Nonpolyglutamatable antifolates as inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) and potential antitumour agents

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 265-288

  Bavetsias, V ^a   Jackman, A L ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

10 PROPARGYL 5,8 DIDEAZAFOLIC ACID; 2 DEAMINO 2 METHYL 10 PROPARGYL 5,8 DIDEAZAFOLIC ACID; FOLIC ACID ANTAGONIST; FOLYLPOLYGLUTAMATE SYNTHASE; INDOLE DERIVATIVE; METESIND GLUCURONATE; NOLATREXED; PLEVITREXED; PYRROLO[3,2 A]PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE; QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVE; QUINOLINE DERIVATIVE; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CELL GROWTH; CELL LINE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SYNTHESIS; DRUG UPTAKE; ENZYME INHIBITION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IN VITRO STUDY; LEUKEMIA L 1210; LIPOPHILICITY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION;

ANTIMETABOLITES, ANTINEOPLASTIC; CELL DIVISION; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID ANTAGONISTS; FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS; HUMANS; INDOLES; PEPTIDE SYNTHASES; QUINAZOLINES; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE;

EID: 0031661264     PISSN: 09298673     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. Hitchings, G.H; Baccanari, D.P. in Folate Antagonists as Chemotherapeutic Agents Sirotnak, F.M.; Burchall, J.J.; Ensminger, W.B.; Montgomery, J.A. Eds; Academic Press: New York, 1984, Vol 1, pp 151-172.
2. Angier, R.B.; Boothe, J.H.; Hutchings, B.L.; Mowat, J.H.; Semb, J.; Stokstad, E.L.R.; SubbaRow, Y.; Waller, C.W.; Consulich, D.B.; Fahrenbach, M.J.; Hultquist, M.E.; Kuh, E.; Northey, E.H.; Seeger, D.R.; Sickels, J.P.; Smith Jr, J.M. Science, 1946, 103, 667-669
3. Seeger, D.R.; Smith Jr, J.M.; Hultquist, M.E. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947, 69, 2567.
4. Farber, S.; Diamond, L.K.; Mercer, R.D.; Sylvester Jr, R.F.; Wolff, J.A. N. Engl. J. Med. 1948, 238, 787-793.
5. For a historical review on MTX see: Jukes, T.H. Cancer Res., 1987, 47, 5528-5536.
6. (a) Bertino, J. R.; in Cancer and Chemotherapy, Crooke, S.T. and Prestayko, A.W. Eds; Academic Press: New York, 1981, p.359.
7. (b) Bertino, J.R. J. Clin. Oncol. 1993, 11, 5-14
8. Osborne, M.J.; Freeman, M.; Hunnekens, F.M. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1958, 97, 429-431.
9. Hryniuk, W.; Brox, L.; Henderson, J.F.; Tamaoki, T. Cancer Res., 1975, 35, 14271432, and references cited therein.
10. Laszlo, J.; Iland, H.J.; Sedwick, W.D. Adv. Enzyme Regl., 1986, 24, 357-377.
11. Harrap, K.H.; Jackson, R.C. in Antibiotics Chemother.; Schonfeld, H. et. al. Eds.; S. Karger: Basel, 1978; Vol. 23, pp. 228-237.
12. Roth, B ; Cheng, C.C. Progr. Med. Chem., 1982, 19, 261-331.
13. Werbel, L.M. in Folate Antagonists as Therapeutic Agents; Sirotnak, F.M Burchall, J.J.; Ensminger, W.B.; Montgomery, J.A. Eds., Academic Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 1, pp. 261-287.
14. (a) Berman, E.M., Werbel L.M. J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 479-485.
15. (b) Fry, D.W.; Jackson, R. C.; Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1987, 5, 251-270.
16. For reviews on antifolate chemistry see: (a) Palmer, D.C.; Scotnicki, J.S.; Taylor, E.C. Prog Med. Chem., 1988, 25, 85-231. (b) Rosowsky, A. Prog. Med. Chem. 1989, 26, 1-252. (c) Nair, M.G. in Chemistry of Antitumour Agents; Wilman, D.E.V. Ed.; Blackie: London, 1990; pp. 202-233.
