메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 12, 1998, Pages 4188-4197

Production of reactive oxygen intermediates following CD40 ligation correlates with c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and IL-6 secretion in murine B lymphocytes

Author keywords

c Jun N terminal kinase; CD40; IL 6; NF B; Reactive oxygen intermediate

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 39; INTERLEUKIN 6; LUCIFERASE; MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; PROTEIN KINASE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

EID: 0031739197     PISSN: 00142980     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199812)28:12<4188::AID-IMMU4188>3.0.CO;2-B     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (50)
  • 3
    • 23444461024 scopus 로고
    • How B and T cells talk to each other
    • Clark, E. A. and Ledbetter, J. A., How B and T cells talk to each other. Nature 1994. 367: 425-428.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 425-428
    • Clark, E.A.1    Ledbetter, J.A.2
  • 4
    • 0028527386 scopus 로고
    • CD40 and its ligand in the regulation of humoral immunity
    • Klaus, S. J., Berberich, L, Shu, G. and Clark, E. A., CD40 and its ligand in the regulation of humoral immunity. Semin, Immunol. 1994. 6: 279-286.
    • (1994) Semin, Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 279-286
    • Klaus, S.J.1    Berberich, L.2    Shu, G.3    Clark, E.A.4
  • 5
    • 0030210233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different CD40-mediated signaling events require distinct CD40 structural features
    • Hostager, B. S., Hsing, Y., Harms, D. E. and Bishop, G. A., Different CD40-mediated signaling events require distinct CD40 structural features. J. Immunol. 1996. 157: 1047-1053.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.157 , pp. 1047-1053
    • Hostager, B.S.1    Hsing, Y.2    Harms, D.E.3    Bishop, G.A.4
  • 6
  • 7
    • 0031573208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of CD40 signaling determinants regulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation in B lymphocytes
    • Hsing, Y., Hostager, B. S. and Bishop, G. A., Characterization of CD40 signaling determinants regulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation in B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 1997. 159: 4898-4906.
    • (1997) J. Immunol. , vol.159 , pp. 4898-4906
    • Hsing, Y.1    Hostager, B.S.2    Bishop, G.A.3
  • 8
    • 0025955702 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphoinositide turnover, and multiple previously unidentified serine/threonine-specific protein kinases by the pan-B-cell receptor CD40/Bp50 at discrete developmental stages of human B-cell ontogeny
    • Uckun, F. M., Schieven, G. L., Dibirdik, I., Chandan-Langlie, M., Tuel-Ahlgren, L. and Ledbetter, J. A., Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphoinositide turnover, and multiple previously unidentified serine/threonine-specific protein kinases by the pan-B-cell receptor CD40/Bp50 at discrete developmental stages of human B-cell ontogeny. J. Biol. Chem. 1991. 266: 17478-17485.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 17478-17485
    • Uckun, F.M.1    Schieven, G.L.2    Dibirdik, I.3    Chandan-Langlie, M.4    Tuel-Ahlgren, L.5    Ledbetter, J.A.6
  • 9
    • 0028276378 scopus 로고
    • CD40 signaling pathway: Anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody induces rapid dephosphorylation and phosphorylation of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins including protein tyrosine kinase Lyn, Fyn, and Syk and the appearance of a 28-kD tyrosine phosphorylated protein
    • Faris, M., Gaskin, F., Parson, T. and Fu, S. M., CD40 signaling pathway: anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody induces rapid dephosphorylation and phosphorylation of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins including protein tyrosine kinase Lyn, Fyn, and Syk and the appearance of a 28-kD tyrosine phosphorylated protein. J. Exp. Med. 1994. 179: 1923-1931.
    • (1994) J. Exp. Med. , vol.179 , pp. 1923-1931
    • Faris, M.1    Gaskin, F.2    Parson, T.3    Fu, S.M.4
  • 10
    • 0027979446 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction via CD40 involves activation of lyn kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2
    • Ren, C. L., Morio, T., Fu, S. M. and Geha, R. S., Signal transduction via CD40 involves activation of lyn kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2. J. Exp. Med. 1994. 179: 673-680.
