Natural killer cells: Endothelial interactions, migration, and target cell recognition

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

Volumn 62, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 693-701

  Timonen, Tuomo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

Adhesion; Chemokines; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Transmigration

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 1;

ANIMAL CELL; ANTIBODY DEPENDENT LYMPHOCYTOTOXICITY; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; CELL ADHESION; CELL INTERACTION; CELL MIGRATION; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; REVIEW; TARGET CELL;

EID: 0031458717     PISSN: 07415400     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jlb.62.6.693     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. Trinchieri, G. (1989) Biology of natural killer cells. Adv. Immunol. 47, 187-376.
2. Robertson, M. J., Ritz, J. (1990) Biology and clinical relevance of human natural killer cells. Blood 76, 2421-2438.
3. Nagler, A., Lanier, L. L., Cwirla, S., Phillips, J. H. (1989) Comparative studies of human FcRIII-positive and negative natural killer cells. J. Immunol. 143, 3183-3191.
4. - functionally immature human NK cell subset that differentiates in vitro in the presence of interleukin 12. J. Exp. Med. 184, 1845-1856.
5. Moretta, L., Ciccone, E., Mingari, M. C., Biassone, R., Moretta, A. (1994) Human natural killer cells: origin, clonality, specificity and receptors. Adv. Immunol. 55, 341-380.
6. Sanchez-Madrid, J., Muench, M. O., Roncarolo, M. G., Lanier, L. L., Phillips, J. H. (1994) Identification of a common T/natural killer cell progenitor in human fetal thymus. J. Exp. Med. 180, 569-576.
7. Trinchieri, G., Santoli, D. (1978) Anti-viral activity induced by culturing lymphocytes with tumor-derived or virus-transformed cells. Enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by interferon and antagonistic inhibition of susceptibility of target cells to lysis. J. Exp. Med. 147, 1314-1333.
8. Grimm, E. A., Mazumder, A., Zhang, H. Z., Rosenberg, S. A. (1982) Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon. Lysis of natural killer-resistant solid tumor cells by interleukin 2-activated autologous human peripheral blood lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 155, 1823-1841.
9. Phillips, J. H., Lanier, L. L. (1986) Dissection of the lymphokine-activated killer phenomenon: relative contribution of peripheral blood natural killer cells and T lymphocytes to cytolysis. J. Exp. Med. 164, 814-825.
10. Trinchieri, G. (1995) Interleukin-12: a proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 13, 251-276.
11. Mule, J. J., Smith, C. A., Rosenberg, S. A. (1987) Interleukin 4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) can mediate the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity directed against fresh tumor cells. J. Exp. Med. 166, 792-797.
12. Alderson, M. R., Sassenfeld, H. M., Widmer, M. B. (1990) Interleukin 7 enhances cytolytic T lymphocyte generation and induces lymphokine-activated killer cells from human peripheral blood. J. Exp. Med. 172, 577-587.
13. Tagaya, Y., Bamford, R. N., DeFilippis, A. P., Waldmann, T. A. (1996) IL-15: a pleiotropic cytokine with diverse receptor/signaling pathways whose expression is controlled at multiple levels. Immunity 4, 329-336.
14. Luger, T. A., Krutmann, J., Kirnbauer, R., Urbanski, A., Schwarz, T., Klappacher, G., Köck, A., Micksche, M., Malejezyk, J., Schauer, E., May, L. T., Sehgal, P. B. (1989) IFNβ2/IL-6 augments the activity of human natural killer cells. J. Immunol. 143, 1206-1209.
15. Östensen, M. E., Thiele, D. L., Lipsky, P. E. (1987) Tumor necrosis factor-α enhances cytolytic activity of human natural killer cells. J. Immunol. 138, 4185-4191.
16. Somersalo, K., Carpen, O., Saksela, E. (1994) Stimulated natural killer cells secrete factors with chemotactic activity, including NAP-1/IL-8, which supports VLA-4 and VLA-5 mediated migration of T-lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 2957-2965.
17. Kos, F. J., Engleman, E. G. (1996) Immune regulation: a critical link between NK cells and CTLs. Immunol. Today 17, 174-176.
