메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 241-250

Within germinal centers, isotype switching of immunoglobulin genes occurs after the onset of somatic mutation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN D;

EID: 0029933507     PISSN: 10747613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80432-X     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (259)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0025046393 scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutations in antibodies expressed by germinal center B cells early after primary immunization
    • Apel, M., and Berek, C. (1990). Somatic mutations in antibodies expressed by germinal center B cells early after primary immunization. Int. Immunol. 9, 813-819.
    • (1990) Int. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 813-819
    • Apel, M.1    Berek, C.2
  • 3
    • 0023161406 scopus 로고
    • Mutation drift and repertoire shift in the maturation of the immune response
    • Berek, G., and Milstein, C. (1987). Mutation drift and repertoire shift in the maturation of the immune response, Immunol. Rev. 96, 23-4.
    • (1987) Immunol. Rev. , vol.96 , pp. 23-24
    • Berek, G.1    Milstein, C.2
  • 4
    • 0026331458 scopus 로고
    • Maturation of immune responses in germinal centers
    • Berek, C., Berger, A., and Apel, M. (1991). Maturation of immune responses in germinal centers. Cell 67, 1121-1129.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.67 , pp. 1121-1129
    • Berek, C.1    Berger, A.2    Apel, M.3
  • 6
    • 0028939698 scopus 로고
    • + memory T cells contains preformed CD40 ligand that is rapidly but transiently expressed on their surface after activation through the T cell receptor complex
    • + memory T cells contains preformed CD40 ligand that is rapidly but transiently expressed on their surface after activation through the T cell receptor complex. J. Exp. Med. 181, 1293-1301.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Med. , vol.181 , pp. 1293-1301
    • Casamayor-Palleja, M.1    Khan, M.2    MacLennan, I.C.M.3
  • 7
    • 0023277545 scopus 로고
    • Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
    • Chomczynski, P., and Sacchi, N. (1987). Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162, 156-159.
    • (1987) Anal. Biochem. , vol.162 , pp. 156-159
    • Chomczynski, P.1    Sacchi, N.2
  • 8
    • 23444461024 scopus 로고
    • How B and T cells talk to each other
    • Clark, E.A., and Ledbetter, J.A. (1994). How B and T cells talk to each other. Nature 367, 425-428.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 425-428
    • Clark, E.A.1    Ledbetter, J.A.2
  • 9
    • 0027372064 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism and regulation of immunoglobulin isotype switching
    • Coffman, R.L., Lebman, D.A., and Rothman, P. (1993). Mechanism and regulation of immunoglobulin isotype switching. Adv. Immunol. 54, 229-270.
    • (1993) Adv. Immunol. , vol.54 , pp. 229-270
    • Coffman, R.L.1    Lebman, D.A.2    Rothman, P.3
  • 10
    • 0021888368 scopus 로고
    • Structure of primary anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies in normal and idiotypically suppressed C57BL/6 mice
    • Cumano, A., and Rajewsky, K. (1985). Structure of primary anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies in normal and idiotypically suppressed C57BL/6 mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 15, 512-520.
    • (1985) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.15 , pp. 512-520
    • Cumano, A.1    Rajewsky, K.2
  • 12
    • 0020339799 scopus 로고
    • The sequence of a human immunoglobulin epsilon heavy chain constant region gene, and evidence for three non-allelic genes
    • Flanagan, J.G., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1982). The sequence of a human immunoglobulin epsilon heavy chain constant region gene, and evidence for three non-allelic genes. EMBO J. 1, 655-660.
    • (1982) EMBO J. , vol.1 , pp. 655-660
    • Flanagan, J.G.1    Rabbitts, T.H.2
  • 13
    • 0021247949 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of divergence and convergence of the human immunoglobulin α1 and α2 constant region gene sequences
    • Flanagan, J.G., Lefranc, M.-P., and Rabbitts, T.H. (1984). Mechanisms of divergence and convergence of the human immunoglobulin α1 and α2 constant region gene sequences. Cell 36, 681-688.