17. For reviews on antifolate chemistry see: (a) Palmer, D.C.; Scotnicki, J.S.; Taylor, E.C. Prog Med. Chem., 1988, 25, 85-231. (b) Rosowsky, A. Prog. Med. Chem. 1989, 26, 1-252. (c) Nair, M.G. in Chemistry of Antitumour Agents; Wilman, D.E.V. Ed.; Blackie: London, 1990; pp. 202-233.
18. For reviews on antifolate chemistry see: (a) Palmer, D.C.; Scotnicki, J.S.; Taylor, E.C. Prog Med. Chem., 1988, 25, 85-231. (b) Rosowsky, A. Prog. Med. Chem. 1989, 26, 1-252. (c) Nair, M.G. in Chemistry of Antitumour Agents; Wilman, D.E.V. Ed.; Blackie: London, 1990; pp. 202-233.
19. For recent reviews on antifolates see: (a) Schultz, R.M. Prog. in Drug Res., 1995, 44, 129-157. (b) Gangjee, A.; Elzein, E.; Kothare, M.; Vasudevan, A. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 1996, 2, 263-280. (c) Touroutoglou, N.; Pazdur, R. Clin. Cancer Res. 1996, 2, 227-243.
20. For recent reviews on antifolates see: (a) Schultz, R.M. Prog. in Drug Res., 1995, 44, 129-157. (b) Gangjee, A.; Elzein, E.; Kothare, M.; Vasudevan, A. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 1996, 2, 263-280. (c) Touroutoglou, N.; Pazdur, R. Clin. Cancer Res. 1996, 2, 227-243.
21. For recent reviews on antifolates see: (a) Schultz, R.M. Prog. in Drug Res., 1995, 44, 129-157. (b) Gangjee, A.; Elzein, E.; Kothare, M.; Vasudevan, A. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 1996, 2, 263-280. (c) Touroutoglou, N.; Pazdur, R. Clin. Cancer Res. 1996, 2, 227-243.
22. Grivsky, E.M.; Lee, S.; Sigel, C.W.; Duch, D.S.; Nichol, C.A.; J. Med Chem., 1980, 23, 327-329.
23. Duch, D.S.; Edelstein, M.P.; Bowers, S.W.; Nichol, C.A. Cancer Res. 1982, 42, 3987-3994.
24. Elslager, E.F.; Johnson, J.L.; Werbel, L.M. J. Med. Chem., 1983, 26, 1753-1760.
25. Klohs, W.D.; Steinkampf, R.W.; Besserer, J.A., Fry, D.W. Cancer Lett., 1986, 31, 253-260.
26. Arkin, H.; Ohnuma, T.; Kamen, B.A.; Holland, J.F.; Vallabhajosula, S. Cancer Res., 1989, 49, 6556-6561.
27. Lin, J.T.; Bertino, J.R. J. Clin. Oncol., 1987, 5, 2032-2040.
28. Galivan, J.; Inglese, J.; McGuire, J.J.; Nimec, Z.; Coward, J.K. Proc. Natl. A cad. Sci., 1985, 82, 2598-2602.
29. McGuire, J.J.; Russell, C.A.; Bolanowska, W.E.; Freitag, C.M.; Jones, C.S.; Kalman, T. I. Cancer Res., 1990, 50, 1726-1731.
30. (a) Rosowsky, A.; Bader, H.; Cucchi, C.A.; Moran, R.G.; Kohler, W.; Freisheim, J.H. J. Med. Chem., 1988, 31, 1332-1337.
31. (b) Rosowsky, A.; Bader, H.; Forsch, R. A. Pteridines, 1989, 1, 91-98.
32. Borsa, J.; Whitmore, G.F. Cancer Res. 1969, 29, 737-744.
33. (a) Pinedo, H.M.; Peters, G.M.J. J. Clin. Oncol. 1988, 6, 1653-1664.
34. (b) Myers C. E. Pharmacol. Rev. 1981, 33, 1-15.
35. (a) Maybaum, J.; Ullman, B.; Mandel, H.G.; Day, J.L.; Sadee, W. Cancer Res. 1980, 40, 4209-4215.