18. Abbas, A. K., Murphy, K. M., Sher, A. (1996) Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 383, 787-793.
19. Kärre, K. (1995) Express yourself or die: peptides, MHC molecules, and NK cells. Science 267, 978-979.
20. Parham, P. (1996) Functions for MHC class I carbohydrates inside and outside the cell. Trends Biochem. Sci. 21, 427-433.
21. Ager, A., Callard, R., Ezine, S., Gerard, C., Lopez-Botet, M. (eds.) (1996) Immune Receptor Supplement 1996 (1st ed.) Immunol. Today.
22. Nemlander, A., Saksela, E., Häyry, P. (1983) Are "natural killer" cells involved in allograft rejection? Eur. J. Immunol. 13, 348-350.
23. Inverardi, L., Samaja, M., Motterlini, R., Mangili, F., Bender, J. R., Pardi, R. (1992) Early recognition of a discordant xenogeneic organ by human circulating lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 149, 1416-1423.
24. MacIntyre, K. W., Welsh, R. M. (1986) Accumulation of natural killer and cytotoxic T large granular lymphocytes in the liver during virus infection. J. Exp. Med. 164, 1667-1681.
25. Natuk, R. J., Welsh, R. M. (1987) Accumulation and chemotaxis of natural killer/large granular lymphocytes at sites of virus replication. J. Immunol. 138, 877-883.
26. Fogler, W. E., Volker, K., McCormick, K. L., Watanabe, M., Ortaldo, J. R., Wiltrout, R. H. (1996) NK cell infiltration into lung, liver, and subcutaneous B16 melanoma is mediated by VCAM-1/VLA-4 interaction. J. Immunol. 156, 4707-4714.
27. Springer, T. A. (1994) Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte migration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 76, 301-314.
28. Pinola, M., Renkonen, R., Majuri, M.-L., Tiisala, S., Saksela, E. (1994) Characterization of the E-selectin ligand on NK cells. J. Immunol. 152, 3586-3594.
29. Mäenpää, A., Jääskeläinen, J., Carpen, O., Patarroyo, M., Timonen, T. (1993) Expression of integrins and the other adhesion molecules on NK cells: impact of IL-2 on short and long-term cultures. Int. J. Cancer 53, 850-855.
30. Bianchi, G., Sironi, M., Ghibaudi, E., Selvaggini, C., Elices, M., Allavena, P., Mantovani, A. (1993) Migration of natural killer cells across endothelial cell monolayers. J. Immunol. 151, 5135-5144.
31. Helander, T. S., Carpén, O., Turunen, O., Kovanen, P. E., Vaheri, A., Timonen, T. (1996) ICAM-2 redistributed by ezrin as a target for killer cells. Nature 382, 265-268.
32. Galandrini, R., De Maria, R., Piccoli, M., Frati, L., Santoni, A. (1994) CD44 triggering enhances human NK cell cytotoxic functions. J. Immunol. 153, 4399-4407.
33. Anasetti, C., Martin, P. J., June, C. H., Hellström, K. E., Ledbetter, J. A., Rabinovitch, P. S., Morishita, Y., Hellström, I., Hansen, J. A. (1987) Induction of calcium flux and enhancement of cytolytic activity in natural killer cells by cross-linking of the sheep erythrocyte biding protein (CD2) and Fc-receptor (CD16). J. Immunol. 139, 1772-1779.
34. Berman, M. E., Die, Y., Muller, W. A. (1996) Roles of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31) in natural killer cell transendothelial migration and beta 2 integrin activation. J. Immunol. 156, 1515-1524.
35. Salmi, M., Jalkanen, S. (1992) Induction and function of vascular adhesion protein-1 at sites of inflammation. Science 257, 1407-1409.
36. Airas, L., Salmi, M., Jalkanen, S. (1993) Lymphocyte-vascular adhesion protein-2 is a novel 70-kDa molecule involved in lymphocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. J. Immunol. 151, 4228-4238.
37. Maghazachi, A. A., Al-Aoukaty, A., Schall, T. J. (1994) C-C chemokines induce the chemotaxis of NK and IL-2 activated NK cells. J. Immunol. 153, 4969-4977.
38. Taub, D. D., Sayers, T. J., Carter, C. R., Ortaldo, J. R. (1995) Alpha and beta chemokines induce NK cell migration and enhance NK-mediated cytolysis. J. Immunol. 155, 3877-3888.