    • (1984) Cell , vol.36 , pp. 681-688
    • Flanagan, J.G.1    Lefranc, M.-P.2    Rabbitts, T.H.3
  • 14
    • 0025032511 scopus 로고
    • Structure and expression of germline ε transcripts in human B cells induced by interleukin 4 to switch to IgE production
    • Gauchat, J.-F., Lebman, D.A., Coffman, R.L., Gascan, H., and de Vries, J.E. (1990). Structure and expression of germline ε transcripts in human B cells induced by interleukin 4 to switch to IgE production. J. Exp. Med. 172, 463-473.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Med. , vol.172 , pp. 463-473
    • Gauchat, J.-F.1    Lebman, D.A.2    Coffman, R.L.3    Gascan, H.4    De Vries, J.E.5
  • 15
    • 0027460507 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of molecules which distinguish functional compartments within germinal centers
    • Hardie, D.L., Johnson, G.D., Khan, M., and MacLennan, I.C.M. (1993). Quantitative analysis of molecules which distinguish functional compartments within germinal centers. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 997-1004.
    • (1993) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.23 , pp. 997-1004
    • Hardie, D.L.1    Johnson, G.D.2    Khan, M.3    MacLennan, I.C.M.4
  • 17
    • 0026067071 scopus 로고
    • A simple and efficient method for direct cloning of PCR products using ddT-tailed vectors
    • VOL
    • Holton, T.A., and Graham, M.W. (1990). A simple and efficient method for direct cloning of PCR products using ddT-tailed vectors. Nucl. Acids Res. VOL?, 1156-1157.
    • (1990) Nucl. Acids Res. , pp. 1156-1157
    • Holton, T.A.1    Graham, M.W.2
  • 18
    • 0022623585 scopus 로고
    • Sequence of a human immunoglobulin gamma 3 heavy chain constant region gene: Comparison with the other human Cγ genes
    • Huck, S., Fort, P., Crawford, D.H., Lefranc, M.-P., and Lefranc, G. (1986). Sequence of a human immunoglobulin gamma 3 heavy chain constant region gene: comparison with the other human Cγ genes. Nucl. Acids Res. 14, 1779-1789.
    • (1986) Nucl. Acids Res. , vol.14 , pp. 1779-1789
    • Huck, S.1    Fort, P.2    Crawford, D.H.3    Lefranc, M.-P.4    Lefranc, G.5
  • 19
    • 0028239134 scopus 로고
    • In vivo expression of human immunoglobulin germ-line mRNA in normal and immunodeficient individuals
    • Islam, K.B., Baskin, B., Christensson, B., Hammarström, L., and Smith, C.I.E. (1994). In vivo expression of human immunoglobulin germ-line mRNA in normal and immunodeficient individuals. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 95, 3-9.
    • (1994) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.95 , pp. 3-9
    • Islam, K.B.1    Baskin, B.2    Christensson, B.3    Hammarström, L.4    Smith, C.I.E.5
  • 20
    • 0025345212 scopus 로고
    • Circular DNA is excised by immunoglobulin class switch recombination
    • Iwasato, T., Shimizu, A., Honjo, T., and Yamagishi, H. (1990). Circular DNA is excised by immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Cell 62, 143-149.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.62 , pp. 143-149
    • Iwasato, T.1    Shimizu, A.2    Honjo, T.3    Yamagishi, H.4
  • 21
    • 0026670190 scopus 로고
    • In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl II. A common clonal origin for periarteriolar lymphoid sheath-associated foci and germinal centers
    • Jacob, J., and Kelsoe, G. (1992). In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl II. A common clonal origin for periarteriolar lymphoid sheath-associated foci and germinal centers. J. Exp. Med. 176, 679-687.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Med. , vol.176 , pp. 679-687
    • Jacob, J.1    Kelsoe, G.2
  • 22
    • 0025726702 scopus 로고
    • In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations
    • Jacob, J., Kassir, R., and Kelsoe, G. (1991a). In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl. I. The architecture and dynamics of responding cell populations. J. Exp. Med. 173, 1165-1175.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Med. , vol.173 , pp. 1165-1175
    • Jacob, J.1    Kassir, R.2    Kelsoe, G.3
  • 23
    • 0026060620 scopus 로고
    • Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres
    • Jacob, J., Kelsoe, G., Rajewsky, K., and Weiss, U. (1991b). Intraclonal generation of antibody mutants in germinal centres. Nature 354, 389-392.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.354 , pp. 389-392
    • Jacob, J.1    Kelsoe, G.2    Rajewsky, K.3    Weiss, U.4
  • 24
    • 0027417869 scopus 로고
    • Shutdown of class switch recombination by deletion of a switch region control element
    • Jung, S., Rajewsky, K., and Radbuch, A. (1993). Shutdown of class switch recombination by deletion of a switch region control element. Science 259, 984-987.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 984-987
    • Jung, S.1    Rajewsky, K.2    Radbuch, A.3
  • 25
    • 0020534350 scopus 로고
    • mRNA sequences define an unusually restricted IgG response to 2-phenyloxazolone and its early diversification
    • Kaartinen, M., Griffiths, G.M., Markham, A.F., and Milstein, C. (1983). mRNA sequences define an unusually restricted IgG response to 2-phenyloxazolone and its early diversification. Nature 304, 320-323.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 320-323
    • Kaartinen, M.1    Griffiths, G.M.2    Markham, A.F.3    Milstein, C.4
  • 26
    • 43949172221 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic re-entry of germinal center B cells and the efficiency of affinity maturation
    • Kepler, T.B., and Perelson, A.S. (1993). Cyclic re-entry of germinal center B cells and the efficiency of affinity maturation, Immunol. Today 14, 412-415.
