059.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.59 , pp. 1049-1059
    • Linton, P.J.1    Decker, D.J.2    Klinman, N.R.3
  • 53
    • 0026644137 scopus 로고
    • Immature peripheral B-cells in adults heat-stable antigen(hi) and exhibit unique signalling charactersistics
    • Allman DM, Ferguson SE, Cancro MP: Immature peripheral B-cells in adults heat-stable antigen(hi) and exhibit unique signalling charactersistics. J Immunol 1992; 149:2533-2540.
    • (1992) J Immunol , vol.149 , pp. 2533-2540
    • Allman, D.M.1    Ferguson, S.E.2    Cancro, M.P.3
  • 54
    • 0029938992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The T-cell-B-cell intcracion via OX40-OX40L is necessary for the T cell-dependent humoral immune response
    • Stüber E, Strober W: The T-cell-B-cell intcracion via OX40-OX40L is necessary for the T cell-dependent humoral immune response. J Exp Med 1996;183:979-989.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 979-989
    • Stüber, E.1    Strober, W.2
  • 56
    • 0029989339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune and inflammatory responses in TNFα-deficient mice: A critical requirement for TNFα in the formation of primary B-cell follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centers, and in the maturation of the humoral immune response
    • Pasparakis M, Alexopoulou L, Episkopou V, Kollias G: Immune and inflammatory responses in TNFα-deficient mice: a critical requirement for TNFα in the formation of primary B-cell follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centers, and in the maturation of the humoral immune response. J Exp Med 1996;184:1397-1411.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.184 , pp. 1397-1411
    • Pasparakis, M.1    Alexopoulou, L.2    Episkopou, V.3    Kollias, G.4
  • 57
    • 0000682810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of follicular denritic cells and full antibody responses require tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 signaling
    • LeHir M, Bluethmann H, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Müller M, diPadova F. Moore M, Ryffel B, Eugster HP: Differentiation of follicular denritic cells and full antibody responses require tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 signaling. J Exp Med 1996;183:2367-2372.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 2367-2372
    • LeHir, M.1    Bluethmann, H.2    Kosco-Vilbois, M.H.3    Müller, M.4    DiPadova, F.5    Moore, M.6    Ryffel, B.7    Eugster, H.P.8
  • 59
    • 0030582773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A putative chemokine receptor, BLRI, directs B-cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic comprtaments of the spleen
    • Förster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem C, Lipp M: A putative chemokine receptor, BLRI, directs B-cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic comprtaments of the spleen. Cell 1996;87:1037-1047.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 1037-1047
    • Förster, R.1    Mattis, A.E.2    Kremmer, E.3    Wolf, E.4    Brem, C.5    Lipp, M.6
  • 60
    • 10544228521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B lymphocytes are impaired in mice lacking the transcription co-activator Bob1/ OCA-B/OBF1
    • Nielson PJ, Georgiev O, Lorenz B, Schaffner W: B lymphocytes are impaired in mice lacking the transcription co-activator Bob1/ OCA-B/OBF1. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:3214-3218.
    • (1996) Eur J Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 3214-3218
    • Nielson, P.J.1    Georgiev, O.2    Lorenz, B.3    Schaffner, W.4
  • 61
    • 0029967024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B- Cell specific coactivator OBF-1/ OCA-B/Bob1 required for immune responses and germinal center formation
    • Schubart DB, Rolink A, Kosco-Vilbois MH, Botteri F, Matthias P: B-cell specific coactivator OBF-1/ OCA-B/Bob1 required for immune responses and germinal center formation. Nature 1996;383:538-542.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 538-542
    • Schubart, D.B.1    Rolink, A.2    Kosco-Vilbois, M.H.3    Botteri, F.4    Matthias, P.5
  • 62
    • 0029917392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The B-cell specific transcription coactivator OCA-B/OBF-1/ Bob-1 is essential for normal production of immunoglobulin isotypes
    • Kim U, Qin XF, Gong S, Stevens S, Luo Y, Nussenzweig M, Roeder RG: The B-cell specific transcription coactivator OCA-B/OBF-1/ Bob-1 is essential for normal production of immunoglobulin isotypes. Nature 1996;383:542-547.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 542-547
    • Kim, U.1    Qin, X.F.2    Gong, S.3    Stevens, S.4    Luo, Y.5    Nussenzweig, M.6    Roeder, R.G.7
  • 63
    • 0029094609 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal B lymphocytes development, activation, and differentiation in mice that lack or overexpress the CD19 transduction molecule
    • Engel P, Zhou LJ, Ord DC, Sato S, Koller B, Tedder TF: Abnormal B lymphocytes development, activation, and differentiation in mice that lack or overexpress the CD19 transduction molecule. Immunity 1995;3:39-50.