39. 2+ mobilization and enzyme release. J. Immunol. 156, 322-327.
40. Punturieri, A., Santoni, A., Ming, J. W., Nobili, N., Mantovani, A., Bottazzi, B. (1989) In vitro migration of rat large granular lymphocytes. Cell. Immunol. 123, 257-263.
41. Allavena, P., Paganin, C., Zhou, D., Bianchi, G., Sozzani, S., Mantovani, A. (1994) Interleukin-12 is chemotactic for natural killer cells and stimulates their interaction with vascular endothelium. Blood 84, 2261-2268.
42. Somersalo, K., Carpén, O., Saksela, E., Nortamo, P., Gahmberg, C. G., Timonen, T. (1995) Activation of NK cell migration by leukocyte binding peptide from ICAM-2. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 8629-8636.
43. Dobos, G. J., Norgauer, J., Eberle, M., Schollmeyer, P. J., Traynor-Kaplan, A. E. (1992) C5a reduces formyl peptide-induced actin polymerization and phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-triphosphate formation, but not phosphatidylinositol(4,5)biphosphate hydrolysis and superoxide production, in human neutrophils. J. Immunol. 149, 609-614.
44. Jääskeläinen, J., Mäenpää, A., Patarroyo, M., Gahmberg, C. G., Somersalo, K., Tarkkanen, J., Kallio, M., Timonen, T. (1992) Migration of recombinant IL-2-activatcd T and natural killer cells in the intercellular space of human H-2 glioma spheroids in vitro. A study on adhesion molecules involved. J. Immunol. 149, 260-268.
45. Somersalo, K., Tarkkanen, J., Patarroyo, M., Saksela, E. (1992) Involvement of beta-2 integrins in the migration of human natural killer cells. J. Immunol. 149, 590-598.
46. Somersalo, K., Saksela, E. (1991) Fibronectin facilitates the migration of human natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 21, 35-42.
47. 1 integrin in human natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 2003-2029.
48. Raulet, D. H., Held, W. (1995) Natural killer cell receptors: the offs and ons of NK cell recognition. Cell 82, 697-700.
49. Chambers, W. H., Brissette-Storkus, C. S. (1995) Hanging in the balance: natural killer cell recognition of target cells. Chem. Biol. 2, 429-435.
50. Gumperz, J. E., Parham, P. (1995) The enigma of the natural killer cell. Nature 378, 245-248.
51. López-Botet, M., Moretta, L., Strominger, J. (1996) NK cell receptors and recognition of MHC class I molecules. Immunol. Today 17, 212-214.
52. Lanier, L. L., Phillips, J. E. (1996) Inhibitory MHC class I receptors on NK cells and T cells. Immunol. Today 17, 86-91.
53. Colonna, M., Samaridis, J. (1995) Cloning of immunoglobulin-superfamily members associated with HLA-C and HLA-B recognition by human natural killer cells. Science 268, 405-408.
54. Timonen, T., Gahmberg, C. G., Patarroyo, M. (1990) Participation of CD11a-c/CD18, CD2 and RGD-binding receptors in endogenous and interleukin-2-stimulated NK activity of CD3-negative large granular lymphocytes. Int. J. Cancer 46, 1035-1040.
55. Robertson, M. J., Caligiuri, M. A., Manley, T. J., Levine, H., Ritz, J. (1990) Human natural killer cell adhesion molecules. Differential expression after activation and participation in cytolysis. J. Immunol. 145, 3194-3201.
56. Ljunggren, H.-G., Kärre, K. (1990) In search of the "missing self": MHC molecules and NK cell recognition. Immunol. Today 11, 237-244.
57. Pende, D., Biassoni, R., Cantoni, C., Verdiani, S., Falco, M., Donato, D. D., Accame, L., Bottino, C., Moretta, A., Moretta, L. (1996) The natural killer cell receptor specific for HLA-A allotypes: a novel member of the p58/p70 family of inhibitory receptors that is characterized by three immunoglobulin-like domains and is expressed as a 140-kD disulphide-linked dimer. J. Exp. Med. 184, 505-518.
