Expression of recombinant glycoproteins in the simple eukaryote dictyostelium discoideum

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 1-36

  Slade, Martin B ^a   Emslie, Kerry R ^a   Williams, Keith L ^a  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM; RECOMBINANT GLYCOPROTEINS; SIMPLE++;

GLYCOPROTEIN; PLASMID VECTOR; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; SIGNAL PEPTIDE;

DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM; EUKARYOTE; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN SECRETION; REVIEW;

DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM; EUKARYOTA;

EID: 0031453639     PISSN: 02648725     EISSN: 20465556     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1997.10647937     Document Type: Article

References (212)

1. Alexander, S., Leone, S., Ostermeyer, E. and Sydow, I.M. (1990). Regulatory gene interactions controlling discoidin lectin expression InDictyostelium discoideum. Developmental Generics 11, 418-424.
2. Alexander, S., Leone, S. and Ostermeyer, E. (1991). Translation control of discoidin lectin expression in drsA suppressor mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum. Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, 3171-3179.
3. Alton, T.H., AND LODISH, H.F. (1977). Developmental changes in messenger RNAs and protein synthesis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Developmental Biology 60, 180-206.
4. ANSON, M., GEEVES, M.A., KURZWA, S.E., AND Manstein, D.J. (1996) Myosin motors with artificial lever arms. EMBO Journal, in press.
5. Ashktorab, H., and Welker, D.L. (1988). Establishment of the nuclear location of Dicfyosielitum discoideum plasmids. Gene 65, 41-49.
6. Ashworth, J.M. and Waits, D.J. (1970). Metabolism of the cellular stime mould Dictyostelium discoideum grown in axenic culture. Biochemical Journal 119, 175-182.
7. Ashworth, J.M. and Quance, J. (1972). Enzyme synthesis in myxamoebae of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum during grown in axenic culture. Biochemical Journal 126,601-608.
8. Bellamy, A. R., Both, G. W. (1990). Molecular biology of rotaviruses. Advances in Virus Research 38, 1-43.
9. Bennett, V.D. and Dimond, R.L. (1986). Biosynthesis of two developmental distinct acid phosphatase isoenzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 5355-5362.
10. Blume, J.E. and Ennis, H.L. (1991). A Dictyostelium cellulase is a member of a spore germination specific gene family. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 15432-15437.
11. Blusch, J., Morandini, P. and Nellen, W. (1992) Transcription regulation by folate: inducible gene expression in Dictyostelium transformants during growth and early development. Nucleic Acids Research 20, 6235-6238.
12. Boose, J.A., Henderson, E.J. (1986) Sulphate selection of Dictyostelium discoideum mutants defective in protein glycosylation. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, 2820-2827.
13. Braun, V., Hantke, K., Wolff, H. and Gerisch, G. (1972) Degradation of the raurein lipoprotein complex of Escherichia coli cell walls by Dictyostelium amoebae. European Journal of Biochemistry 27, 116-125.
14. Burns, R.A., Livi, G. P. and Dimond, R.L. (1981) Regulation and secretion of early de velopmentally controlled enzymes during axenic growth in Dictyostelium discoidewn. Developmental Biology 84, 407-416.
15. CARDELLI, J.A., GOLUMBESKl, G.S. and Dimond, R.L. (1986) Lysosomal enzymes in Dictostelium discoideum arc transported at distincly different rates. Journal of Cell Biology 102. 1264-1270.
16. Cardelli, J.A., bush, J.M., Ebert, D., and FREEZE, H.H. (1990) Sulphate N-linked oligosaccharides affect secretion, but are not essential for the transport, proteolytic processing and sorting of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265. 8847-8853.
17. Champion, A., Griffiths, K., Gooley, A. A., Gonzalez, B. Y., Gritzali, M., West, C.M., and Williams, K. L. (1995). Immunochemical, genetic and morphological comparison of fucosvlation mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum. Microbiology 141, 785-797.
18. Chano, A.C.M., Williams, K.L., Williams, J.G., and Ceccarelli, A. (1989).Complementaion of a Dictyostelium discoideum thymidylate synthase mutation with the mouse gene provides a new selectable marker for transformation. Nucleic Acids Research 17, 3655-3661.
19. Chang, A.C.M., Slade, M. B. and Williams, K.L. (1990). Identification of the origin of replication of the eukaryott Dictvostelium discoideum nuclear plasmid Ddp2. Plasmid 24, 208-217.
20. CHANG, A.C.M., Hall, R.M., Williams, K.L. (1991). Bleomycin resistance as aselectable marker for transformation of the eukaryote, Dictyostelium discoideum. Gene 107. 165-170.
21. Clarke, M., Kayman, S.C. and Riley, K. (1987). Density dependent induction of discoidin-1 synthesis in exponentially growing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. Differentiation 34, 79-87.
22. CLARKE, M., Yang, J. and Kayman, S.C. (1988) Analysis of the prestarvation response in growing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. Developmental Genetics 9, 315-326.
23. Clarke, ML, Dominguez, N., Yuen, I.S. and Gomer, R.H. (1992). Growing and starving Dictyostelium cells produce distinct density-sensing factors. Developmental Biology 152, 403-406.
24. Cohen, S.M., Knecht, D., Lodish, H.F. and Loomis, W.F. (1986). DNA sequences required for expression of a Dictyostelium actin gene. EMBO Journal 5, 3361-3366.
25. Cotter, D.A., and Raper, K.B. (1968) Factors affecting the rate of heat-induced spore germination in Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Bacteriology 96, 86-92.
26. Couso, R., Van Halbeek, H., Reinhold, V., and Kornfeld, S. (1987). The high mannose oligosaccharides of Dictyostelium discoideum glycoproteins contain a novel intersecting N-acetylgiucosamine residue. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262, 4521-4527.