    • (1995) Immunity , vol.3 , pp. 39-50
    • Engel, P.1    Zhou, L.J.2    Ord, D.C.3    Sato, S.4    Koller, B.5    Tedder, T.F.6
  • 64
    • 0029064680 scopus 로고
    • Impairment of T-cell dependent B-cell responses and B-1 cell development in CD19-deficient mice
    • Rickert RC, Rajewsky K, Roes J: Impairment of T-cell dependent B-cell responses and B-1 cell development in CD19-deficient mice. Nature 1995;376:352-355.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 352-355
    • Rickert, R.C.1    Rajewsky, K.2    Roes, J.3
  • 69
  • 71
    • 0019971005 scopus 로고
    • Germinal centre B-cells: Antigen specificity and changes in heavy chain class expression
    • Kraal O, Weissman IL, Butcher EC: Germinal centre B-cells: antigen specificity and changes in heavy chain class expression. Nature 1982;298:377-379.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 377-379
    • Kraal, O.1    Weissman, I.L.2    Butcher, E.C.3
  • 74
    • 0017735423 scopus 로고
    • The class of surface immunoglobulin on virgin and memory B lymphocytes
    • Coffman RL, Cohn M: The class of surface immunoglobulin on virgin and memory B lymphocytes. J Immunol 1977;118:1806.
    • (1977) J Immunol , vol.118 , pp. 1806
    • Coffman, R.L.1    Cohn, M.2
  • 77
    • 0026104244 scopus 로고
    • Affinity maturation of antibodies
    • Milstein C: Affinity maturation of antibodies. Immunol Today 1991;2:93.
    • (1991) Immunol Today , vol.2 , pp. 93
    • Milstein, C.1
  • 79
    • 0026647158 scopus 로고
    • Natural occurence and origin of somatically mutated memory B-cells in mice
    • Schittek B, Rajewsky K: Natural occurence and origin of somatically mutated memory B-cells in mice. J Exp Med 1992;176:427-438.
    • (1992) J Exp Med , vol.176 , pp. 427-438
    • Schittek, B.1    Rajewsky, K.2
  • 80
    • 0028033316 scopus 로고
    • Variable region gene analysis of B-cell subsets derived from a 4 year old child: Somtically mutated memory B-cells accumulate in the peripheral blood already at young age
    • Klein U, Küppers R, Rajewsky K: Variable region gene analysis of B-cell subsets derived from a 4 year old child: somtically mutated memory B-cells accumulate in the peripheral blood already at young age. J Exp Med 1994;180:1383-1393.
    • (1994) J Exp Med , vol.180 , pp. 1383-1393
    • Klein, U.1    Küppers, R.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 83
    • 0028785538 scopus 로고
    • In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-Hydroxy-3 Nitropheny) Acetyl IV. Affinity-dependent, antigen driven B-cell apoptosis in germinal centers as a mechanism for maintaining self-tolerance
    • Han S, Zheng B, Dal Porto B, Kelsoe G: In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-Hydroxy-3 Nitropheny) Acetyl IV. Affinity-dependent, antigen driven B-cell apoptosis in germinal centers as a mechanism for maintaining self-tolerance. J Exp Med 1995;182:1635-1644.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 1635-1644
    • Han, S.1    Zheng, B.2    Dal Porto, B.3    Kelsoe, G.4
  • 84
    • 0029014435 scopus 로고
    • Antigen-induced B-cell death and elimination during germinal centre immune responses
    • Shokat KM, Goodnow CC: Antigen-induced B-cell death and elimination during germinal centre immune responses. Nature 1995;375:334-338.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 334-338
    • Shokat, K.M.1    Goodnow, C.C.2
  • 85
    • 0001967883 scopus 로고
    • The carrier effect in the secondary response to hapten-protein conjugate. II. Cellular cooperation
    • Mitchison NA: The carrier effect in the secondary response to hapten-protein conjugate. II. Cellular cooperation. Eur J Immunol 1971;1:18-22.
    • (1971) Eur J Immunol , vol.1 , pp. 18-22
    • Mitchison, N.A.1
  • 86
    • 18144434048 scopus 로고
    • The role of the histocompatibility gene complex in lymphocyte differentation
    • Katz DH: The role of the histocompatibility gene complex in lymphocyte differentation. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 1976;41:611-624.
    • (1976) Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol , vol.41 , pp. 611-624
    • Katz, D.H.1
  • 88
    • 0029987922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differentiation of human memory B-cells into specific antibody-secreting cells is CD40 independent
    • Silvy A, Lagrasle C, Bella C, Defrance T: The differentiation of human memory B-cells into specific antibody-secreting cells is CD40 independent. Eur J Immunol 1996;26:517-524.