    • (1993) Immunol. Today , vol.14 , pp. 412-415
    • Kepler, T.B.1    Perelson, A.S.2
  • 27
    • 0028033316 scopus 로고
    • Variable region gene analysis of B cell subsets derived from a 4-year-old child: Somatically mutated memory B cells accumulate in the peripheral blood already at young age
    • Klein, U., Küppers, R., and Rajewsky, K. (1994). Variable region gene analysis of B cell subsets derived from a 4-year-old child: somatically mutated memory B cells accumulate in the peripheral blood already at young age. J. Exp. Med. 180, 1383-1393.
    • (1994) J. Exp. Med. , vol.180 , pp. 1383-1393
    • Klein, U.1    Küppers, R.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 28
    • 0019971005 scopus 로고
    • Germinal centre B cells: Antigen specificity and changes in heavy chain class expression
    • Kraal, G., Weissman, I.L., and Butcher, E.C. (1982). Germinal centre B cells: antigen specificity and changes in heavy chain class expression. Nature 298, 377-379.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 377-379
    • Kraal, G.1    Weissman, I.L.2    Butcher, E.C.3
  • 30
    • 0026328818 scopus 로고
    • Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice
    • Kühn, R., Rajewsky, K., and Müller, W. (1991). Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice. Science 254, 707-710.
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 707-710
    • Kühn, R.1    Rajewsky, K.2    Müller, W.3
  • 31
    • 0027491651 scopus 로고
    • Tracing B cell development in human germinal centres by molecular analysis of single cells picked from histological sections
    • Küppers, R., Zhao, M., Hansmann, M.-L., and Rajewsky, K. (1993). Tracing B cell development in human germinal centres by molecular analysis of single cells picked from histological sections. EMBO J. 12, 4955-4967.
    • (1993) EMBO J. , vol.12 , pp. 4955-4967
    • Küppers, R.1    Zhao, M.2    Hansmann, M.-L.3    Rajewsky, K.4
  • 32
    • 0027056241 scopus 로고
    • Molecular interactions mediating T-B lymphocyte collaboration in human lymphoid follicles: Roles of T cell-B cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help
    • Lederman, S., Yellin, M.J., Inghirami, G., Lee, J.J., Knowles, D.M., and Chess, L. (1992). Molecular interactions mediating T-B lymphocyte collaboration in human lymphoid follicles: roles of T cell-B cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help. J. Immunol. 149, 3817-3826.
    • (1992) J. Immunol. , vol.149 , pp. 3817-3826
    • Lederman, S.1    Yellin, M.J.2    Inghirami, G.3    Lee, J.J.4    Knowles, D.M.5    Chess, L.6
  • 35
    • 0028964162 scopus 로고
    • Memory B cells from human tonsils colonize mucosal epithelium and directly present antigen to T cells by rapid up-regulation of B7-1 and B7-2
    • Liu, Y.-J., Barthelemy, C., de Bouteiller, O., Arpin, C., Durand, I., and Banchereau, J. (1995). Memory B cells from human tonsils colonize mucosal epithelium and directly present antigen to T cells by rapid up-regulation of B7-1 and B7-2. Immunity 2, 238-248.
