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Martinez FD, Stern DA, Wright AL, Holberg CJ, Taussig LM, Halonen M: Association of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ production by blood mononuclear cells in infancy with parental allergy skin tests and with subsequent development of atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995, 96:652-660.
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46
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Genetic 'risk' for atopy is associated with delayed postnatal maturation of T-cell competence
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Holt PG, Clough JB, Holt BJ, Baron-Hay MJ, Rose AH, Robinson BWS, Thomas WR: Genetic 'risk' for atopy is associated with delayed postnatal maturation of T-cell competence. Clin Exp Allergy 1992, 22:1093-1099.
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Decreased production of IFNy and increased production of IL-6 by cord blood mononuclear cells of newborns with a high risk of allergy
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Liao SY, Liao TN, Chiang BL, Huang MS, Chen CC, Chou CC, • Hsieh KH: Decreased production of IFNy and increased production of IL-6 by cord blood mononuclear cells of newborns with a high risk of allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 1996, 26:397-405. Consistent with earlier findings in references [43-46], this study suggests that postnatal maturation of Th1 associated immune functions may be sluggish in association with atopic family history.
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Liao, S.Y.1
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48
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Inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder
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Shirakawa T, Enomoto T, Shimazu S, Hopkin JM: Inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder. Science 1997, 275:77-79.
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49
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Human placental cytotrophoblasts produce the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10
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Roth I, Corry DB, Locksley RM, Abrams JS, Litton MJ, • Fisher SJ: Human placental cytotrophoblasts produce the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin 10. J Exp Med 1996, 184:539-548. Presents evidence that the placenta maintains a Th2-selective milieu within the fetal microenvironment, via the production of a range of molecules which are antagonistic to either the differentiation of Th1 cells or their production of IFN-γ.
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50
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2 inhibits T cell-dependent Ig secretion by neonatal but not adult lymphocytes
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Linnemeyer PA, Pollack SB: Prostaglandin E2-induced changes in the phenotype, morphology, and lytic activity of IL-2-activated natural killer cells. J Immunol 1993, 150:3747-3754.
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53
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0029036806
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Progesterone favours the development of human T helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines and promotes both IL-4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones
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Piccinni M-P, Giudizi M-G, Biagiotti R, Beloni L, Giannarini L, Sampognaro S, Parronchi P, Manetti R, Annunziato F, Livi C: Progesterone favours the development of human T helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines and promotes both IL-4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones. J Immunol 1995, 155:128-133.
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Piccinni, M.-P.1
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54
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The immunological pregnancy protective effective of progesterone is manifested via controlling cytokine production
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Szekeres-Bartho J, Faust Z, Varga P, Szereday L, Kelemen K: The immunological pregnancy protective effective of progesterone is manifested via controlling cytokine production. Am J Repod Immunol 1996, 35:348-351.
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55
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A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1/Th2 balance
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Szekeres-Bartho J, Wegmann TG: A progesterone-dependent • immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1/Th2 balance. J Reprod Immunol 1996, 31:81-95. Together with data from references [49-54], this paper presents evidence that the placenta maintains a Th2-selective milieu within the fetal microenvironment, via the production of a range of molecules which are antagonistic to either the differentiation of Th1 cells or their production of IFN-γ.
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Szekeres-Bartho, J.1
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Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: Could they be protective?
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Martinez FD: Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: could they be protective? Thorax 1994, 49:1189-1191.
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Björkstén B: Risk factors in early childhood for the development of atopic diseases. Allergy 1994, 49:400-407
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0028969925
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Environmental factors and primary T-cell sensitisation to inhalant allergens in infancy: Reappraisal of the role of infections and air pollution
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Holt PG: Environmental factors and primary T-cell sensitisation to inhalant allergens in infancy: reappraisal of the role of infections and air pollution. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1995, 6:1-10.
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Atopic versus infectious diseases in childhood: A question of balance?
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Holt PG, Sly PD, Björkstén B: Atopic versus infectious diseases •in childhood: a question of balance? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1997, 8:53-58. This paper reviews evidence suggesting that the postnatal maturation of the Th-cell (in particular Th-1) function is driven by microbial stimulation, both from infectious agents and from the normal commensal flora.
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Pediatr Allergy Immunol
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Holt, P.G.1
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60
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The requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction
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Sudo N, Sawamura S, Tanaka K, Aiba Y, Kubo C, Koga Y: The •• requirement of intestinal bacterial flora for the development of an IgE production system fully susceptible to oral tolerance induction. J Immunol 1997, 159:1739-1745. This study demonstrates that mucosal administration of a soluble protein allergen to mice with a normal gastrointestinal flora tolerizes both Th-1 and Th-2 responses to the allergen, whereas germ free (GF) mice of the same strain were able to tolerize only the Th-1 arm of the response. Reconstitution of the intestinal flora of the GF mice restored the susceptibility of their Th-2 responses to mucosal tolerance induction; this was only effective if reconstitution was performed in neonates, but not in older mice.
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J Immunol
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Sudo, N.1
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Aiba, Y.4
Kubo, C.5
Koga, Y.6
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