36. (b) Glazer, R.I.; Lloyd, L.S. Molecular Pharmacol. 1981, 21, 468-473.
37. Jones T.R.; Calvert, A.H.; Jackman, A.L.; Brown, S.J.; Jones, M.; Harrap, K.R. Eur. J. Cancer, 1981, 17, 11-19.
38. Jackson, R.C. Jackman, A.L.; Calvert, A.H. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1983, 32, 3783-3790.
39. Calvert, A.H.; Alison, D.L.; Harland, S.J.; Robinson, B.A.; Jackman, A.L.; Jones, T.R.; Newell, D.R.; Siddick, Z.H.; Wiltshaw, E.; McElwain, T.J.; Smith, I.E.; Harrap, K.R. J. Clin. Oncol., 1986, 4, 1245-1252.
40. Jackman, A.L.; Taylor, G.A.; Gibson, W.; Kimbell, R.; Brown, M.; Calvert, A.H.; Judson, I.R.; Hughes, L.R. Cancer Res., 1991, 51, 5579-5586.
41. Jackman, A.L.; Farrugia, D.C.; Gibson, W.; Kimbell, R.; Harrap, K.R.; Stephens, T.C.; Azab, M.; Boyle, FT. Eur. J. Cancer 1995, 31A, 1277-1282.
42. Jackman, A.L.; Boyle, F.T.; Harrap, K.R. Inv. New Drugs, 1996, 14, 305-316.
43. Cunningham, D; Zalcberg, J.R.; Rath, U.; Olver, I.; Cutsem, E.V.; Svensson, C.; Seitz, J.F.; Harper, P.; Kerr, D.; Perez-Manga, G.; Azab, M.; Seymour, L.; Lowery, K. Eur. J. Cancer, 1995, 31A, 1945-1954.
44. (a) Taylor, E.G.; Kuhnt, D.; Shin, C.; Rinzel, S.M.; Grindey, G.B.; Barredo, J.; Jannatipour, M.; Moran, R.G. J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 4450-4454,
45. (b) Gridey, G.B.; Shih, C.; Barnett, C.J.; Pearce, H.L.; Engelhardt, J.A.; Todd, G.C.; Rinzel, S.M.; Worzalla, J.F.; Gossett, L.S.; Everson, T.P.; Wilson, T.M.; Kobierski, M.E.; Winter, M.A.; Bewley, J.R.; Kuhnt, D.; Taylor, E.C.; Moran, R.G. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 1992, 33, Abstr. 2451.
46. (c) Shih, C.; Gridey, G.B., Barnett, C.J.; Pearce, H.L.; Engelhardt, J.A.; Todd, G.C.; Rinzel, S.M.; Worzalla, J.F.; Gossett, L.S.; Everson, T.P.; Wilson, T.M.; Kobierski, M.E.; Winter, M.A.; Kuhnt, D.; Taylor, E.C., Moran, R.G. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 1992, 33, Abstr. 2452.
47. (a) Shih, C.; Chen, V.J.; Gossett, L.S.; Gates, S.B.; Mackellar, C.; Habeck, L.L.; Shackelford, K.A.; Mendelsohn, L.G.; Soose, D.J.; Patel, V.F.; Andis, S.L.; Bewley, J.R.; Rayl, E.A.; Moroson, B.A.; Beardsley, G.P.; Kohler, W.; Ratnam, M.; Schultz, R.M. Cancer Res., 1997, 57, 1116-1123.
48. (b) Shih, C.; Gossett, L.; Gates, S.; Mackellar, W.; Mendelsohn, L.; Soose, D. Patel V.; Kohler, W.; Ratnam, M.; Ann. Oncol. 1996, 7(Suppl. 1), 85.
49. (c) Chen, V.J ; Bewley, J.R.; Gossett, L.; Shih, C.; Soose, D. ; Patel, V. ; Gates, S. ; Mackellar, W.; Habeck, L.L. ; Shackelford, K. A. ; Mendelsohn, L.; Kohler, W.; Ratnam, M. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 1996, 37, Abstr. 2598.