    • (1994) J. Exp. Med. , vol.179 , pp. 673-680
    • Ren, C.L.1    Morio, T.2    Fu, S.M.3    Geha, R.S.4
  • 11
    • 0029620212 scopus 로고
    • Selective activation of c-Jun kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase by CD40 on human B cells
    • Sakata, N., Patel, H, R., Terada, N., Aruffo, A., Johnson, G. L. and Gelfand, E. W., Selective activation of c-Jun kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase by CD40 on human B cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1995. 270: 30823-30828.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 30823-30828
    • Sakata, N.1    Patel, H.R.2    Terada, N.3    Aruffo, A.4    Johnson, G.L.5    Gelfand, E.W.6
  • 12
    • 0030069905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-linking CD40 on B cells preferentially induces stress-activated protein kinases rather than mitogen-activated protein kinases
    • Berberich, I., Shu, G., Siebelt, F., Woodgett, J. R., Kyriakis, J. M. and Clark, E. A., Cross-linking CD40 on B cells preferentially induces stress-activated protein kinases rather than mitogen-activated protein kinases. EMBO J. 1996. 15: 92-101.
    • (1996) EMBO J. , vol.15 , pp. 92-101
    • Berberich, I.1    Shu, G.2    Siebelt, F.3    Woodgett, J.R.4    Kyriakis, J.M.5    Clark, E.A.6
  • 13
    • 0030586679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD40 ligation results in protein kinase C-independent activation of ERK and JNK in resting murine splenic B cells
    • Li, Y.-Y., Baccam, M., Waters, S. B., Pessin, J. E., Bishop, G. A. and Koretzky, G. A., CD40 ligation results in protein kinase C-independent activation of ERK and JNK in resting murine splenic B cells. J. Immunol. 1996. 157: 1440-1447.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.157 , pp. 1440-1447
    • Li, Y.-Y.1    Baccam, M.2    Waters, S.B.3    Pessin, J.E.4    Bishop, G.A.5    Koretzky, G.A.6
  • 14
    • 0032032885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential coupling of membrane Ig and CD40 to the extracellularly regulated kinase signaling pathway
    • Purkerson, J. M. and Parker, D. C., Differential coupling of membrane Ig and CD40 to the extracellularly regulated kinase signaling pathway. J. Immunol. 1998. 160: 2121-2129.
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.160 , pp. 2121-2129
    • Purkerson, J.M.1    Parker, D.C.2
  • 15
    • 0000384570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-terminal kinase, activation correlates with surface IgM-mediated apoptosis in the WEHI 231 B Cell Line
    • 2-terminal kinase, activation correlates with surface IgM-mediated apoptosis in the WEHI 231 B Cell Line. J. Immunol. 1998. 161: 1637-1644.
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.161 , pp. 1637-1644
    • Lee, J.R.1    Koretzky, G.A.2
  • 16
    • 0028073283 scopus 로고
    • MAPKs: New JNK expands the group
    • Davis, R. J., MAPKs: new JNK expands the group. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1994. 19: 470-473.
    • (1994) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 470-473
    • Davis, R.J.1
  • 18
    • 0030175485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and regulation of gene expression
    • Su, B. and Karin, M., Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and regulation of gene expression. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 1996. 8: 402-411.
    • (1996) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 402-411
    • Su, B.1    Karin, M.2
  • 19
    • 0029020218 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of reactive oxygen species in cytokine and growth factor induction of c-fos expression in chondrocytes
    • Lo, Y. Y. C. and Cruz, T. F., Involvement of reactive oxygen species in cytokine and growth factor induction of c-fos expression in chondrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 1995. 270: 11727-11730.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 11727-11730
    • Lo, Y.Y.C.1    Cruz, T.F.2
  • 20
    • 0029885118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of oxidative stress and glutathione synthesis to CD95 (Fas/Apo-1)-mediated apoptosis of adult T cell leukemia cells
    • Kohno, T., Yamada, Y., Hata, T., Mori, H., Yamamura, M., Tomonaga, M., Urata, Y., Goto, S. and Kondo, T., Relation of oxidative stress and glutathione synthesis to CD95 (Fas/Apo-1)-mediated apoptosis of adult T cell leukemia cells. J. Immunol. 1996. 156: 4722-4728.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 4722-4728
    • Kohno, T.1    Yamada, Y.2    Hata, T.3    Mori, H.4    Yamamura, M.5    Tomonaga, M.6    Urata, Y.7    Goto, S.8    Kondo, T.9
  • 22
    • 0025739254 scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor and HIV-1
    • Schreck, R., Rieber, P. and Baeuerle, P. A., Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor and HIV-1. EMBO J. 1991. 10: 2247-2258.