27. Da Silva, A.M. and Klein, C. (1990). Cell adhesion in transformed D. discoideum cells: expression of gp80 and its biochemical characterisation. Developmental Biology, 140, 139-148.
28. Davis, S J. and Wheldrake, J.F. (1986). Sulphation and the vegatativegrowth of Dictyostelium discoideum. European Journal of Biochemistry 158, 179-185.
29. DELAHUNTY, M.D., STAFFORD, F.J., YUAN, L.C., SHAZ, D., BONIFACINO, J.S. (1993). Uncleavedsignalsforglycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring cause retention of precursor proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 12017-12027.
30. De LOZANNE, A., SPUDICH, J.A. (1987). Disruption of the Dictyostelium myosin heavy chain gene by homologous recombination. Science 236, 1086-1091.
31. DEPRAITERE, C., Darmon, M. (1978). Croissance de l’amibe socialc Dictyostelium sur differentes especes bacteriennes. Annales de Microbiologie (Institute Pasteur) 129, 451-461.
32. Desbarats, L., Brar, S.K., Siu, C-H. (1994). Involvement of cell-cell adhesion in the expression of the cell cohesion molecule gp80 in Dictvostelium discoideum. Journal of Celt Science 107, 1705-1712.
33. Devine, J., Mltsang, A.S. and Williams, J.G. (1982). Differential expression of the members of the discoidin 1 mulligene family during growth and development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell 28. 793-800.
34. Dieckmann-Schuppert, A., B ause, E. and Schwartz, R.T. (1993). Studies on O-glycans of Plasmodium falciparum infected human erythrocytes. Evidence for O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc transferase in maleria Parasite. European Journal of Biochemistry 216,779-788.
35. Dingermann, T., REINDL, N., WERNER, H., HILDEBRANDT, M., NELLEN, W., HARWOOD, A., Williams, J., Nerke, K. (1989). Optimisation and in situ detection of Escherichia coli ß-galactosidase gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum. Gene 85, 353-362.
36. Dingermann, T., Troidl, E-M., Broker, M., NERKE, K. (1991). Expression of human antithrombin III in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 35, 496-503.
37. Dimond, R.L., Burns, R. A., Jordan, K.B. (1981). Secretion of lysosomal enzymes in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262, 6565-6572.
38. Dittrich, w., Williams, K.L. and Slade, M B. (1994) Production and secretion of recombinant proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. Bio/Technology 12, 614-618.
39. DONG, D.L.-Y. Hart, G.W. (1994) Purification and characterisation of an O-GlcNAc selective N-acety-ß-D-glucosaminidase from rat spleen cytosol. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 19321-19330.
40. Dong, D.L.-Y., Xu, Z. S., Chevrier, M.R., Correr, R. J., Cleveland, D.W. and Hart, G.W. (1993). Glycosylation of mammalian neurofilaments. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268. 16679-16687.
41. Early, A.E., Wilhams, J.G., Meyer, H.E., Por, S.B., Sith, E., Williams, K.L. and Gooley, A.A. (1988). Structural characterisation of Dictyostelium discoideum prespore specific gene D19 and of its product, cell surface glycoprotein PsA. Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, 3458-3466.
42. Egelhoff, T.H., Brown, S.S., MANSTEIN, D.J. and Spudich, J.A. (1989)1 Hygromycin resistance as a selectable marker in Dictyostelium discoideum. Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, 1965-1968.
43. Emsue, K.R., Miller, J.M., Slade, M.B., Dormitzer, P.R., Greenberg, H.B. and Williams, K.L. (1995). Expression of the rotavirus SA1I protein VP7 in the simple eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Virology 69, 1747-1754.
44. Emslie, K.R., Coukell, M.B., Birch, D. and Williams, K.L. (1996a). Calcium influences the stability and conformation of rotavirus SA11 glycoprotein VP7 expressed in Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biotechnology 50,149-159.
45. Emslie, K.R., Birch, D., Champion, a.C. and Williams, K.L. (1996b). Localisation of glycoproteins containing type 3 O-Jinked glycosylation to multilameilar bodies in Dictyostelium discoideum. Submitted.
46. Faix, J., GERISCH, G., Noegel, A.A. (1990). Constitutive overexpression of the contact site A glycoprotein enables growth-phase cells of Dictvostelium discoideum to aggregate. EMBO Journal 9, 2709-2716.
47. Faix, J., Gerisch, G. and NOEGEL, A.A. (1992). Overexpression of the csA cell adhesion molecule under its own cAMP-regulated promoterimpairs morphogenesis in Dictyostelium. Journal of Cell Science 102, 203-214.
48. Faix, J., Dittrich, W., Prassler, J., Westphal, M. and Gerisch, G. (1995). pDcsA Vectors for strictly regulated protein synthesis during early development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Plasmid 34. 148-151.
49. FARRAR, N.A. and Williams, K.L. (1988) Nuclear plasmids in the simple eukaryotes Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Dictyostelium discoideum. Tends in Genetics 4, 343-348.
50. Farrar, N.A., Kiyosawa, H., Hughes, J.E., Welker, D.L. and Williams, K.L. (1994). Nucleotide sequence of Ddpl, a high copy number nuclear plasmid of Dictyostelium discoideum. Plasmid 31, 184-195.
51. Fasel, N., Begdadi-Rais, C., Bernard, M., Bron, C., Corradin, G. and Reymond, C.D. (1992). Dictyostelium discoideum as an expression host for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. Gene 111, 157-163.
52. Ferguson, R. and Soll, D.R. (1976). The absence of a growth inhibitor during the log phase of growth of Dictyostelium discoideum. Developmental Biology 52, 158-160.
53. FOSNAUGH, K.L. LOOMIS, W.F. (1989). Sequence of the Dictyostelium discoideum spore coat gene SP96. Nucleic Acids Research 17, 9489.