58. Pazmany, L., Mandelboim, O., Valés-Gómez, M., Davis, D. M., Reyburn, H. T., Strominger, J. L. (1996) Protection from natural killer cell-mediated lysis by HLA-G expression on target cells. Science 274, 792-795.
59. Biassoni, R., Cantoni, C., Falco, M., Verdiani, S., Bottino, C., Vitale, M., Conte, R., Poggi, A., Moretta, A., Moretta, L. (1996) The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C-specific "activatory" or "inhibitory" natural killer cell receptors display highly homologous extracellular domains but differ in their transmembrane and intracytoplasmic portions. J. Exp. Med. 183, 645-650.
60. Malnati, M. S., Peruzzi, M., Parker, K. C., Biddison, W. E., Ciccone, E., Moretta, A., Long, E. O. (1995) Peptide specificity in the recognition of MHC class I by natural killer cell clones. Science 267, 1016-1018.
61. Mandelboim, O., Reyburn, H. T., Valés-Gómez, M., Pazmany, L., Colonna, M., Borsellino, G., Strominger, J. (1996) Protection from lysis by natural killer cells of group 1 and 2 specificity is mediated by residue 80 in human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen C alleles and also occurs with empty major histocompatibility complex molecules. J. Exp. Med. 184, 913-922.
62. Correa, I., Raulet, D. H. (1995) Binding of diverse peptides to MHC class I inhibits target cell lysis by activated natural killer cells. Immunity 2, 61-71.
63. Sivori, S., Vitale, M., Bottino, C., Marcenaro, E., Sanseverino, L., Parolini, S., Moretta, E., Moretta, A. (1996) CD94 functions as a natural killer cell inhibitory receptor for different HLA class I alleles: identification of the inhibitory form of CD94 by the use of novel monoclonal antibodies. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 2487-2492.
64. Rojo, S., Burshtyn, D. N., Long, E. O., Wagtmann, N. (1997) Type I transmembrane receptor with inhibitory frunction in mouse mast cells and NK cells. J. Immunol. 158, 9-12.
65. + IL-2-activated natural killer cells. Nature 358, 66-70.
66. Brennan, J., Mager, D., Jefferies, W., Takei, F. (1994) Expression of different members of the Ly-49 gene family defines distinct natural killer cell subsets and cell adhesion properties. J. Exp. Med. 180, 2287-2295.
67. + NK cells by monoclonal antibody 12A8. Nat. Immunity 14, 95.
68. Lazetic, S., Chang, C., Houchins, J. P., Lanier, L. L., Phillips, J. H. (1996) Human natural killer cell receptors involved in MHC I recognition are disulfide-linked heterodimers of CD94 and NKG2 subunits. J. Immunol. 157, 4741-4745.
69. Litwin, V., Gumperz, J., Parham, P., Phillips, J. H., Lanier, L. L. (1993) Specificity of HLA class I antigen recognition by human NK clones: evidence for clonal heterogeneity, protection by self and non-sell alleles, and influence of the target cell type. J. Exp. Med. 178, 1321-1336.
70. Burgert, H.-G. (1996) Subversion of the MHC class I antigen-presentation pathway by adenoviruses and herpex simplex viruses. Trends Microbiol. 4, 107-112.
71. Biron, C. A., Byron, K. S., Sullivan, J. L. (1989) Severe herpesvirus infections in an adolescent without natural killer cells. N. Engl. J. Med. 320, 1731-1735.
72. Duchler, M., Offterdinger, M., Holzmuller, H., Lipp, J., Chu, C. T., Aschauer, B., Bach, F. H., Hofer, E. (1995) NKG2-C is a receptor on human natural killer cells that recognizes structures on K562 target cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 2923-2931.
73. Lanier, L. L., Yu, G., Phillips, J. H. (1989) Co-association of CD3ζ with a receptor (CD16) for IgG Fc on human natural killer cells. Nature 342, 547-554.
74. Orloff, D. G., Ra, C., Frank, S. J., Klausner, R. D., Kinet, J.-P. (1990) Family of disulphide-linked dimers containing the zeta and eta chains of the T-cell receptor and the gamma chain of Fc receptors. Nature 347, 189-191.