50. Duch, D.S.; Banks, S.; Dev, I.K.; Dickerson, S.H.; Ferone, R.; Heath, L.S.; Humphreys, J.; Knick, V.; Pendergast, W.; Singer, S.; Smith, G.K.; Waters, K.; Wilson, R. Cancer Res., 1993, 53, 810-818.
51. Pendergast, W. ; Dickerson, S.H.; Dev, I.K. ; Ferone, R. ; Duch, D. S. ; Smith, G.K. J. Med. Chem., 1994, 37, 838-844.
52. (a) Wilson, H.R.; Heath. L.S.; Knick, V.C.; Koszalka, G.W.; Ferone, R. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 1992, 33, Abstr. 2428.
53. (b) Duch, D.; Banks, S.; Dev, I.; Dickerson, S.; Ferone, R.; Humphreys, J.; Knick, V.; Pendergast, W.; Singer, S.; Smith, G.; Waters, K. Wilson, R. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 1992, 33, Abstr. 2431.
54. For reviews on in vitro, in vivo activity and clinical evaluation of ZD 1694 (Tomudex™), LY231514, BW1843U89, AG337(Thymitaq™), and AG331 see: (a) Jackman, A.L.; Judson, I.R. Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs 1996, 5, 719-736. (b) Jackman, A.L.; Calvert, A.H.; Annals of Oncology, 1995, 6, 871-881. (c) Varney, M.D.; Romines, W.H. Curr. Opin. Ther. Pat., 1992, 2, 1979-1992.
55. For reviews on in vitro, in vivo activity and clinical evaluation of ZD 1694 (Tomudex™), LY231514, BW1843U89, AG337(Thymitaq™), and AG331 see: (a) Jackman, A.L.; Judson, I.R. Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs 1996, 5, 719-736. (b) Jackman, A.L.; Calvert, A.H.; Annals of Oncology, 1995, 6, 871-881. (c) Varney, M.D.; Romines, W.H. Curr. Opin. Ther. Pat., 1992, 2, 1979-1992.
56. For reviews on in vitro, in vivo activity and clinical evaluation of ZD 1694 (Tomudex™), LY231514, BW1843U89, AG337(Thymitaq™), and AG331 see: (a) Jackman, A.L.; Judson, I.R. Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs 1996, 5, 719-736. (b) Jackman, A.L.; Calvert, A.H.; Annals of Oncology, 1995, 6, 871-881. (c) Varney, M.D.; Romines, W.H. Curr. Opin. Ther. Pat., 1992, 2, 1979-1992.
57. Sirotnak, F.M.; DeGraw, J.I.; in Folate Antagonists as Therapeutic Agents, Sirotnak, F.M.; Burchall, J.J.; Ensminger, W B.; Montgomery, J.A. Eds; Academic Press: New York, 1984, Vol 2, pp 64-67.
58. Pizzorno, G.; Chang, Y-M.; McGuire, J.J.; Bertino, J.R. Cancer Res., 1989, 49, 5275-5280.
59. Cowan, K.H.; Jolivet, J.A. J. Biol. Chem., 1984, 259, 10793-10800.
60. (a) Li, W.W.; Tong, W.P.; Waltham, M.; J.R. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 1993, 34, Abstr. 1651.
61. (b) Rhee, M.S.; Wang, Y.; Nair, M.G.; Galivan, J. Cancer Res., 1993, 53, 2227-2230.
62. Bisset, G.M.F.; Jackman, A.L.; O'Connor, B.; Jones, T.R.; Calvert, A.H. in Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines 1989; Walter de Gruyter&Co., 1990, pp 114117.
63. McNamara, D.J.; Berman, E.M.; Fry, D.W.; Werbel, L.M. J. Med. Chem, 1990, 33, 2045-2051.
64. Marsham, P.R.; Jackman, A.L.; Barker, A.J.; Boyle, F.T.; Pegg, S.J.; Wardleworth, J.M.; Kimbell, R.; O'Connor, B.M.; Calvert, A.H.; Hughes, L.R. J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 994-1004.
65. Hennequin, L.F.; Boyle, F.T.; Wardleworth, J.M.; Marsham, P.R.; Kimbell, R.; Jackman, A.L. J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 695-704.