    • (1991) EMBO J. , vol.10 , pp. 2247-2258
    • Schreck, R.1    Rieber, P.2    Baeuerle, P.A.3
  • 23
    • 0028152658 scopus 로고
    • Cross-linking CD40 on B cells rapidly activates nuclear factor-kappa B
    • Berberich, I., Shu, G. L. and Clark, E. A., Cross-linking CD40 on B cells rapidly activates nuclear factor-kappa B. J. Immunol. 1994. 153: 4357-4366.
    • (1994) J. Immunol. , vol.153 , pp. 4357-4366
    • Berberich, I.1    Shu, G.L.2    Clark, E.A.3
  • 24
    • 0031594708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel I(greek small letter script kappa)Bα proteolytic pathway in WEHI 231 immature B cells
    • Miyamoto, S., Seufzer, B. J. and Shumway, S. D., Novel I(greek small letter script kappa)Bα proteolytic pathway in WEHI 231 immature B cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1998. 18: 19-29.
    • (1998) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 19-29
    • Miyamoto, S.1    Seufzer, B.J.2    Shumway, S.D.3
  • 25
    • 0028950221 scopus 로고
    • Induction of the transcription factors NF-kappa B, AP-1 and NF-AT during B cell stimulation through the CD40 receptor
    • Francis, D. A., Karras, J. G., Ke, X. Y., Sen, R. and Rothstein, T. L., Induction of the transcription factors NF-kappa B, AP-1 and NF-AT during B cell stimulation through the CD40 receptor. Int. Immunol. 1995. 7: 151-161.
    • (1995) Int. Immunol. , vol.7 , pp. 151-161
    • Francis, D.A.1    Karras, J.G.2    Ke, X.Y.3    Sen, R.4    Rothstein, T.L.5
  • 26
    • 0027959628 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by N-acetyl-L-cysteine of interleukin-6 mRNa induction and activation of NF kappa B by tumor necrosis factor alpha in a mouse fibroblastic cell line, BALB/3T3
    • Shibanuma, M., Kuroki, T. and Nose, K., Inhibition by N-acetyl-L-cysteine of interleukin-6 mRNA induction and activation of NF kappa B by tumor necrosis factor alpha in a mouse fibroblastic cell line, BALB/3T3. FEBS Lett. 1994. 353: 62-66.
    • (1994) FEBS Lett. , vol.353 , pp. 62-66
    • Shibanuma, M.1    Kuroki, T.2    Nose, K.3
  • 27
    • 0029959753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits the production of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by human endothelial cells in response to inflammatory mediators: Modulation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 transcription factors activity
    • Munoz, C., Pascual-Salcedo, D., Castellanos, M. C., Alfranca, A., Aragones, J., Vara, A., Redondo, M. J. and de Landazuri, M. O., Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits the production of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by human endothelial cells in response to inflammatory mediators: modulation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 transcription factors activity. Blood 1996. 88: 3482-3490.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.88 , pp. 3482-3490
    • Munoz, C.1    Pascual-Salcedo, D.2    Castellanos, M.C.3    Alfranca, A.4    Aragones, J.5    Vara, A.6    Redondo, M.J.7    De Landazuri, M.O.8
  • 31
    • 0028366737 scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, hyper-IgM syndrome, and severe combined immunodeficiency in humans
    • Aruff, A., Hollenbaugh, D., Wu, L. H. and Ochs, H. D., The molecular basis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, hyper-IgM syndrome, and severe combined immunodeficiency in humans. Curr. Opin. Hematol. 1994. 1: 12-18.
    • (1994) Curr. Opin. Hematol. , vol.1 , pp. 12-18
    • Aruff, A.1    Hollenbaugh, D.2    Wu, L.H.3    Ochs, H.D.4
  • 32
    • 0024475227 scopus 로고
    • NF-kappa B: A pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control
    • Lenardo, M. J. and Baltimore, D., NF-kappa B: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Cell 1989. 58: 227-229.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.58 , pp. 227-229
    • Lenardo, M.J.1    Baltimore, D.2
  • 33
    • 0027618650 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the NF-kappa B/rel transcription factor and I kappa B inhibitor system
    • Liou, H. C. and Baltimore, D., Regulation of the NF-kappa B/rel transcription factor and I kappa B inhibitor system. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 1993. 5: 477-487.