54. Franke, J. and Kessin, R. (1977). A defined medium for axenic strains of Dictyostelium discoideum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 74, 2154-2161.
55. FREER, S.J., Schfmke, R.T., FREEZE, H.H., LOOMIS, W.F. (1978). Characterisation and genetic mapping of modA. A mutation in the post-translational modification of the glycosidases of Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 253, 4102-4106.
56. FREEZE, H.H. (1985). Interaction of Dictyostelium discoidewn lysosomal enzymes with the mammalian phosphomannosyl receptor. The importance of oligosaccharides that contain phosphodiesters. Journal of Biological Chemistry 260, 8857-8864.
57. FREEZE, H.H. (1986). Modifications of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 72,47-65.
58. FREEZE, H.H. ICHIKAWA, M. (1995). Identification of N-acetylglucosaminea-1-phosphate transferase activity in Dictyostelium discoideum: an enzyme that initiates phosphoglycosylation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 208, 384-389.
59. FREEZE, H.H., MILLER, A.L. (1980). ModA: A post-translational mutation affecting phosphorylated and sulfated glycopeptides in Dictyostelium discoideum. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 35, 17-27.
60. FREEZE, H. H., WOLGAST, D. (1986a). Structural analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins secreted by Dictyoselium discoideum. Identification of mannose 6- sulphate. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 127-134.
61. FREEZE, H.H. WOLGAST, D. (1986b). Biosynthesis of methylphosphomannosyI residues in the oligosaccharides of Dictyostelium discoideum glycoproteins. Evidence that the methyl group is derived from methionine. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 135-141.
62. Freeze, H.H., Millor, A. L. Kaplan, A. (1980). Acid hydrolases from Dictyostelium discoideum contain phosphomannosyl recognition markers. Journal of Biological Chemistry 255, 11081-11084.
63. Freeze, H.H., Yeh, R., Miller, A.L. and Kornfeld, S. (1983). The mod a mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum is missing the all,3-glucosidase involved in asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing. Journal of Biological Chemistry 258, 14880-14884.
64. Freeze, H.H., Mierendorf, R.C., Wunderlich, R. and Dimond, R.L. (1984). Sulphated oligosaccharides block antibodies to many Dictyostelium discoideum acid hydrolases. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259, 10641-10643.
65. Freeze, H.H., Willies, L., Hamilton, S., and Koza-Taylor, P. (1989). Two mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum that lack a sulphated carbohydrate antigenic determinant synthesise a truncated lipid-linked precursor of N-linked oligosaccharides. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 5653-5659.
66. Freeze H.H., Koza-Taylor, p., Jones, J.A. and Loomis, W.F. (1990a) Cell-free N- glycosylation in Dictyostelium discoideum: analysis of wild-type and mutants defective in lipid linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 43, 27-42.
67. FREEZE, H.H., BUSH, J.M., and Cardelli, J. (1990b). Biochemical and genetic analysis of an antigenic determinant found on N-linked oligosaccharides Dictyosteliunt. Developmental Genetics 11.463-472.
68. Gabel, C. A., Costella, C.E., Reinhold, V.N., Kurz, L., and Kornfeld, S. (1984). Identification of methylphosphomannosyl residues as components of the high mannose oligosaccharides ofDictyostelium discoideum glycoproteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259, 13762-13769.
69. GERISCH, G., Fromm, H., HUESGEN, A., Wick, U. (1975). Control of cell-contact sites by cyclic AMP pulses in differentiating Dictyostelium cells. Nature 255,547-549.
70. GEZELIUS, K. (1962). Growth of the cellular siime mold Dictyostelium discoideum on dead bacteria in liquid media. Physiologia Plantation 15, 587-592.
71. 3 Mr protein mediates sensing of cell density and the onset of development in Dictyostelium. Development 112, 269-278.
72. GOOLEY, A.A, Classon, B.J., Marschalek, R. and Williams, K.L. (1991). Glycosylation sites identified by detection of glycosy latated amino acids released from Edman degradation: the identification of Xaa-Pro-Xaa-Xaa as a moti f forThr-O-glycosy and Biophysical Research Communications 178, 1194-1201.
73. Gooley, A.A., Marshchalek, R. and Williams, K.L. (1992). Size polymorphisms due to changes in the number of O-glycosylated tandem repeats in the Dictyostelium discoideum glycosprotein PsA. Genetics 130,749-756.
74. GREIS, K.D., Gibson, W. and Hart, G.W. (1994), Site-specific glycosylation of the human cytomegalovirus tegument basic phosphoprotein (UL32) at serine 921 and serine 952. Journal of Virology 68, 8339-8349.
75. Griffiths, K.R., Champion, A.C., Vesey, G. and Williams, K.L. (1996) Isolation of glycosylation mutants in Dictyostelium discoideum using flow cytometry. Cytometry 25, 133-143.
76. Gustafson, G.L. and Gander, J.E. (1984). 0-ß-(N-Acetyl-oc-glucosamine-l- phosphory!)serine in protease 1 from Dictyostelium discoideum. Methods in Cell Biology 107,172-183.
77. Gustafson, G.L. AND Milner, L.A. (1980). The occurrence of N-AcetyIglucosamine-1- phosphate in protease I from Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 255, 7208-7210.
78. HALTIWANGER, R.S., KELLY, W.G., ROQUEMORE, E.P., BLOMBERG, C. M.A., DONG, D.L.-Y., Kreppel, L., CHOU, T.-Y. and Hart, G.W. (1992) Glycosylation of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is ubiquitous and dynamic. Biochemistry Society Transactions 20, 264-269.