    • (1995) Immunity , vol.2 , pp. 238-248
    • Liu, Y.-J.1    Barthelemy, C.2    De Bouteiller, O.3    Arpin, C.4    Durand, I.5    Banchereau, J.6
  • 36
    • 0025951891 scopus 로고
    • Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens
    • Liu, Y.-J., Zhang, J., Lane, P.J.L., Chan, E.Y.-T., and MacLennan, I.C.M. (1991). Sites of specific B cell activation in primary and secondary responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. Eur. J. Immunol. 21, 2951-2962.
    • (1991) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.21 , pp. 2951-2962
    • Liu, Y.-J.1    Zhang, J.2    Lane, P.J.L.3    Chan, E.Y.-T.4    MacLennan, I.C.M.5
  • 38
    • 0022297171 scopus 로고
    • The T cell independent immune response to the hapten NP uses a large repertoire of heavy chain genes
    • Maizels, N., and Bothwell, A. (1985). The T cell independent immune response to the hapten NP uses a large repertoire of heavy chain genes. Cell 43, 715-720.
    • (1985) Cell , vol.43 , pp. 715-720
    • Maizels, N.1    Bothwell, A.2
  • 39
    • 0024271495 scopus 로고
    • The T cell independent antigen NP-ficoll primes for high affinity IgM anti-NP response
    • Maizels, N., Lau, J.C., Blier, P.R., and Bothwell, A. (1988). The T cell independent antigen NP-ficoll primes for high affinity IgM anti-NP response. Mol. Immunol. 25, 1277-1282.
    • (1988) Mol. Immunol. , vol.25 , pp. 1277-1282
    • Maizels, N.1    Lau, J.C.2    Blier, P.R.3    Bothwell, A.4
  • 40
    • 0029917123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human germinal center B cells express the apoptosis inducing genes Fas, c-myc, P53 and Bax but not survival gene bcl-2
    • in press
    • Martinez-Valdez, H., Guret, C., de Bouteiller, O., Fugier, I., Banchereau, J., and Liu, Y.-J. (1996). Human germinal center B cells express the apoptosis inducing genes Fas, c-myc, P53 and Bax but not survival gene bcl-2. J. Exp. Med., in press.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Med.
    • Martinez-Valdez, H.1    Guret, C.2    De Bouteiller, O.3    Fugier, I.4    Banchereau, J.5    Liu, Y.-J.6
  • 41
    • 0025369706 scopus 로고
    • Switch circular DNA formed in cytokine-treated mouse splenocytes: Evidence for intramolecular DNA deletion in immunoglobulin class switching
    • Matsuoka, M., Yoshida, K., Maeda, T., Usuda, S., and Sakano, H. (1990). Switch circular DNA formed in cytokine-treated mouse splenocytes: evidence for intramolecular DNA deletion in immunoglobulin class switching. Cell 62, 135-142.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.62 , pp. 135-142
    • Matsuoka, M.1    Yoshida, K.2    Maeda, T.3    Usuda, S.4    Sakano, H.5
  • 45
    • 0014247921 scopus 로고
    • Antigens in immunology. XI. Ultrastructural features of antigen capture in primary and secondary lymphoid follicles
    • Nossal, G.J.V., Abbot, A., Mitchell, J., and Lummus, Z. (1968). Antigens in immunology. XI. Ultrastructural features of antigen capture in primary and secondary lymphoid follicles. J. Exp. Med. 121, 277-290.
    • (1968) J. Exp. Med. , vol.121 , pp. 277-290
    • Nossal, G.J.V.1    Abbot, A.2    Mitchell, J.3    Lummus, Z.4
  • 48
    • 0345671747 scopus 로고
    • Class-switch recombination is IgG1 specific on active and inactive IgH loci of IgG1-secreting B-cell blasts
    • Radbruch, A., Müller, W., and Rajewsky, K. (1986). Class-switch recombination is IgG1 specific on active and inactive IgH loci of IgG1-secreting B-cell blasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 3954-3957.