    • (1993) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 477-487
    • Liou, H.C.1    Baltimore, D.2
  • 34
    • 0025126555 scopus 로고
    • Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview
    • Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J. M. C., Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. Methods Enzymol. 1990. 186: 1-85.
    • (1990) Methods Enzymol. , vol.186 , pp. 1-85
    • Halliwell, B.1    Gutteridge, J.M.C.2
  • 36
    • 0028099150 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction for nuclear factor-(greek small letter script kappa)B activation. Proposed location of antioxidant-inhibitable step
    • Suzuki, Y. J., Mizuno, M. and Packer, L., Signal transduction for nuclear factor-(greek small letter script kappa)B activation. Proposed location of antioxidant-inhibitable step. J. Immunol. 1994. 153: 5008-5015.
    • (1994) J. Immunol. , vol.153 , pp. 5008-5015
    • Suzuki, Y.J.1    Mizuno, M.2    Packer, L.3
  • 37
    • 0027320610 scopus 로고
    • Free radicals in inflammation: Second messengers and mediators of tissue destruction
    • Winrow, V. R., Winyard, P. G., Morris, C. J. and Blake, D. R., Free radicals in inflammation: second messengers and mediators of tissue destruction. Br. Med. Bull. 1993. 49: 506-522.
    • (1993) Br. Med. Bull. , vol.49 , pp. 506-522
    • Winrow, V.R.1    Winyard, P.G.2    Morris, C.J.3    Blake, D.R.4
  • 38
    • 0029126754 scopus 로고
    • Redox signalling by transcription factors NF-(greek small letter script kappa)B and AP-1 in lymphocytes
    • Schulze-Osthoff, K., Los, M. and Baeuerle, P. A., Redox signalling by transcription factors NF-(greek small letter script kappa)B and AP-1 in lymphocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1995. 50: 735-741.
    • (1995) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.50 , pp. 735-741
    • Schulze-Osthoff, K.1    Los, M.2    Baeuerle, P.A.3
  • 39
    • 0029164695 scopus 로고
    • IL-2 gene expression and NF-(greek small letter script kappa)B activation through CD28 requires reactive oxygen production by 5-lipoxygenase
    • Los, M., Schenk, H., Hexel, K., Baeuerle, P. A., Droge, W. and Schulze-Osthoff, K., IL-2 gene expression and NF-(greek small letter script kappa)B activation through CD28 requires reactive oxygen production by 5-lipoxygenase. EMBO J. 1995. 14: 3731-3740.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 3731-3740
    • Los, M.1    Schenk, H.2    Hexel, K.3    Baeuerle, P.A.4    Droge, W.5    Schulze-Osthoff, K.6
  • 40
    • 0029912652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rac1 regulates a cytokine-stimulated, redox-dependent pathway necessary for NF-(greek small letter script kappa)B activation
    • Sulciner, D. J., Irani, K., Yu, Z. X., Ferrans, V. J., Goldschmidt-Clermont, P. and Finkel, T., rac1 regulates a cytokine-stimulated, redox-dependent pathway necessary for NF-(greek small letter script kappa)B activation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1996. 16: 7115-7121.
    • (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 7115-7121
    • Sulciner, D.J.1    Irani, K.2    Yu, Z.X.3    Ferrans, V.J.4    Goldschmidt-Clermont, P.5    Finkel, T.6
  • 41
    • 0027328056 scopus 로고
    • Depletion of the mitochondrial electron transport abrogates the cytotoxic and gene-inductive effects of TNF
    • Schulze-Osthoff, K., Beyaert, R., Vandevoorde, V., Haegeman, G. and Fiers, W., Depletion of the mitochondrial electron transport abrogates the cytotoxic and gene-inductive effects of TNF. EMBO J. 1993. 12: 3095-3104.
    • (1993) EMBO J. , vol.12 , pp. 3095-3104
    • Schulze-Osthoff, K.1    Beyaert, R.2    Vandevoorde, V.3    Haegeman, G.4    Fiers, W.5
  • 42
    • 0029983730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p38/RK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates interleukin-6 synthesis response to tumor necrosis factor
    • Beyaert, R., Cuenda, A., Berghe, W. V., Plaisance, S., Lee, J. C., Haegeman, G., Cohen, P. and Fiers, W., The p38/RK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates interleukin-6 synthesis response to tumor necrosis factor. EMBO J. 1996. 15: 1914-1923.