75. Vivier, E., Da Silva, A. J., Ackerly, M., Levine, H., Rudd, C. E., Anderson, P. (1993) Association of a 70 kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein with the CD16:ζ:γ complex expressed in human natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 1872-1876.
76. Wilder, J. A., Koh, C. Y., Yan, D. (1996) The role of NK cells during in vivo antigen-specific antibody responses. J. Immunol. 156, 146-152.
77. Chambers, W. H., Vujanovic, N. L., DeLeo, A. B., Olszowy, M. W., Herberman, R. B., Hiserodt, J. C. (1989) Monoclonal antibody to a triggering structure expressed on rat natural killer (NK) and adherent lymphokine activated killer (A-LAK) cells. J. Exp. Med. 169, 1373-1389.
78. Giorda, R., Trucco, M. (1991) NKR-P1: A family of genes expressed in adherent lymphokine activated killer cells. J. Immunol. 147, 1701-1708.
79. - rat natural killer cell clones established from NKR-P1bright/TCRab-cell lines. Nat. Immunity 14, 98-113.
80. 2m-bone marrow in chimeric mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10332-10336.
81. Okubo, Y., Teshigawara, K., Wei, Y., Zhao, X., Uchida, A. (1995) Requirement of the co-receptor signals for the activation and the prevention of cell death of natural killer cells. Nat. Immunity 14, 85.
82. Chambers, B. J., Salcedo, M., Ljunggren, H.-G. (1996) Triggering of natural killer cells by the costimulatory molecule CD80 (B7-1). Immunity 5, 311-317.
83. Rabinowich, H., Lin, W. C., Herberman, R. B., Whiteside, T. L. (1994) Signalling via CD7 molecules on human NK cells. Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and beta 1 integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin. J. Immunol. 153, 3504-3513.
84. Yang, F. C., Agematzu, K., Nakazawa, T., Mori, T., Ito, S., Morimoto, C., Komiyama, A. (1996) CD27/CD70 interaction directly induces natural killer cell killing activity. Immunology 88, 289-293.
85. Shibuya, A., Campbell, D., Hannum, C., Yssel, H., Franz-Bacon, K., McClanahan, T., Kitamura, T., Nicholl, J., Sutherland, G. R., Lanier, L. L., Phillips, J. H. (1996) DNAM-1, a novel adhesion molecule involved in the cytolytic function of T lymphocytes. Immunity 4, 573-581.
86. Gismondi, A., Milella, M., Palmieri, G., Piccoli, M., Frati, L., Santoni, A. (1995) Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by interaction of NK cells with fibronectin via alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1. J. Immunol. 154, 3128-3137.
87. Rabinowich, H. L., Lin, W. C., Manciulea, M., Herberman, R. B., Whiteside, T. L. (1995) Induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in human natural killer cells by triggering via alpha 4 beta 1 or alpha 5 beta 1 integrins. Blood 85, 1858-1864.
88. Dustin, M. L., Springer, T. A. (1989) T-cell receptor cross-linking transiently stimulates adhesiveness through LFA-1. Nature 341, 619-624.
89. Damle, N. K., Doyle, L. V., Bender, J. R., Bradley, E. C. (1987) Interleukin-2-activated human lymphocytes exhibit enhanced adhesion to normal vascular endothelial cells and cause their lysis. J. Immunol. 138, 1779-1785.
90. Melero, I., Balboa, M. A., Alonso, J. L., Yague, E., Pivel, J. P., Sanchez-Madrid, R., Lopez-Botet, M. (1993) Signalling through the LFA-1 leukocyte integrin actively regulates intercellular adhesion and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 1859-1865.
91. Poggi, A., Spada, F., Costa, P., Tomasello, E., Rvello, V., Pella, N., Zocchi, M. R., Moretta, L. (1996) Dissection of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1-dependent adhesion and signal transduction in human natural killer cells shown by the use of cholera or pertussis toxin. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 965-967.
92. Pardi, R., Bender, J. R., Dettori, C., Giannazza, E., Engleman, E. G. (1989) Heterogenous distribution and transmembrane signalling properties of lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1) in human lymphocyte subsets. J. Immunol. 143, 3157-3166.
93. Di Renzo, L., Yefenof, E., Klein, E. (1991) The function of human NK cells is enhanced by beta glucan, a ligand of CR3 (CD11b/CD18). Eur. J. Immunol. 21, 1755-1758.