    • (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , pp. 3954-3957
    • Radbruch, A.1    Müller, W.2    Rajewsky, K.3
  • 51
    • 0025107997 scopus 로고
    • Heavy-chain class switch does not terminate somatic mutation
    • Shan, H., Schlomchik, M., and Weigert, M. (1990). Heavy-chain class switch does not terminate somatic mutation. J. Exp. Med. 172, 531-536.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Med. , vol.172 , pp. 531-536
    • Shan, H.1    Schlomchik, M.2    Weigert, M.3
  • 52
    • 0025828378 scopus 로고
    • Trans-splicing as a possible molecular mechanism for the multiple isotype expression of the immunoglobulin gene
    • Shimizu, A., Nussenzweig, M.C., Han, H., Sanchez, M., and Honjo, T. (1991). Trans-splicing as a possible molecular mechanism for the multiple isotype expression of the immunoglobulin gene. J. Exp. Med. 173, 1385-1393.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Med. , vol.173 , pp. 1385-1393
    • Shimizu, A.1    Nussenzweig, M.C.2    Han, H.3    Sanchez, M.4    Honjo, T.5
  • 54
  • 55
    • 0027994675 scopus 로고
    • Biology of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue
    • Thorbecke, G.J., Amin, A.R., and Tsiagbe, V.K. (1994). Biology of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue. FASEB J. 8, 832-840.
    • (1994) FASEB J. , vol.8 , pp. 832-840
    • Thorbecke, G.J.1    Amin, A.R.2    Tsiagbe, V.K.3
  • 56
    • 0025307495 scopus 로고
    • Circular DNA is a product of the immunoglobulin class switch rearrangement
    • von Schwedler, U., Jack, H.M., and Wabl, M. (1990). Circular DNA is a product of the immunoglobulin class switch rearrangement. Nature 345, 452-456.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 452-456
    • Von Schwedler, U.1    Jack, H.M.2    Wabl, M.3
  • 57
    • 0022503258 scopus 로고
    • Somatic evolution of variable region structures during an immune response
    • Wysocki, L., Manser, T., and Gefter, M.L. (1986). Somatic evolution of variable region structures during an immune response. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 1847-1851.
    • (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , pp. 1847-1851
    • Wysocki, L.1    Manser, T.2    Gefter, M.L.3
  • 58
    • 0027416856 scopus 로고
    • Replacement of germ-line ε promoter by gene targeting alters control of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching
    • Xu, L., Gorham, B., Li, S.C., Bottaro, A., Alt, F.W., and Rothman, P. (1993). Replacement of germ-line ε promoter by gene targeting alters control of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 3705-3709.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 3705-3709
    • Xu, L.1    Gorham, B.2    Li, S.C.3    Bottaro, A.4    Alt, F.W.5    Rothman, P.6
  • 59
    • 0019986015 scopus 로고
    • Expression of lymphocyte surface IgE does not require switch recombination
    • Yaoita, Y., Kumagai, Y., Okumura, K., and Honjo, T. (1982). Expression of lymphocyte surface IgE does not require switch recombination. Nature 297, 697-699.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.297 , pp. 697-699
    • Yaoita, Y.1    Kumagai, Y.2    Okumura, K.3    Honjo, T.4
  • 60
    • 0027273019 scopus 로고
    • A selective defect in IgG2b switching as a result of targeted mutation of the Iγ2b promoter and exon
    • Zhang, J., Bottaro, A., Li, S., Stewart, V., and Alt, F.W. (1993). A selective defect in IgG2b switching as a result of targeted mutation of the Iγ2b promoter and exon. EMBO J. 12, 3529-3537.
    • (1993) EMBO J. , vol.12 , pp. 3529-3537
    • Zhang, J.1    Bottaro, A.2    Li, S.3    Stewart, V.4    Alt, F.W.5
  • 61
    • 0028270151 scopus 로고
    • Switch circles from IL-4-directed epsilon class switching from human B lymphocytes: Evidence for direct, sequential, and multiple step sequential switch from μ to ε Ig heavy chain gene
    • Zhang, K., Mills, F.C., and Saxon, A. (1994). Switch circles from IL-4-directed epsilon class switching from human B lymphocytes: evidence for direct, sequential, and multiple step sequential switch from μ to ε Ig heavy chain gene. J. Immunol. 152, 3427-3435.
    • (1994) J. Immunol. , vol.152 , pp. 3427-3435
    • Zhang, K.1    Mills, F.C.2    Saxon, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.