79. Hard, K., Damm, J.B.L., Spuijt, M.P.N., Bergwerff, A.A., Kamerling, J.P., Van Dedem, G.W.K. and Vliegenthart, J.F.G. (1992). The carbohydrate chains of the ß-subunitof human chorionic gonadotropin produced by the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo. Novel O-linked and novel bisecting GlcNAc containing N-linked carbohydrates. European Journal of Biochemistiy 205, 785-798.
80. Harris, R.J., Ling, V.T. and Spellman, M.W. (1992). O-Iinked fucose is present in the first epidermal growth factor domain of factor XII but not protein C. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267.5102-5107.
81. Hart, G.W., Haltiwanger, R.S., Holt, G.D. and Kelly, W.G. (1989). Glycosylation in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Annual Review of Biochemistry 58,841-874.
82. Haynes, P.A., Gooley, A.A., Ferguson, M.A.J., Redmond, J.W. and Williams, K.L. (1993). Post-translational modifications of the Dictyostelium discoideum glycoprotein PsA. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol membrane anchor and composition of O-linked oligosaccharides. European Journal of Biochemistry 216, 729-737.
83. Haynes, P.A., Ferguson, M.A.J. and Cross, G.A.M. (1996). Structural characterisation of novel oligosaccharides of cell surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma crttzi. Submitted to Glycobiology.
84. HENDERSON, E J. (1984). The role of glycoproteins in the life cycle of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. In The Biology of Glycoproteins. pp371-443. (Ivatt, R.I. Ed.) Plenum Publishing Corp.
85. Hohmann, H-P., gerisch, G., LEE, R.W. HUTTNER, W.B. (1985). Cell-free sulphation of the contact site A glycoprotein ofDictyostelium discoideum and of a partially glycosylated precursor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 260, 13869-13878.
86. Hori, R. and Firtel, R. A. (1994). Identification and characterisation of multiple A/T-rich exacting elements that control expression from the Dictyostelium actin promoters: the Dictyostelium actin upstream activating sequence confers growth phase expression and has enhancer-like properties. Nucleic Acid Research 22,5099-5111.
87. Hughes, J.E. Welker, D.J.L. (1989). Copy number control and compatibility of nuclear plasmids in Dictyostelium discoideum. Plasmid 22, 215-223.
88. Hughes, J.E., Ashktorab, H. and Welker, D.L. (1988) Nuclear plasmids in Dictyostelium slime moulds Developmental Generics B. 495-504.
89. Hughes, J.E., Podgorski, G. J. Welker, D.L. (1992) Selection of Dictyostelium discoideum transformants and analysis of vector maintatnence using live bacteria resistant to G418. Plasmid 28,46-60.
90. Hughes, J.E., Kiyosawai, H. and Welker, D.L. (1994) Plasmid maintenance functions encoded on Dictyostelium discoideum nuclear piasmid Ddpl. Molecular and Cellular Biology 14.6117-6124.
91. Ilg, T., Overath, P., Ferguson, M.A.J., Rutherford, T., Campbell, D.G. and Mcconville, MJ. (1994). O- and N-glycosylation of the Leishmania mexicana secreted acid phosphatase. Characterization of a new class of phosphoserinc-linked glycans. Journal of Biological Chemist ty 269,24073-24081.
92. Ivatt, R.J., Das, O.P., Henderson, E. J. and Robbins, P.W. (1981) Developmental regulation of glycoprotein biosynthesis in Dictyostelium. Journal Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17, 359-368.
93. Ivait, RJ., Das, O.P., Henderson, E.J. and Robbins, P.W. (1984). Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Dictyostelium discoideum: developmental regulation of the protein-linked glycans. Cell 38, 561-567.
94. JAIN, R., and GOMER, R.H. (1994) A developmental regulated cell surface receptor for a density-sensing factor in Dictyostelium. Journal of Biological Chemisny 269, 9128-9136.
95. Jain, R., Yuen, I.S., taphouse, C.R. and Gomer, R.H. (1992). A density-sensing factor controls development in Dictyostelium. Genes and Development 6. 390-400.
96. Jung, E., Gooley, A.A., Packer, N.H., Slade, M.B., Williams, K.L., and Dittrich, W. (1997). An in vim approach forthe identification of acceptorsitesforO-glycosyltransferases. Biochemistry. 36. in press.
97. Kalpaxis, D., Werner, H., Marcotte, E.B., Jacquet, M. and Dingermann, T. (1990). Positive selection for D. discoideum mutants lacking uridine monophosphate synthase activity based on resistance to5-fluoro orotic acid. Developmental Genetics 11.396-402.
98. Kaslow, D.C. and Shiloach, J. (1994). Production, purification and immunogenicity of a maleria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate: TBV25H expressed in yeast and purified using nickle-NTA agarose. BioTechnology 12.494-499.
99. Kim, J.Y., Vanhaastert, P. and Devreoius, P.N. (1996). Social senses-G-protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways in Dictyostelium discoideum. Chemistry and Biology 3, 239-243.
100. Kimmel, A.R., and Carlisle, B. (1986). A gene expressed in undifferentiated vegetative Dictyostelium is repressed by developmental pulses of CAMP and reinduced during dedifferentiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 83, 2506-2510.
101. Kimmel, A.R. and Firtel, R.A. (1982). The organisation and expression of theD. discoideum genome. In The Development of Dictyostelium discoideum. (Spudich, J.A., Ed.). pp 233-324. Academic Press.
102. Klein, P.S., and Darmon, M. (1977). Effects of cyclic AMP pulses on adenylate cyclase and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor of D discoideum. Nature 268, 76-78.
103. Klein, P.S., Sun, T.J., Saxe, C.L., Kimmel, A.R., Johnson, R.L., and Devrotes, P.N. (1988). A chemoattractunt receptor conlrols development in Dictyostelium discoideum. Science 241. 1467-1472.