94. Lub, M., Van Kooyk, Y., Figdor, C. G. (1995) Ins and outs of LFA-1. Immunol. Today 16, 479-483.
95. Petty, H. R., Todd, R. F., III (1996) Integrins as promiscuous signal transduction devices. Immunol. Today 17, 209-212.
96. Turner, M. W. (1996) Mannose-binding lectin: the pluripotent molecule of the innate immune system. Immunol. Today 17, 532-540.
97. Pakkanen, R., Bonsdorff, C.-H., Turunen, O., Wahlström, T., Vaheri, A. (1988) Redistribution of Mr 75 000 plasma membrane protein, cytovillin, into newly formed microvilli in herpes simplex and Semliki Forest virus infected human embryonal fibroblasts. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 46, 435-443.
98. Biondo, A., Paganin, C., Rossi, V., Benvestito, S., Perlmutter, R. M., Mantovani, A., Allavena, P. (1991) Expression of lineage-restricted protein tyrosine kinase genes in human natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 21, 843-846.
99. Einspahr, K. J., Abraham, R. T., Kick, C. J., Leibson, P. J. (1990) Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and p56lck modification of IL-2 and phorbol ester-activated human natural killer cells. J. Immunol. 21, 843-846.
100. Inoue, K., Yamamoto, T., Toyoshima, K. (1990) Specific expression of human c-fgr in natural immunity effector cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 1789-1792.
101. Cone, J. C., Lu, Y., Trevillyan, J. M., Björnlahl, J. M., Phillips, C. A. (1993) Association of the p56lck tyrosine kinase with the FcγIIIA/CD16 complex in human natural killer cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 2488-2497.
102. Stohls, A., Liwcszyk, E. G., Douture, C., Mustelin, T., Andersson, L. C. (1994) Triggering of human natural killer cells through CD16 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the p72syk kinase. Eur. J. Immunol. 24, 2491-2496.
103. 1 integrin-mediated activation of focal adhesion kinase and its association with Fyn and Zap-70 in human NK cells. J. Immunol. 157, 3860-3868.
104. Galandrini, R., Palmieri, G., Piccoli, M., Frati, L., Santoli, A. (1996) CD16-mediated p21ras activation is associated with Shc and p36 tyrosine phosphorylation and with Grb2 in human natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 183, 179-186.
105. Windebank, K. P., Abraham, R. T., Powis, G., Olsen, R. A., Barna, T. J., Leibson, P. J. (1988) Signal transduction during human natural killer cell activation: inositol phosphate generation and regulation by cyclic AMP. J. Immunol. 141, 3951-3957.
106. Einspahr, K. J., Abraham, R. T., Binstadt, B. A., Uehara, Y., Leibson, P. J. (1991) Tyrosine phosphorylation provides an early and requisite signal for the activation of natural killer cell cytotoxic function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 6279-6283.
107. O'Shea, J. J., McVicar, D. W., Kuhns, D. B., Ortaldo, J. R. (1992) A role for protein tyrosine kinase activity in natural cytotoxicity as well as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Effect of herbimycin A. J. Immunol. 148, 2497-2502.
108. Campbell, K. S., Dessing, M., Lopez-Botet, M., Cella, M., Colonna, M. (1996) Tyrosine phosphorylation of a human killer inhibitory receptor recruits protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 C. J. Exp. Med. 184, 93-100.
109. Burshtyn, D. N., Scharenberg, A. M., Wagtmann, N., Rajagopalan, S., Berrada, K., Yi, T., Kinet, J.-P., Long, E. O. (1996) Recruitment of tyrosine phosphatase HCP by the killer cell inhibitory receptor. Immunity 4, 77-85.
110. Vivier, E., Daëron, M. (1997) Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs. Immunol. Today 18, 286-291.
111. Poggi, A., Pardi, R., Pella, N., Morelli, L., Sivori, S., Vitale, M., Revello, V., Moretta, A., Moretta, L. (1993) CD45-mediated regulation of LFA1 function in human natural killer cells. Anti-CD45 monoclonal antibodies inhibit the calcium mobilisation induced via LFA1 molecules. Eur. J. Immunol. 23, 2454-2463.