    • (1996) EMBO J. , vol.15 , pp. 1914-1923
    • Beyaert, R.1    Cuenda, A.2    Berghe, W.V.3    Plaisance, S.4    Lee, J.C.5    Haegeman, G.6    Cohen, P.7    Fiers, W.8
  • 43
    • 0024596776 scopus 로고
    • Manganese Superoxide dismutase in normal and transformed human embryonic lung fibroblasts
    • Oberley, L. W., McCormick, M. L., Sierra-Rivera, E. and St. Clair, D. K., Manganese Superoxide dismutase in normal and transformed human embryonic lung fibroblasts. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 1989. 6: 379-384.
    • (1989) Free Rad. Biol. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 379-384
    • Oberley, L.W.1    McCormick, M.L.2    Sierra-Rivera, E.3    St Clair, D.K.4
  • 44
    • 0028279314 scopus 로고
    • Differential responses to Ig and class II-mediated signals in splenic B cell subsets from normal and autoimmune mice
    • Bishop, G. A., Ramirez, L. M. and Waldschmidt, T. J., Differential responses to Ig and class II-mediated signals in splenic B cell subsets from normal and autoimmune mice. Int. Immunol. 1994. 6: 1049-1059.
    • (1994) Int. Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 1049-1059
    • Bishop, G.A.1    Ramirez, L.M.2    Waldschmidt, T.J.3
  • 45
    • 0025911045 scopus 로고
    • The expression of B cell surface receptors. III. The murine low-affinity IgE Fc receptor is not expressed on Ly1 or 'Ly1-like' B cells
    • Waldschmidt, T. J., Kroese, F. G. M., Tygrett, L. T., Conrad, D. H. and Lynch, R. G., The expression of B cell surface receptors. III. The murine low-affinity IgE Fc receptor is not expressed on Ly1 or 'Ly1-like' B cells. Int. Immunol. 1991. 3: 305-315.
    • (1991) Int. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 305-315
    • Waldschmidt, T.J.1    Kroese, F.G.M.2    Tygrett, L.T.3    Conrad, D.H.4    Lynch, R.G.5
  • 46
    • 0020625894 scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric studies of oxidative product formation by neutrophils: A graded response to membrane stimulation
    • Bass, D. A., Parce, J. W., Dechatelet, L. R., Szejda, P., Seeds, M. C. and Thomas, M., Flow cytometric studies of oxidative product formation by neutrophils: a graded response to membrane stimulation. J. Immunol. 1983. 130: 1910-1918.
    • (1983) J. Immunol. , vol.130 , pp. 1910-1918
    • Bass, D.A.1    Parce, J.W.2    Dechatelet, L.R.3    Szejda, P.4    Seeds, M.C.5    Thomas, M.6
  • 48
    • 0030038488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas ligation induces apoptosis and Jun kinase activation independently of CD45 and Lck in human T cells
    • Latinis, K. M. and Koretzky, G. A., Fas ligation induces apoptosis and Jun kinase activation independently of CD45 and Lck in human T cells. Blood 1996. 87: 871-875.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.87 , pp. 871-875
    • Latinis, K.M.1    Koretzky, G.A.2
  • 49
    • 0026725397 scopus 로고
    • Electroporation in 'intracellular' buffer increases cell survival
    • van den Hoff, M. J. B., Moorman, A. F. M. and Lamers, W. H., Electroporation in 'intracellular' buffer increases cell survival. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992. 20: 2902.
    • (1992) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.20 , pp. 2902
    • Van Den Hoff, M.J.B.1    Moorman, A.F.M.2    Lamers, W.H.3
  • 50
    • 0024402834 scopus 로고
    • An assay for Superoxide dismutase activity in mammalian tissue homogenates
    • Spitz, D. R. and Oberley, L. W., An assay for Superoxide dismutase activity in mammalian tissue homogenates. Anal. Biochem. 1989. 179: 8-18.
    • (1989) Anal. Biochem. , vol.179 , pp. 8-18
    • Spitz, D.R.1    Oberley, L.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.