104. Knecht, D.A., and Dimond, R.L. (1981). Lysosomal enzymes possess a common antigenic determinant in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 256. 3564-3575.
105. Knecht, D.A., Jung, J. Matthews, L. (1990). Quantification of transformation efficiency using a new method for clonal growth and selection of axenic Dictyostelium cells. Developmental Genetics 11.403-409.
106. Knecht, D.A., Dimond, R.L., Wheeler, S. and Loomis, W.F. (1985). Antigenic determinants shared by lysosomal proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum. Characterisation using monoclonal antibodies and isolation of mutations affecting the determinant. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259, 10633-10640.
107. Knecht, D.A., Green, E.D., Loomis, W.F. and Dimond, R.L. (1985). Developmental changes in the modifications of lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Developmental Biology 107,490-502.
108. Knecht, D.A., COHEN, S.M., Loomis, W.F. LODESH, H.F. (1986). Developmental regulation of Dictyostelium discoideum actin gene fusions carried on low-copy and high- copy transformation vectors. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, 3973-3983.
109. Knecht, D.A. Kessin, R.H. (1990). Recent advances in the molecular genetics of Dictyostelium. Developmental Genetics 11, 388-390.
110. Kozak, M. (1986). Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes. Cell 44,283-292.
111. Kozak, M. (1991). Structural features in eukaryotic mRNAs that modulate the initiation of translation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266,19867-19870.
112. Ku, N.-O. OMARY, M.B. (1994). Expression, glycosylation and phosphorylation of human keratins 8 and 18 in insect cells. Experimental Cell Research 211,24-35.
113. KUSPA, A., and LOOMIS, W.F. (1996). Ordered yeast artificial chromosome clones representing the Dictyostelium discoideum genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. in press.
114. Lang, L., Couso, R. and Kornfeld, S. (1986) Glycoprotein phosphorylation in simple eucaryotic organisms. Identification of UDP-GlcNAc:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosamine-I-phosphotransferase activity and analysis of substrate specificity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 6320-6325.
115. Leiting, B., Noegel, A. A. (1988). Construction of an extrachromosomally replicating transformation vector for Dictyostelium discoideum. Plasmid 20, 241-248.
116. Leiting, B. and Noegel, A. A. (1991). The Blegene Streptoalloteichus hindustanus as a new selectable marker for Dictyostelium discoideum confers resistance to phleomycin. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 180, 1403-1407.
117. Leiting, B., Linder, I. J., and Noegel, A.A. (1990). The extrachromosomal replication of Dictyostelium plasmid Ddp2 requires a cis-acting element and a plasmid encoded transacting factor. Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, 3727-3736.
118. Livi, G.P., WOYCHIK, N.A. and Dimond, R.L. (1987). A late change in lysosomal enzyme suiphation specific to newly synthesised proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. Developmental Biology 121,293-300.
119. LOOMIS, W.F. (1975). Dictyostelium discoideum: a developmental system. Academic Press, NY.
120. Loomis, W.F. (1982). The development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Academic Press, NY.
121. Loomis, W.F., Wheeler, S.A., Springer, W.R. and Barondes, S. H. (1985). Adhesion mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum lacking the saccharide determinant recognised by two adhesion-blocking monoclonal antibodies. Developmental Biology 109,111-117.
122. Loomis, W.F., Welker, D., Hughes, J., Maghakian, D. and Kuspa, A. (1995). Integrated maps of the chromosomes in Dictyostelium discoideutn. Genetics 141, 147-157.
123. LOUVION, J-F., Scholder, J-C., PINAUD, S., Reymond, C.D. (1991). Two independent promoters as well as 5’ untranslated regions regulate Dd ras expression in Dictyostelium. Nucleic Acids Research 19, 6133-6138.
124. Luo, Q., Michaelis, C. and Weeks, G. (1994). Over expression of a truncated cyclin B gene auestsDictyostelium cell division during mitosis. Journal of Cell Science 107, 3105-3114.
125. Ma, G.C.L. and Firtel, R.A. (1978). Regulation of synthesis of two carbohydrate-binding proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 253, 3924-3932.
126. Maeda, Y. (1983). Axenic growth of Dictyostelium discoideum wild-type NC-4 cells and its relation to endocytotic ability. Journal of General Microbiology 129, 2467-2473.
127. Mckeown, M. and FIRTEL, R.A. (1981). Differential expression and 5’ end mapping of actin genes in Dictyostelium. Cell 24, 799-807.
128. Malchow, D., Luderitz, O., KICKHOFEN, B., and WESTPKAL, O. (1969). Polysaccharides in the vegetative and aggregation-competent amoeba of Dictyostelium discoideum. 2. Purification and characterisation of amoeba-degraded bacterial polysaccharides. European Journal of Biochemistry 7,239-246.
129. Manciarotti, G., Bulfone, S., Giorda, R., Morandini, P., Ceccarelli, A. and Hames, B.D. (1989). Analysis of specific mRNA destabilisation during Dictyostelium development. Development 106,473-481.
130. MANIAK, M., NELLEN, W. (1991) processing in Dictyostelium: unusual sequence requirements and interaction with a downstream promoter. Molecular Microbiology 5, 245-251.
131. MANN, S.K.O., Pinko, C., FIRTEL, R.A. (1987). cAMP regulation of early gene expression i n Dictyostelium discoideum: mediation via the cell surfacecAMP receptor. Molecular and Cellular Biology 7.458-469.
132. Mann, S.K., Devreotes, P.N., Elliot, S., Jermyn, K., Kuspa, A., Fechheimer, M. Furijkawa, R., Parent, C.A., Segall, I., Shaulsky, G., Vardy, P.H., Williams, J., Williams, K.L. and Firtel, R.A. (1994). Cell biological, molecular gcnetic and biochemical methods to examine Dictyostelium. In: Cell Biology: a laboratory handbook (Cellis, J.E., Ed.), pp. 412-451. Academic Press, N.Y.