    • (1996) Eur J Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 517-524
    • Silvy, A.1    Lagrasle, C.2    Bella, C.3    Defrance, T.4
  • 89
    • 0025213248 scopus 로고
    • V region gene usage and somatic mutation in the primary and secondary responses to influenza virus hemagglutinin
    • Clarke SH, Staudt LM, Kavaler J, Schwartz D, Gerhard WU, Weigert MG: V region gene usage and somatic mutation in the primary and secondary responses to influenza virus hemagglutinin. J Immunol 1990;144:2795-2801,
    • (1990) J Immunol , vol.144 , pp. 2795-2801
    • Clarke, S.H.1    Staudt, L.M.2    Kavaler, J.3    Schwartz, D.4    Gerhard, W.U.5    Weigert, M.G.6
  • 90
    • 0025988387 scopus 로고
    • A B-cell population that dominates the primary response to influenza virus hemagglutinin does not participate in the memory response
    • Kavaler J, Caton AJ, Staudt LM, Gerhard: A B-cell population that dominates the primary response to influenza virus hemagglutinin does not participate in the memory response. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:2687.
    • (1991) Eur J Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 2687
    • Kavaler, J.1    Caton, A.J.2    Staudt, L.M.3    Gerhard4
  • 91
    • 0030060366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation and negative selection of functionally distinct subsets of antibody secreting cells by influenza hemagglutinin as a viral and neo-self antigen
    • Caton AJ, Schwartzentruber JR, Kuhl AL, Carding SR, Stark SE: Activation and negative selection of functionally distinct subsets of antibody secreting cells by influenza hemagglutinin as a viral and neo-self antigen. J Exp Med 1996; 183:13-26.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 13-26
    • Caton, A.J.1    Schwartzentruber, J.R.2    Kuhl, A.L.3    Carding, S.R.4    Stark, S.E.5
  • 92
    • 0023161406 scopus 로고
    • Mutation drift and repertoire shift in the maturation of the immune response
    • Berek C, Milstein C: Mutation drift and repertoire shift in the maturation of the immune response. Immunol Rev 1987;96:23-41.
    • (1987) Immunol Rev , vol.96 , pp. 23-41
    • Berek, C.1    Milstein, C.2
  • 95
    • 0002007045 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary and somatic immunological memory
    • Rajewsky K: Evolutionary and somatic immunological memory. Progr Imm 1989;7:397-403.
    • (1989) Progr Imm , vol.7 , pp. 397-403
    • Rajewsky, K.1
  • 96
    • 0028927653 scopus 로고
    • Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T-cells in vivo
    • McHeyzer-Williams MG, Davis MM: Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T-cells in vivo. Science 1995;268: 106-111.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 106-111
    • McHeyzer-Williams, M.G.1    Davis, M.M.2
  • 97
    • 0029928877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life and death in germinal centers
    • Kelsoe G: Life and death in germinal centers. Immunity 1996; 4:107-111.
    • (1996) Immunity , vol.4 , pp. 107-111
    • Kelsoe, G.1
  • 98
    • 0029989925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative pathways for the selection of antigen-specific peripheral T-cells
    • Zheng B, Han S, Zhu Q, Goldsby R, Kelsoe G: Alternative pathways for the selection of antigen-specific peripheral T-cells. Nature 1996;384: 263-266.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.384 , pp. 263-266
    • Zheng, B.1    Han, S.2    Zhu, Q.3    Goldsby, R.4    Kelsoe, G.5
  • 99
    • 0031201448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional maturation of an anti-viral cytotoxic T cell response
    • 97a Bachmann MF, Speiser DE, Ohashi PS: Functional maturation of an anti-viral cytotoxic T cell response. J Virol 1997;71:5764-5768.
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 5764-5768
    • Bachmann, M.F.1    Speiser, D.E.2    Ohashi, P.S.3
  • 101
    • 0026497315 scopus 로고
    • + B-cells from antibody-secreting and memory B-cell pathways in the C57BL/6 immune response to NP
    • + B-cells from antibody-secreting and memory B-cell pathways in the C57BL/6 immune response to NP. Eur J Immunol 1992;22:3001-3011.
    • (1992) Eur J Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 3001-3011
    • Lalor, P.A.1    Nossal, G.2    Sanderson, R.D.3    McHeyzer, W.M.4
  • 102
    • 0030001287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracing the development of single memory-lineage B-cells in a highly defined immune response
    • Liu AH, Jena PK, Wysocki LJ: Tracing the development of single memory-lineage B-cells in a highly defined immune response. J Exp Med 1996;183:2053-2063.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 2053-2063
    • Liu, A.H.1    Jena, P.K.2    Wysocki, L.J.3
  • 103
    • 0020029556 scopus 로고
    • Induction and persistence of local B-cell memory in mice
    • Baine Y, Thorbecke GJ: Induction and persistence of local B-cell memory in mice. J Immunol 1982;128:639-643.
