An Escherichia coli expression assay and screen for human immunodeficiency virus protease variants with decreased susceptibility to indinavir

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 42, Issue 12, 1998, Pages 3256-3265

  Melnick, Laurence ^a   Yang, Shiow Shong ^a   Rossi, Rick ^a   Zepp, Charlie ^a   Heefner, Donald ^a  

^a DAINIPPON SUMITOMO PHARMA CO LTD   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENZYME VARIANT; GAG PROTEIN; INDINAVIR; PROTEINASE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE;

AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ARTICLE; COLORIMETRY; DRUG RESISTANCE; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GENE EXPRESSION SYSTEM; GENE LIBRARY; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOMBINANT GENE;

EID: 0031759247     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.12.3256     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Cadwell, R. C., and G. F. Joyce. 1994. Mutagenic PCR. PCR Methods Appl. 3:S136-S140.
2. Cadwell, R. C., and G. F. Joyce. 1992. Randomization of genes by PCR mutagenesis. PCR Methods Appl. 2:28-33.
3. Cheng, Y. S., M. H. McGowan, C. A. Kettner, J. V. Schloss, S. Erickson-Viitanen, and F. H. Yin. 1990. High-level synthesis of recombinant HIV-1 protease and the recovery of active enzyme from inclusion bodies. Gene 87: 243-248.
4. Condra, J. H., D. J. Holder, W. A. Schleif, O. M. Blahy, R. M. Danovich, L. J. Gabryelski, D. J. Graham, D. Laird, J. C. Quintero, A. Rhodes, H. L. Robbins, E. Roth, M. Shivaprakash, T. Yang, J. A. Chodakewitz, P. J. Deutsch, R. Y. Leavitt, F. E. Massari, J. W. Mellors, K. E. Squires, R. T. Steigbigel, H. Teppler, and E. A. Emini. 1996. Genetic correlates of in vivo viral resistance to indinavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor. J. Virol. 70:8270-8276.
5. Condra, J. H., W. A. Schleif, O. M. Blahy, L. J. Gabryelski, D. J. Graham, J. C. Quintero, A. Rhodes, H. L. Robbins, E. Roth, M. Shivaprakash, D. Titus, T. Yang, H. Teppler, K. E. Squires, P. J. Deutsch, and E. A. Emini. 1995. In vivo emergence of HIV-1 variants resistant to multiple protease inhibitors. Nature 374:569-571.
6. 5a. Craig, C., E. Race, J. Sheldon, L. Whittaker, S. Gilbert, A. Moffatt, J. Rose, S. Dissanayeke, G. W. Chirn, I. B. Duncan, and N. Cammack. 1998. HIV protease genotype and viral sensitivity to HIV protease inhibitors following saquinavir therapy. AIDS 12:1611-1618.
7. Deeks, S., M. Smith, M. Holodniy, and J. O. Kahn. 1997. HIV-1 protease inhibitors. A review for clinicians. JAMA 277:145-153.
8. De Pasquale, M. P., R. Murphy, R. Gulick, L. Smeaton, J.-P. Sommadossi, V. Degruttola, A. Calendo, D. Kuritzkes, L. Sutton, A. Savara, and R. D'Aquilla. 1998. Mutations selected in HIV plasma RNA during 141W94 therapy. In Abstracts of the Fifth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.
9. Doyon, L., G. Croteau, D. Thibeault, F. Poulin, L. Pilote, and D. Lamarre. 1996. Second locus involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to protease inhibitors. J. Virol. 70:3763-3769.
10. Gulnik, S. V., L. I. Suvorov, B. Liu, B. Yu, B. Anderson, H. Mitsuya, and J. W. Erickson. 1995. Kinetic characterization and cross-resistance patterns of HIV-1 protease mutants selected under drug pressure. Biochemistry 34: 9282-9287.
11. Hedge, P. J., and B. G. Spratt. 1985. Amino acid substitutions that reduce the affinity of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli for cephalexin. Eur. J. Biochem. 151:111-121.
12. Hedge, P. J., and B. G. Spratt. 1985. Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by remodelling the active site of an E. coli penicillin-binding protein. Nature 318:478-480.
13. Ho, D. D., T. Toyoshima, H. Mo, D. J. Kempf, D. Norbeck, C.-M. Chen, N. E. Wideburg, S. K. Burt, J. W. Erickson, and M. K. Singh. 1994. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with increased resistance to a C2-symmetric protease inhibitor. J. Virol. 68:2016-2020.
14. Ives, K. J., H. Jacobsen, S. A. Galpin, M. M. Garaev, L. Dorrell, J. Mous, K. Bragman, and J. N. Weber. 1997. Emergence of resistant variants of HIV in vivo during monotherapy with the proteinase inhibitor saquinavir. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 39:771-779.
15. Jacobsen, H., K. Yasargil, D. L. Winslow, J. C. Craig, A. Krohn, I. B. Duncan, and J. Mous. 1995. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants with decreased sensitivity to proteinase inhibitor Ro 31-8959. Virology 206:527-534.
16. Kaplan, A. H., S. F. Michael, R. S. Wehbie, M. F. Knigge, D. A. Paul, L. Everitt, D. J. Kempf, D. W. Norbeck, J. W. Erickson, and R. Swanstrom. 1994. Selection of multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants that encode viral proteases with decreased sensitivity to an inhibitor of the viral protease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:5597-5601.