133. Manstein, D.J., Schuster, H-P., Morandini, P. and Hunt, D.M. (1995). Cloning vectors for the production of proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. Gene 162, 129-134.
134. Marin, F.T. (1976). Regulation of development Dictyostelium discoideum: 1. Initiation of the growth to development transition by amino acid starvation. Developmental Biology 48. 110-117.
135. Marin, F.T. (1977). Regulation of development in Dictyostelium discoideum: II. Regulation of early cell differentiation by amino acid starvation and intercellular interaction. Developmental Biology 60, 389-395.
136. Mehta, D.P., Ichikawa, M., Slaimath, P.V., Etchison, J.R., Haak, R., Manzi, A. and Freeze, H.H. (1996) A lysosomal cysteine protease from Dictyostelium discoideum contains N-acetylglucosamine- I -phosphate bound to serine but notmannose-6-phosphate on N-linked oligosaccarides. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 10897-10903.
137. Metz, B.A., Ward, T.E., Welker, D.L. and Williams, K.L. (1983). Identification of an endogenous plasmid in Dictyostelium discoideum. EMBO Journal 2. 515-519.
138. Mierendorf, R.C., Cardelli, J.A. and Dimond, R.L. (1985). Pathways involved in targeting and secretion of a lysosomal enzyme mDictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Cell Biology 100, 1777-1787.
139. MOORE, B.R., Vladutiu, G. Free, S.J. (1987). A developmentally controlled change in the post-translational modifications on the lysosomal a-mannosidaseof the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. Biochemistry Journal 243, 739-746.
140. MORGAN, P. Caras, I.W. (1992) Proteins containing an uncleavcd signal for glycophosphatidylinositol membrane anchor attachment are retained in a post-ER compartment. Journal of Cell Biology 119, 763-772.
141. Murray, BA., Wheeler, S., Jongens, T., and Loomis, W.F. Mutations affecting a surface glycoprote in, gp80, of Dictyostelium discoideum. Molecular and Cellular Biology 4,514-519.
142. Nasir-Ud-Din, DragerDayal, R., Decrind, C., Hu, B., Del Giudice, G.D., and Hoessli, D. (1992). Plasmodium falciparum synthesises O-glycosylated glycoproteins containing O-linked N-acetylglucosamtne. Biochemistry International 27, 55-64.
143. NELLEN, W., SILAN, C., AND FIRTEL, R.A. (1984a) DNA-mediated transformation in Dictyostelium discoidetwr.regulated expression of an actin gene fusion. Molecular and Cellular Biology 4, 2890-2898.
144. Nellen, W., Sllan, C., Firtel, R.A. (1984b) DNA mediated transformation in Dictyostelium. In Molecular Biology of Development, 19th Edition, pp633-645 Alan R. Liss. Inc., NY.
145. Nellen, W., Sllan, C., SAUR, U., Flrtel, R.A. (1986). Regulatory sequences in the promoter of the Dictyostelium actin 6 gene. EMBO Journal 5, 3367-3372.
146. Noegel, A.A., Welker, D.L., Metz, B.A., and Williams, K.L. (1985). Presence of nuclear associated plasmids in the lower eu karyote. Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Molecular Biology 185,447-450.
147. Noegel, A.A., Gerisch, G., Stadler, J., and Westphal, M. (1986). Complete sequence and transcriptional regulation of a cell adhesion protein from aggregating Dictyostelium cells. EMBO Journal 5, 1473-1476.
148. North, M.J. (1983). Solute uptake by Dictyostelium discoideum and its inhibition. Journal of General Microbiology 129, 1381-1386.
149. NVAME, K., CUMMINGS, R.D. and Damian, R.T. (1987) Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes glycoproteins containing terminal O-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262. 790-7995.
150. Orii, H-. Suziki, K., Tanaka, Y. and Yanagisawa, K. (1987). A new type of plasmid from a wild isolate of Dictyostelium sp: the existence of closely situated long inverted repeats. Nucleic Acid Research 15. 1097-1107.
151. Parent, C.A., Devrotgs, P.N. (1996). Molecular genetics of signal transduction. In: Dictyostelium. Annual Review of Biochemistry, in press.
152. Peters, D.J.M., Cammans, M., Smjt, S., Spek, W., Van Lookeren Campagne, M.M., and Schaap, P. (1991) Control of cAMP-induced gene expression by divergent signal transduction pathways. Developmental Genetics 12, 25-34.
153. POOLE, S.J. and Firtel, R.A. (1984a). Conserved structural features are found upstream from the three co-ordinately regulated discoidin I genes of Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Molecular Biology 172,203-220.
154. Poole, S.J. and Firtel, R.A. (1984b). Genomic instability and mobile genetic elements in regions surrounding two discoidin I genes of Dictyostelium discoideum. Molecular and Cellular Biology 4,671-680
155. Poole, S.J., Firtel, R.A., Lamar, E. and Rowekamp, W. (1981). Sequence and expression of the discoidin I gene family in Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal Molecular Biology 153,273-289.
156. Raper, K.B. (1984) The Dictyostelids. Princeton University Press, Princeton, U.S.
157. Rathi, A. and CLARKE, M. (1992). Expression of early developmental genes in Dictyostelium discoideum is initiated during exponential growth by an autocrine-dependent mechanism. Mechanisms in Development 36. 173-182.
158. Ratiii, A., Kayman, S.C. and Clarke, M. (1991) Induction of gene expression in Dictyostelium by prestarvation factor, a factor secreted by growing cells. Developmental Generics 12.82-87.
159. Reason, A.J., Morris, H.U., Pancio, M., Maris, R., Treisam, R.H., Haltiwanger, R.S., Hart, G.W., Kelley, W.G., Dell, A. (1992). Localisation of O-GlcNAc modifications on the serum response transcription factor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 16911-16921.