    • (1982) J Immunol , vol.128 , pp. 639-643
    • Baine, Y.1    Thorbecke, G.J.2
  • 104
    • 0015196070 scopus 로고
    • The cellular basis of the immunologic memory
    • Celada F: The cellular basis of the immunologic memory. Prog Allergy 1971;15:223-267.
    • (1971) Prog Allergy , vol.15 , pp. 223-267
    • Celada, F.1
  • 105
    • 0023761867 scopus 로고
    • B-cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen
    • Gray D, Skarvall H: B-cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen. Nature 1988;336:70-73.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.336 , pp. 70-73
    • Gray, D.1    Skarvall, H.2
  • 107
    • 0024989657 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance of B-cell memory by long-lived cells generated from proliferating precursors
    • Schittek B, Rajewsky K: Maintenance of B-cell memory by long-lived cells generated from proliferating precursors. Nature 1990;346:749-751.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 749-751
    • Schittek, B.1    Rajewsky, K.2
  • 109
    • 0019231835 scopus 로고
    • The follicular dedritic cell: Long term antigen retention during immunity
    • Mandel TE, Phipps RP, Abbot A, Tew JG: The follicular dedritic cell: long term antigen retention during immunity. Immunol Rev 1980;53:29-59.
    • (1980) Immunol Rev , vol.53 , pp. 29-59
    • Mandel, T.E.1    Phipps, R.P.2    Abbot, A.3    Tew, J.G.4
  • 111
    • 0014610099 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of antibody formation by serum antibody. I. Removal of specific antibody by means of immuno-adsorption
    • Graf MW, Uhr JW: Regulation of antibody formation by serum antibody. I. Removal of specific antibody by means of immuno-adsorption. J Exp Med 1969;130: 1175-1186.
    • (1969) J Exp Med , vol.130 , pp. 1175-1186
    • Graf, M.W.1    Uhr, J.W.2
  • 112
    • 0019231837 scopus 로고
    • The maintenance and regulation of the humoral immune response: Persisting antigen and the role of follicular antigen-binding dendritic cells as accessory cells
    • Tew JG, Phipps RP, Mandel TE: The maintenance and regulation of the humoral immune response: persisting antigen and the role of follicular antigen-binding dendritic cells as accessory cells. Immunol Rev 1980;53: 175-201.
    • (1980) Immunol Rev , vol.53 , pp. 175-201
    • Tew, J.G.1    Phipps, R.P.2    Mandel, T.E.3
  • 114
    • 0023856770 scopus 로고
    • The half-lives of serum immunoglobulins in adult mice
    • Vieira P, Rajewsky K: The half-lives of serum immunoglobulins in adult mice. Eur J Immunol 1988;18:313-316.
    • (1988) Eur J Immunol , vol.18 , pp. 313-316
    • Vieira, P.1    Rajewsky, K.2
  • 115
    • 0022975140 scopus 로고
    • Distinct short-lived and long-lived antibody-producing cell populations
    • Ho F, Lortan JE, MacLennan ICM, Khan M: Distinct short-lived and long-lived antibody-producing cell populations. Eur J Immunol 1986;16:1297-1301.
    • (1986) Eur J Immunol , vol.16 , pp. 1297-1301
    • Ho, F.1    Lortan, J.E.2    MacLennan, I.C.M.3    Khan, M.4
  • 116
    • 0025370195 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of memory B cells in mice deprived of T cell help
    • Vieira P, Rajewsky K: Persistence of memory B cells in mice deprived of T cell help. Int Immunol 1990; 2:487-494.
    • (1990) Int Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 487-494
    • Vieira, P.1    Rajewsky, K.2
  • 118
  • 121
    • 0031035465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection from immunopathological consequences of a viral infection by activated but not resting cytotoxic T-cells: T-cell memory without memory T-cells?
    • Bachmann MF, Kündig TM, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM: Protection from immunopathological consequences of a viral infection by activated but not resting cytotoxic T-cells: T-cell memory without memory T-cells? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:640-645.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.94 , pp. 640-645
    • Bachmann, M.F.1    Kündig, T.M.2    Hengartner, H.3    Zinkernagel, R.M.4
  • 123
    • 85038531422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Similar ligand densities required for restimulation and effector function of cytotoxic T cells
    • in press
    • Oxenius A, Bachmann MF: Similar ligand densities required for restimulation and effector function of cytotoxic T cells. Cell Immunol, in press.
    • Cell Immunol
    • Oxenius, A.1    Bachmann, M.F.2
  • 124
    • 0026033729 scopus 로고
    • Novel pathways of antigen presentation for the maintenance of memory
    • Gray D, Kosco M, Stockinger B: Novel pathways of antigen presentation for the maintenance of memory. Int Immunol 1991; 3:141-148.
    • (1991) Int Immunol , vol.3 , pp. 141-148
    • Gray, D.1    Kosco, M.2    Stockinger, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.