The potential role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 212-216

  Giovannoni, G ^b   Heales, S J R ^a   Land, J M ^a   Thompson, E J ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Multiple sclerosis; Nitrate; Nitric oxide; Nitric oxide synthase; Nitrite

Indexed keywords

NITRATE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITRITE; PEROXYNITRITE;

ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ARTICLE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD LEVEL; BRAIN ATROPHY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CYTOTOXICITY; DEMYELINATION; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVE BLOCK; NERVE CELL CULTURE; NERVE FIBER; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PATHOGENESIS; RELAPSE; RESPIRATORY CHAIN; URINE LEVEL;

EID: 0031679809     PISSN: 13524585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/135245859800400323     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Martin R, McFarland HF. (1995) Immunological aspects of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 32: 121 - 182.
2. Allen IV. (1991) Pathology and its implications. In: Matthews WB, (ed.) McAlpine's multiple sclerosis. 2nd ed. Churchill-Livingstone: Edinburgh, pp. 341 - 378.
3. Moncada S, Higgs A. (1993) The L-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Pathway. N Engl J Med 329: 2002 - 2012.
4. Merrill JE, Benveniste EN. (1996) Cytokines in inflammatory brain lesions: helpful and harmful. Trends Neurosci 19: 331 - 338.
5. Johnson AW et al. (1995) Evidence for increased nitric oxide production in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 58: 107.
6. Qureshi GA, Halawa A, Baig S, Siden A. (1996) Multiple sclerosis and neurotransmission. Biogenic Amines 12: 353 - 376.
7. Giovannoni G. (1997) Cerebrospinal fluid and serum nitric oxide metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis, In press.
8. Giovannoni G et al. (1997) Raised serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 145: 77 - 81.
9. Bö L et al. (1994) Induction of nitric oxide synthase in demyelinating regions of multiple sclerosis brains. Ann Neurol 36: 778 - 786.
10. Bagasara O et al. (1995) Activation of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase in the brains of patients with multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 12041 - 12045.
11. Beckman JS et al. (1990) Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 1620 - 1624.
12. Merrill JE et al. (1993) Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide. J Immunol 51: 2132 - 2141.
13. Mackenzie-Graham AJ, Mitrovic B, Smoll A, Merrill JE. (1994) Differential sensitivity to nitric oxide in immortalised, cloned murine oligodendrocyte cell lines. Dev Neurosci 16: 162 - 171.
14. Mitrovic B et al. (1994) Nitric oxide as a potential pathological mechanism in demyelination: its differential effects on primary glial cells in vitro. Neuroscience 61: 575-585.
15. Boje KM, Arora K (1992) Microglial-produced nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen oxides mediate neuronal cell death. Brain Res 587: 250-256.
16. Bolaños JP, Heales SJR, Land JM, Clark JB. (1994) Effect of peroxynitrite on the mitochondrial respiratory chain: differential susceptibility of neurones and astrocytes in primary culture. J Neurochem 64: 1965 - 1972.
17. Chartrain NA et al. (1994) Molecular cloning, structure, and chromosomal localization of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem 269: 6765 - 6772.
18. Lyons CR, Orloff GJ, Cunningham JM. (1992) Molecular cloning and functional expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase from a murine macrophage cell line. J Biol Chem 267: 6370 - 6374.
19. Xie QW, Whisnant R, Nathan C. (1993) Promoter of the mouse gene encoding calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase confers inducibility by interferon gamma and bacterial lipopolysacharide. J Exp Med 177: 1779 - 1784.
20. Lowenstein CJ, Glatt CS, Bredt DS, Snyder SH. (1992) Cloned and expressed macrophage nitric oxide synthase contrasts with the brain enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 6711 - 6715.
21. Zhang XO et al. (1996) Transcriptional basis for hyporesponsiveness of the human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene to lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma. J Leuk Biol 59: 575 - 585.
22. Devera ME et al. (1996) Transcriptional regulation of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase (NOS2) gene by cytokines - initial analysis of the human human NOS2 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 1054-1059.
23. Chesrown SE, Monnier J, Visner G, Nick HS. (1994) Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels by LPS, INF- gamma, TGF- beta, and IL-10 in murine macrophage cell lines and rat peritoneal macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 200: 126 - 134.