160. Rebstein, P.J., Weeks, G. Spiegelman, G.B. (1993). Altered morphology of vegetative amoebae induced by increased expression of the Dictyostelium discoideum ras-related gene rap I. Developmental Genetics 14,347-355.
161. Reymond, C.D., Beghdadi-Rais, C., Roggero, M., Duarte, E.A., Desponds, C., Bernard, M., Groux, D., Matile, H., Bron, C., Corradin, G., and Fasel, N.J. (1995). Anchoring of an immunogenic Plasmodium fallciparum circumsporozoite protein on the surface of Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 12941-12947.
162. Rfzzuto, R., SNADONA, D., BRINI, M., MARSCHALEK, R., DINGERMANN, T. BISSON, R. (1993). Structure of the promoter region of the gene encoding cytochrome C oxidase subunit V in Dictyostelium. European Journal of Biochemistry 211, 411-414.
163. Romans, P. Firtel, R.A. (1985a). Organisation of the Dictyostelium discoideum actin multigene family; flanking sequences show subfamily homologies and unusual dyad symmetries. Journal of Molecular Biology 183, 311-326.
164. Romans, P. and Firitsl, R.A. (1985b) Organisation of the actin multigene family of Dictyostelium discoideum and analysis of the variability in the protein coding regions. Journal of Molecular Biology 186, 321-336.
165. Romans, P., Firtel, R.A. and Sax, C.L. (1985) Gene-specific expression of the actin mtiltigene family of Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Molecular Biology 186, 337-355.
166. Rosen, S., Kafka, J.A., Simpson, D.L. and Barondes, S.H. (1973) Developmentally regulated carbohydrate binding protein in Dictyostelium discoideum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 70, 2554-2557.
167. Rosner, M.R., Verret, C.R. and Korana, H.G. (1979). The structure of lipopolysaccharide from an Escherichia colt heptose-less mutant. III. Two fatty acylamidases from Dictyostelium discoideum and their action on lipopolysaccharidc derivatives. Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, 5926-5933
168. Rowekamp, W., POOLE, S., Firtel, R.A. (1980) Analysis of the multigene family coding the developmentally regulated carbohydrate-binding protein discoidin-I inD. discoideum. Cell 20,495-505.
169. Sharkey, D. J., Kornfeld, R. (1989). Identification of an N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase ‘mDictyostelium discoideum that transfers intersecting N-acetylglycosamineresidues to high mannose oligosaccharides. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 10411-10419.
170. Sharkey, D. J. and Kornfeld, R. (1991a) Developmental regulation of processing a- mannosidases and ‘intersecting’ N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 18477-18484.
171. SHARKEY, D. J. Kornfeld, R. (1991b). Developmental regulation of Aspargine-Iinked oligosaccharide structures in Dictvostelium discoideum. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266. 18485-18497.
172. SHARP, P. M. Devine, M. (1989). Codon usage and gene expression level in Dictyostelium discoideum: highly expressed genes do ‘prefer’ optimal codons. Nucleic Acids Research 17, 5029-5039.
173. Siu, C-H., Lerner, R.A., Ma, G., Firtel, R.A. and Loomis, W.F. (1976). Developmentally regulated proteins of the plasma membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum. The carbohydrate binding protein. Journal of Molecular Biology 100, 157-178.
174. Slade, M.B., Chang, A.C. M. and Williams, K.L., (1990) The sequence and organisation of Ddp2. a high copy numbernuclear plasmid of DictYOSteliwn discoideum. Plasmid 24,195-207.
175. Slade, M.B., Chang, A.C.M. and Williams, K.L., (1995). Plasmid vectors for cellular slime moulds of the genus Dictyostelium. United States Patent No. 5,389,526.
176. SOLL, D.R., Yarger, J. and MIRICK, M. (1976) Stationary phase and the cell cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum in liquid medium. Journal of Cell Sciencc 20, 513-523.
177. SOUZA, G.M., Hirai, J., Mehta, D.P. and Freeze, H.H. (1995). Identification of Two Novel Dictyostelium discoideum cysteine proteases that carry N-acetylglucosamine- J -P modification. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 28938-28945.
178. Stadler, J., Gerisch, G., Bauer, G., Suckanek, C. and Huttner, W.B. (1983). in vivo sulphalion of the contact site A glycoprotein of Dictyostelium discoideum. EMBO Journal 2,1137-1143.
179. STANLEY, S.L., Tian, K. KOSTER, J.P., Ll, E.(1995). The scrinc-ch Entamoeba histolytica protein is a phosphorylated membrane protein containing O-linked terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 4121-4126.
180. Starr, C.M., D'onofrio, M., Park, M.K. and Hanover, J.A. (1990). Primary sequence and heterologous expession of a nuclear pore glycoprotein p: 62. Journal of Cell Biology 110, 1861-1871.
181. STEEL, L.F. Jacobson, A. (1991). Sequence elements that affect mRNA translational activity in developing Dictyostelium cells. Developmental Genetics 12, 98-103.
182. Stults, N.L. and Cummings, R.D. (1993). O-linked fucose in glycoproteins from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Glycobiology 3, 589-596.
183. Sussman, M. (1961) Cultivation and serial transfer of the stime mould, Dictyostelium discoideum in liquid nutrient medium. Journal of General Microbiology 25, 375-378.
184. Sussman, M. (1987) Cultivation and synchronous development of Dictyostelium under controlled experimental conditions. Methods in Cell Biology 28,9-29.
185. Sutoh, K. (1993) A transformation vector for Dictyostelium discoideum with a new selectable marker bsr. Plasmid 30, 150-154.