66. (a) Matthews, D A.; Appelt, K.; Oatley, S.J.; Xuong, Ng. H. J. Mol. Biol. 1990, 214, 923-936.
67. (b) Matthews, D.A.; Villafranca, J.E.; Jannson, C.A.; Smith, W.A.; Welsh, K.; Freer, S. J. Mol. Biol., 1990, 214, 937-948.
68. Appelt, K.; Bacquet, R.J.; Bartlett, C.A.; Booth, C.L.J.; Freer, S.T.; Fuhry, M.M.; Gehring, M.R.; Herrmann, S.M.; Howland, E.F.; Janson, C.A.; Jones, T.R.; Kan, C.; Kathardekar, V.; Lewis, K.K.; Marzoni, G.P.; Matthews, D.A.; Mohr, C.; Moomaw, E.W.; Morse, C.A.; Oatley, S.J.; Ogden, R.C.; Reddy, M.R.; Reich, S.H.; Schoettlin, W. S.; Smith, W.W. ; Vamey, M.D.; Villafranca, J.E. ; Ward, R.W. ; Webber, S. ; Webber, S.E.; Welsh, K.M.; White, J. J. Med. Chem., 1991, 34, 1925-1934.
69. Webber, S.E.; Bleckman, T.M.; Attard, J.; Deal, J.G.; Kathardekar, V.; Welsh, K.M.; Webber, S.; Janson, C.A.; Matthews, D.A.; Smith, W.W.; Freer, S.T.; Jordan, S.R., Bacquet, R.J.; Howland, E.F.; Booth, C.L.J.; Ward, R.W.; Hermann, S.M.; White, J., Morse, C.A.; Hilliard, J.A.; Bartlett, C.A J. Med. Chem.,1993, 36, 733-746.
70. Jones, T.R.; Varney, M.D.; Webber, S.; Lewis, K.K.; Marzoni, G.P.; Palmer, C.; Kathardekar, V.; Welsh, K.M.; Webber, S., Matthews, D.A.; Appelt, K.; Smith, W.W.; Janson, C.A.; Villafranca, J.E.; Bacquet, R.J.; Howland, E.F.; Booth, C.L.J.; Herrmann, S.M.; White, J.; Moomaw, E.J.; Bartlett, C.A.; Morse, C.A. J. Med Chem., 1996, 39, 904.
71. Jones, T.R.; Webber, S.E.; Varney, M.D.; Reddy, M.R.; Lewis, K.K.; Kathardekar, V.; Mazdiyasni, H.; Deal, J.; Nguyen, D.; Welsh, K.K.; Webber, S.; Johnston, A.; Matthews, D.A.; Smith, W.W.; Janson, C.A.; Bacquet, R.J.; Howland, E.F.; Booth, C.L., Herrmann, S.M.; Ward, R.W.; White, J.; Bartlett, C.A.; Morse, C.A. J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 677-683.
72. Webber, S.; Bartlett, C.A.; Boritzki, T.J.; Hilliard, J.A.; Howland, E.F.; Johnston, A.L.; Kosa, M.; Margosiak, S.A.; Morse, C.A.; Shetty, B.V. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 1996, 37, 509-517.
73. (a) Rafi, I.; Taylor, G.A.; Calvete, J.A.; Boddy, A.V.; Balmanno, K.; Bailey, N.; Lind, M.; Calvert, A.H.; Webber, S ; Jackson, R.C.; Johnston, A.; Ciendeninn, N.; Newell, D.R. Clin. Cancer Res. 1995, 1, 1275-1284.
74. (b) Rafi, I.; Boddy, A.V.; Taylor, G.A., Calvete, J.A.; Bailey, N.B.; Lind, M.J.; Newell, D.R.; Calvert, A.H.; Johnston, A.; Ciendeninn, N.J. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 1996, 37, Abstr. 1218.
75. Reich, S.H.; Fuhry, M.M.; Nguyen, D.; Pino, M.J.; Welsh, K.M.; Webber, S.; Janson, C.A.; Jordan, S.R.; Matthews, D.A.; Smith, W.W.; Bartlett, C.A.; Booth, C.L.J.; Herrmann, S.M.; Howland, E.F.; Morse, C.A.; Ward, R.W.; White, J. J. Med. Chem,. 1992, 35, 847-858.