17. Kozal, M. J., N. Shah, N. Shen, R. Yang, R. Fucini, T. C. Merigan, D. D. Richman, D. Morris, E. Hubbell, M. Chee, and T. R. Gingeras. 1996. Extensive polymorphisms observed in HIV-1 clade B protease gene using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat. Med. 7:753-759.
18. Lee, T. G., Y. D. Kwon, H. I. Choi, H. J. Chang, S. Y. Hyang, S. C. Kim, and Y. J. Yoo. 1996. Analysis of HIV-1 variants resistant to irreversible protease inhibitors, LB71148 and LB71262. In Abstracts of the XI International Conference on AIDS.
19. Lehr, P., A. Billich, B. Charpiot, P. Ettmayer, D. Scholz, B. Rosenwirth, and H. Gstach. 1996. Inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease containing 2-aminobenzyl-substituted 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoic acid: synthesis, activity, and oral bioavailability. J. Med. Chem. 39: 2060-2067.
20. Lin, X. L., Y. Z. Lin, and J. Tang. 1994. Relationships of human immunodeficiency virus protease with eukaryotic aspartic proteases. Methods Enzymol. 241:195-224.
21. Loeb, D. D., C. A. Hutchison, M. H. Edgell, W. G. Farmerie, and R. Swanstrom. 1989. Mutational analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease suggests functional homology with aspartic proteinases. J. Virol. 63: 111-121.
22. Loeb, D. D., R. Swanstrom, L. Everitt, M. Manchester, S. E. Stamper, and C. A. Hutchison. 1989. Complete mutagenesis of the HIV-1 protease. Nature 340:397-400.
23. Maschera, B., G. Darby, G. Palu, L. L. Wright, M. Tisdale, R. Myers, E. D. Blair, and E. S. Furfine. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus. Mutations in the viral protease that confer resistance to saquinavir increase the dissociation rate constant of the protease-saquinavir complex. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 33231-33235.
24. Molla, A., M. Korneyeva, Q. Gao, S. Vasavanonda, P. J. Schipper, H. M. Mo, M. Markowitz, T. Chernyavskiy, P. Niu, N. Lyons, A. Hsu, G. R. Granneman, D. D. Ho, C. A. Boucher, J. M. Leonard, D. W. Norbeck, and D. J. Kempf. 1996. Ordered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir. Nat. Med. 2:760-766.
25. Moore, M. L., W. M. Bryan, S. A. Fakhoury, V. W. Magaard, W. F. Huffman, B. D. Dayton, T. D. Meek, L. Hyland, G. B. Dreyer, B. W. Metcalf, J. E. Strickler, J. G. Gorniak, and C. Debouk. 1989. Peptide substrates and inhibitors of the HIV-1 protease. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 159: 420-425.
26. Partaledis, J. A., K. Yamaguchi, M. Tisdale, E. E. Blair, C. Falcione, B. Maschera, R. E. Myers, S. Pazhanisamy, O. Futer, A. B. Cullinan, C. M. Stuver, R. A. Byrn, and D. J. Livingston. 1995. In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates with reduced sensitivity to hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide inhibitors of HIV-1 aspartyl protease. J. Virol. 69:5228-5235.
27. Patick, A. K., H. Mo. M. Markowitz, K. Appelt, B. Wu, L. Musick, V. Kalish, S. Kaldor, S. Reich, D. Ho, and S. Webber. 1996. Antiviral and resistance studies of AG1343, an orally bioavailahle inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:292-297.
28. Porter, D. C., D. C. Ansardi, W. S. Choi, and C. D. Morrow. 1993. Encapsidation of genetically engineered poliovirus minireplicons which express human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag and Pol proteins upon infection. J. Virol. 67:3712-3719.
29. Richman, D., V. A. Johnson, D. L. Mayers, T. Shirasaka, M. C. O'Brien, and H. Mitsuya. 1993. In vitro evaluation of experimental agents for anti-HIV activity, p. 12.9.1.-12.9.21. In J. E. Coligan, A. M. Kruisbeek, D. H. Margulies, E. M. Shevach, and W. Strober (ed.), Current protocols in immunology. J. Wiley, Brooklyn, N.Y.
30. Rose, J. R., R. Salto, and C. S. Craik. 1993. Regulation of autoproteolysis of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases with engineered amino acid substitutions. J. Biol. Chem. 268:11939-11945.
31. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
32. Schapiro, J. M., M. A. Winters, M. Vierra, S. Crawford, and T. C. Merigan. 1998. Lymph node human immunodeficiency virus RNA levels and resistance mutations in patients receiving high-dose saquinavir. J. Infect. Dis. 2: 477-480.
33. Schock, H. B., V. M. Garsky, and L. C. Kuo. 1996. Mutational anatomy of an HlV-1 protease variant conferring cross-resistance to protease inhibitors in clinical trials. Compensatory modulations of binding and activity. J. Biol. Chem. 271:31957-31963.
34. Studier, F. W., and B. A. Moffatt. 1986. Use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to direct selective high-level expression of cloned genes. J. Mol. Biol. 189:113-130.
35. Yamada, A., B. Anderson, S. Kageyama, J. Erickson, T. Ueno, H. Hayashi, and H. Mitsuya. 1996. Detection of mutations conferring on HIV-1 drug resistance in patients receiving KNI-272. In Abstracts of the XI International Conference on AIDS.
36. Zhang, Y.-M., H. Imamichi, T. Imamichi, H. C. Lane, J. Falloon, M. B. Vasudevachari, and N. P. Salzman. 1997. Drug resistance during indinavir therapy is caused by mutations in the protease gene and in its Gag substrate cleavage sites. J. Virol. 71:6662-6670.