186. Tahas, I. and Kornfeld, R. (1979). Purification and characterisation of a rat iivcrgolgia-mannosidase capable of processing asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Journal of Biological Chemistry 254, 11655-11663.
187. Thilo, L. VOGEL, G. (1980) Kinetics of membrane internalisation and recycling during pinocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 77, 1015-1019.
188. TUCHMAN, J., Alton, T. and LODISH, H.F. (1974). Preferential synthesis of action during early development of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Developmental Biology 40, 116-128.
189. Van Haastert, P. J.M., Bishop, J.D., and Gomer, R.H. (1996). The density factor CMF permits cAMP-mediated activation of the chemoattractant receptor cAR1 in Dictyostelium. Journal of Cell Biology, in press.
190. Vauti, F., Morandini, P., Blusch, J., Sachse, A. and Neiaen, W. (1990). Regulation of the Discoidin I gamma gene in Dictyostelium: identification of individual promoler elements mediating induction of transcription and repression by cyclic AMP. Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, 4080-4088.
191. VERRET, C.R. (1984). Lipases specifically degrading iipopolysaccharide: fatty acyl amidases from Dictyostelium discoideum. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 6,452-454.
192. VERRET, C.R., ROSNER, M.R. Khorana, H.G. (1982a) Fatty acyl amidases from Dictyostelium discoideum that act on Iipopolysaccharide and derivatives. I. Partial purification and properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry 257, 10222-10227.
193. VERRET, C.R., ROSNER, M.R. and KHORANA, H.G. (1982b) Fatty acyl amidases from Dictyostelium discoideum that act on Iipopolysaccharide and derivatives. II. Aspects of substrate specificity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 257, 10228-10234.
194. VOITH, G. Dingermann, T. (1995a). Expression of CSA-hm2 fusion in Dictyostelium discoideum under the control of the Dictyostelium ras promoter reveals functional muscarinic receptors. Phannazie 80, 758-762.
195. Voith, G. and Dingermann, T. (1995b). Expression of the human muscarinic receptor gene m2 in Dictyostelium discoideum. Bio/Technology 13, 1225-1229.
196. Watts, D.J. (1977). Vitamin requirements for the growth of myxamoeba of Dictyostelium discoideum in a defined medium. Journal of General Microbiology 98, 355-361.
197. Watts, D.J. and Ashworth, J.M. (1970). Growth of myxamoeba of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum in axenic culture. Biochemical Journal 119, 171-174.
198. Wetterauer, B.W., Jacobsen, G., Morandini, P., and Macwiluams, H.K. (1993a). Mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum with defects in the regulation of discoidin I expression. Developmental Biology 159, 184-195.
199. Wetterauer, B.W., Salger, K. and Macwilliams, H.K. (1993b). Use of a transactive regulatory mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum in aeucaryotic expression system. Nucleic Acids Research 21, 1397-4101.
200. Wilczynska, Z., Fisher, P.R. (1994). Analysis of a complex plasmid insertion in a phototaxis-deficient transformant of Dictyostelium discoideum. Plasmid 32, 182-194.
201. Williams, K.L., KESSIN, R.H. Newell, P.O. (1974). Parasexual genetics in Dictyosteliiun discoideum: mitotic analysis of acryflavin resistance and growth in axenic medium. Journal of General Microbiology 84, 59-69.
202. WILLIAMS, K.L. and Newell, P.C. (1976). A genetic study of aggregation in the cellular slime mou Id Dictyostelium discoideum using complementation analysis. Genetics 82, 287-307.
203. WITKE, W., NELLEN, W., and Noegal, A.A. (1987) Homologous recombination in the Dictyostelium actinin gene leads to an altered mRNA and lack of the protein. EMBO Journal 6, 4143-4148.
204. Wong, L.M. and Siu, C.-H. (1986) Cloning of cDNA for the contact site A glycoprotein of Dictyostelium discoideum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 83, 4248-4252.
205. YAMAUCHI, K. (1991) The sequence flanking translational initiation site in protozoa. Nucleic Acids Research 19, 2715-2720.
206. Yarger, J. and Soll, D R. (1975). Transcription and division inhibitors in the medium of stationary phase cultures of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 390, 46-55.
207. Y arger, J., Stults, K. and Soll, D.R. (1974). Observations on the growth of Dictyostelium discoideum in axenic medium: evidence for an extracellular growth inhibitor synthesised by stationary phase cells. Journal of Cell Science 14, 681-690.
208. Yin, Y., Williamson, B.D. and Rutherford, C.L. (1994). An autonomously propagating luciferase-encoding vector for Dictyostelium discoideum. Gene 180, 293-298.
209. Yuen, I.S., Taphouse, C.R., HALFANT, K.A., GOMER, R.H. (1991) Regulation and processing of a secreted protein that mediates sensing of cell density in Dictyostelium. Development 113, 1375-1385.
210. Zachara, N.E., Packer, N.H., Temple, M.D., Slade, M.B., Jardine, D.R., Karuso, p., Moss, C.J., MABBUTT, B.C., CURM, P.M.G., WILLIAMS, K.L., GOOLEY, A.A. (1996) Recombinant prespore-specific antigen from Dictyostelium discoideum is a ß-sheet glycoprotein with aspacer peptide modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine. European Journal of Biochemistry 238, 511-518.
211. ZHOU-CHOU, T., COOLEY, À.A., SLADE, M.B., BOWERS, V.M., WILLIAMS, K.L. (1990). Purification of a membrane glycoprotein containing an inositol-containing phospholipid anchor from Dictyostelium discoideum. Journal of Biotechnology 16, 233-244.
212. Zhou-Chou, T., Slade, M B., Williams, K.L., Gooley, A.À. (1995). Expression, purification and characterisation of secreted recombinant glycoprotein PsA in Dictyosteliuin discoideum. Journal of Biotechnology 38, 137-149.