76. Varney, M.D.; Marzoni, G.P.; Palmer, C.L.; Deal, J.G.; Webber, S.; Welsh, K.M.; Bacquet, R.J.; Bartlett, C.A.; Morse, C.A.; Booth, C.L.J.; Herrmann, S.M.; Howland, E.F ; Ward, R.W.; White, J. J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 663-676.
77. O'Connor, B.M.; Webber, S.; Jackson, R.C.; Galivan, J.; Rhee, M.S. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 1994, 34, 225-229.
78. Parimoo, D.; Muggia, F.; Leichman, C.G.; Johnston, A., Bauman, L.; Rogers, M.; Jeffers, S.; Leichman, L.; Koda, R, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 1996, 37, Abstr. 1257.
79. Varney, M.D.; Palmer, C.L.; Deal, J.G.; Webber, S.; Welsh, K.M.; Bartlett, C.A.; Morse, C.A.; Smith, W.W.; Janson, C.A., J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 1892-1903.
80. Gangjee, A.; Devraj, R.; McGuire, J.; Kisliuk, R.L. J. Med. Chem., 1995, 38, 4495-4504.
81. Pendergast, W. ; Johnson, J.V.; Dickerson, S.H.; Dev, I.K. ; Duch, D. S. ; Ferone, R.; Hall, W.R.; Humphreys, J.; Kelly, J.M.; Wilson, D.C. J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36, 2279-2291.
82. Marsham, P.R.; Wardleworth, J. M.; Boyle, F.T.; Hennequin, L.F.; Kimbell, R.; Brown, M.; Jackman, A.L. Personal communication.
83. Jackman, A.L.; Kimbell, R.; Aherne, G.W.; Brunton, L.; Jansen, G.; Stephens, T.C.; Smith, M.N.; Wardleworth, J.M.; Boyle, F.T. Clin. Cancer Res., 1997, 3, 911-921.
84. Bisset, G.M.F.; Pawelczak, K.; Jackman, A.L.; Calvert, A.H.; Hughes, L.R. J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 859-866.
85. Bisset, G.M.F.; Bavetsias, V.; Thornton, T.J.; Pawelczak, K.; Calvert, A.H.; Hughes, L.R.; Jackman, A.L. J. Med. Chem., 1994, 37, 3294-3302.
86. Jodrell, D.I; Gibson, W.; Bisset, G.M.F.; Boyle, F.T.; Judson, I.R.; Jackman, A.L. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1993, 46, 2229-2234.
87. Bavetsias, V.; Jackman, A.L.; Kimbell, R. Gibson, W.; Boyle, F.T.; Bisset, G.M.F. J. Med. Chem., 1996, 39, 73-85.
88. Jackman, A.L.; Kimbell, R.; Brown, M.; Brunton, L.; Boyle, F.T. Anti-Cancer Drug Des. 1995, 10, 555-572.
89. Jackman, A.L.; Kimbell, R.; Brown, M.; Brunton, L.; Bisset, G.M.F.; Bavetsias, V.; Marsham, P.; Hughes, L.R.; Boyle, F.T. Anti-Cancer Drug Des. 1995, 10, 573589.
90. Bavetsias, V.; Jackman, A.L.; Kimbell, R.; Boyle, F.T.; Bisset, G.M.F. Bioorg Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 631-636.
91. Bavetsias, V.; Jackman, A.L.; Marriott, J.H.; Kimbell, R. Gibson, W.; Boyle, F.T.; Bisset, G.M.F. J. Med. Chem., 1997, 40, 1495-1510.
92. Boyle, F.T.; Matusiak, Z.S.; Hughes, L.R.; Slater, A.M.; Stephens, T.C.; Smith, M.N.; Brown, M.; Kimbell, R.; Jackman, A.L. in Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines and Folates); Ayling, J.E., et al., Eds.; Plenum Press: New York, 1993, Vol. 338, pp 585-588.
93. Sangani, P.C.; Jackman, A.; Evans, V.R.; Thornton, T.; Hughes, L.; Calvert, A.H.; Moran, R.G. Mol. Pharmacol., 1994, 45, 341-351.