24. Reiling N et al. (1994) Nitric oxide synthase: mRNA expression of different isoforms in human monocytes/macrophages. Eur J Immunol 24: 1941 - 1944.
25. Dugas B, Mossalayi MD, Damais C, Kolb JP. (1995) Nitric oxide production by human monocytes: evidence for a role of CD23. Immunol Today 16: 574 - 580.
26. Taub DD, Cox GW. (1995) Murine Th1 and Th2 cell clones differentially regulate macrophage nitric oxide production. J Leukoc Biol 58: 80 - 89.
27. Paul-Eugene N et al. (1995) Evidence for a role of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 in the IL-4-induced nitric oxide production by normal human mononuclear phagocytes. Cell Immunol 163: 314 - 318.
28. Kutty RK et al. (1995) Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits the cytokine-mediated expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 215: 386 - 393.
29. Vodovotz Y et al. (1993) Mechanisms of suppression of macrophage nitric oxide release by transforming growth factor beta. J Exp Med 178: 605 - 613.
30. Hu S, Sheng WS, Peterson PK, Chao CC. (1995) Differential regulation by cytokines of human astrocyte nitric oxide production. Glia 15: 491 - 494.
31. Lee SC, Dickson DW, Liu W, Brosnan CF. (1993) Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma. J Neuroimmunol 46: 19 - 24.
32. Merrill JE et al. (1997) Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production by oligodendrocytes. J Neurosci Res 48: 372-384.
33. Durelli L et al. (1996) Interferon alpha-2a treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple-sclerosis - disease-activity resumes after stopping treatment. Neurology 47: 123 - 129.
34. The IFNβ Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. (1993) Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. L Clinical results of a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 43: 655 - 661.
35. Jacobs LD et al. (1996) Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 39: 285 - 294.
36. Stewart VC et al. (1997) Pretreatment of astrocytes with interferon-alpha/beta impairs interferon-gamma induction of nitric oxide synthase. J Neurochem 68: 2547 - 2551.
37. Stewart VC, Land JM, Clark JB, Heales SJR. (1997) Pretreatment of astrocytes with interferon-•/• prevents neuronal mitochondrial respiratory damage. J Neurochem In Press.
38. Bolaños JP et al. (1994) Nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in cultured astrocytes. J Neurochem 63: 910 - 916.
39. Ding M et al. (1997) Inducible nitric-oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in human fetal astrocytes and microglia: A kinetic analysis. J Biol Chem 272: 11327 - 11335.
40. Brown GC. (1995) Nitric oxide regulates mitochondrial respiration and cell functions by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase. FEBS Lett 369: 136 - 139.
41. Barker JE et al. (1996) Glutathione protects astrocytes from peroxynitrite-mediated mitochondrial damage: implications for neuronal/astrocyte trafficking and neurodegeneration. Dev Neurosci 18: 391 - 396.
42. Inoue S, Kawanishi S. (1995) Oxidative DNA damage induced by simultaneous generation of nitric oxide and superoxide. FEBS Lett 371: 86 - 88.
43. Hausladen A, Fridovich I. (1994) Superoxide and peroxynitrite inactivate aconitases, but nitric oxide does not. J Biol Chem 269: 29405 - 29408.
44. Mateo RB et al. (1995) Impact of nitric oxide on macrophage glucose metabolism and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Am J Physiol 268: 669 - 675.
45. Roy B, Lepoivre M, Henry Y, Fontecave M. (1995) Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by nitric oxide derived from thionitrites: reversible modifications of both subunits. Biochemistry 34: 5411 - 5418.
46. Bonfoco E et al. (1995) Apoptosis and necrosis: Two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-D-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 7162 - 7166.
47. Palluy O, Rigaud M. (1996) Nitric oxide induces cultured cortical neuron apoptosis. Neurosci Lett 208: 1 - 4.
48. Hortelano S et al. (1997) Nitric oxide induces apoptosis via triggering mitochondrial permeability transition. FEBS Lett 410: 373 - 377.
49. Leist M, Fava E, Montecucco C, Nicotera P. (1997) Peroxynitrite and nitric oxide donors induce neuronal apoptosis by eliciting autocrine excitotoxicity. Eur J Neurosci 9: 1488 - 1498.
50. Xie K et al. (1996) Bcl-2 protects cells from cytokine-induced nitric-oxide-dependent apoptosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 43: 109 - 115.
51. Melkova Z, Lee SB, Rodriguez D, Esteban M. (1997) Bcl-2 prevents nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. FEBS Lett 403: 272 - 278.
52. Koprowski H et al. (1993) In vivo expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in experimentally induced neurologic diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 3024 - 3027.
53. Lin RF, Lin TS, Tilton RG, Cross AH. (1993) Nitric oxide localized to spinal cords of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: an electron paramagnetic resonance study. J Exp Med 178: 643 - 648.
54. Okuda Y et al. (1995) Expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system of mice correlates with the severity of actively induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 62: 103 - 112.
55. Van Dam AM et al. (1995) Appearance of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the rat central nervous system after rabies infection and during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis but not after peripheral administration of endotoxin. J Neurosci Res 40: 251 - 260.
56. Hooper DG et al. (1995) Local nitric oxide production in viral and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 5312 - 5316.
57. Cross AH et al. (1994) Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalmyelitis in SJL mice. J Clin Invest 93: 2684 - 2690.
58. Parkinson JF, Mitrovic B, Merrill JE. (1997) The role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis. J Mol Med 75: 174 - 186.
59. Zielasek J et al. (1995) Administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in experimental autoimmune neuritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 58: 81 - 88.
60. Ruuls SR et al. (1996) Aggravation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by administration of nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors. Clin Exp Immunol 103: 467 - 474.
61. Mudgett JS et al. (1996) Models of inflammatory disease in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) knock-out mouse. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Nitric Oxide (Second International Conference) 133 (meeting abstracts).
62. Hooper DC et al. (1997) Prevention of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by targeting nitric oxide and peroxynitrite: implications for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 2528 - 2533.
63. Tabi Z, McCombe PA, Pender MP. (1995) Antigen-specific down-regulation of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells during spontaneous recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: further evidence of apoptotic deletion of autoreactive T cells in the central nervous system. Int Immunol 7: 967 - 973.
64. Gold R et al. (1996) Secretion of nitrite by Schwann cells and its effect on T-cell activation in vitro. Cell Immunol 168: 69 - 77.
65. Sherman MP, Griscavage JM, Ignarro LJ. (1992) Nitric oxide-mediated neuronal injury in multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 39: 143 - 146.
66. Brosnan CF et al. (1994) Reactive nitrogen intermediates in human neuropathology: an overview. Dev Neurosci 16: 152 - 161.
67. Giovannoni G et al. (1997) Raised serum nitric oxide metabolites in patients with multiple sclerosis do not correlate with short-term disease activity. J Neuroimmunol In Press. (meeting abstract)
68. Langrehr JM, Huffman RA, Lancaster JR, Simmons RL. (1993) Nitric oxide - a new endogenous immumomodulator. Transplantation 55: 1205 - 1212.
69. Egberts J, Soederhuizen W. (1996) Urine samples before dinner are preferable when studying changes in endogenous nitrate production under uncontrolled dietary conditions. Clin Chim Acta 254: 141 - 148.
70. DeGroot CJA et al. (1997) Immunocytochemical characterisation of the expression of inducible and constitutive isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in demyelinating multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 10 - 20.
71. Tran EH, HardinPouzet H, Verge G, Owens T. (1997) Astrocytes and microglia express inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 74: 121 - 129.
72. van der Veen RC, Hinton DR, Incardonna F, Hofman FM. (1997) Extensive peroxynitrite activity during progressive stages of central nervous system inflammation. J Neuroimmunol 77: 1 - 7.
73. Moreau T et al. (1996) Transient increase in symptoms associated with cytokine release in patients with multiple-sclerosis. Brain 119: 225 - 237.
74. Kapoor R, Redford EJ, Smith KJ. (1997) Reversible block of conduction in demyelinated axons by nitric oxide donors. Neurology 48: P06.086.
75. Whitaker JN, Mitchell GW. (1996) A possible role for altered myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 40: 3 - 4.
76. Lamensa JWE, Moscarello MA. (1993) Deimination of human myelin basic protein by a peptidylarginine deiminase from bovine brain. J Neurochem 61: 987 - 996.
77. Moscarello MA, Wood DD, Ackerley C, Boulias C. (1994) Myelin in multiple sclerosis is developmentally immature. J Clin Invest 94: 146 - 154.