Chirality assignment of amines and amino alcohols based on circular dichroism induced by helix formation of a stereoregular poly((4- carboxyphenyl)acetylene) through acid-base complexation

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volumn 119, Issue 27, 1997, Pages 6345-6359

  Yashima, Eiji ^a   Matsushima, Teruyuki ^a   Okamoto, Yoshio ^a  

^a NAGOYA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACID; AMINE; AMINOALCOHOL; BASE; POLYACETYLENE DERIVATIVE;

ARTICLE; CHIRALITY; CIRCULAR DICHROISM; COMPLEX FORMATION; ENANTIOMER; OPTICAL ROTATION; PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE;

EID: 0030858329     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja964470y     Document Type: Article

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56. (d) Deng, G.; James, T. D.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 4567-4572.
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65. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
66. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
67. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
68. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
69. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
70. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
71. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
72. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
73. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
74. The CD exciton chirality method developed by Nakanishi and Harada has been extensively applied for determining the absolute configurations' of chiral molecules. For reviews, see: (a) Harada, N.; Nakanishi, K. Circular Dichroic Spectroscopy - Exciton Coupling in Organic Stereochemistry; University Science Book: Mill Valley, CA, 1983. (b) Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. In Circular Dichroism - Principles and Applications; Nakanishi, K., Berova, N., Woody, R. W., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1994; Chapter 13. For recent examples, see: (c) Wiesler, W. T.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 5574-5583. (d) Harada, N.; Saito, A.; Ono, H.; Gawronski, J.; Gawronska, K.; Sugioka, T.; Uda, H.; Kuriki, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3842-3850. (e) Berova, N.; Gargiulo, D.; Nakanishi, K.; Harada, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4769-4775. (f) Gargiulo, D.; Cai, G.; Ikemoto, N.; Bozhkova, N.; Odingo, J.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 888-891. (g) Gargiulo, D.; Ikemoto, N.; Odingo, J.; Bozhkova, N.; Iwashita, T.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 3760-3767. (h) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Novkova, S.; Philipova, I.; Blagoev, B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7021-7022. (i) Matile, S.; Berova, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Fleischhauer, J.; Woody, R. W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5198-5206. (j) Rele, D.; Zhao, N.; Nakanishi, K.; Berova, N. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 2759-2776.
75. For recent examples of chirality recognition with chiral hosts, see: (a) Kaneda, T.; Hirose, K.; Misumi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 742-743. (b) Shinkai, S.; Nishi, T.; Matsuda, T. Chem. Lett. 1991, 437-440. (c) Ueno, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Nakamura, A.; Toda, F. Nature 1992, 356, 136-137. (d) James, T. D.; Harada, T.; Shinkai, S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 857-858. (e) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Iguchi, R.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8982-8987. (f) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Shinkai, S. Nature 1995, 374, 345-347. (g) James, T. D.; Kawabata, H.; Ludwig, R.; Murata, K.; Shinkai, S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 555-566.
76. For recent examples of chirality recognition with chiral hosts, see: (a) Kaneda, T.; Hirose, K.; Misumi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 742-743. (b) Shinkai, S.; Nishi, T.; Matsuda, T. Chem. Lett. 1991, 437-440. (c) Ueno, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Nakamura, A.; Toda, F. Nature 1992, 356, 136-137. (d) James, T. D.; Harada, T.; Shinkai, S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 857-858. (e) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Iguchi, R.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8982-8987. (f) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Shinkai, S. Nature 1995, 374, 345-347. (g) James, T. D.; Kawabata, H.; Ludwig, R.; Murata, K.; Shinkai, S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 555-566.
77. For recent examples of chirality recognition with chiral hosts, see: (a) Kaneda, T.; Hirose, K.; Misumi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 742-743. (b) Shinkai, S.; Nishi, T.; Matsuda, T. Chem. Lett. 1991, 437-440. (c) Ueno, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Nakamura, A.; Toda, F. Nature 1992, 356, 136-137. (d) James, T. D.; Harada, T.; Shinkai, S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 857-858. (e) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Iguchi, R.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8982-8987. (f) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Shinkai, S. Nature 1995, 374, 345-347. (g) James, T. D.; Kawabata, H.; Ludwig, R.; Murata, K.; Shinkai, S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 555-566.
78. For recent examples of chirality recognition with chiral hosts, see: (a) Kaneda, T.; Hirose, K.; Misumi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 742-743. (b) Shinkai, S.; Nishi, T.; Matsuda, T. Chem. Lett. 1991, 437-440. (c) Ueno, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Nakamura, A.; Toda, F. Nature 1992, 356, 136-137. (d) James, T. D.; Harada, T.; Shinkai, S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 857-858. (e) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Iguchi, R.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8982-8987. (f) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Shinkai, S. Nature 1995, 374, 345-347. (g) James, T. D.; Kawabata, H.; Ludwig, R.; Murata, K.; Shinkai, S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 555-566.
79. For recent examples of chirality recognition with chiral hosts, see: (a) Kaneda, T.; Hirose, K.; Misumi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 742-743. (b) Shinkai, S.; Nishi, T.; Matsuda, T. Chem. Lett. 1991, 437-440. (c) Ueno, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Nakamura, A.; Toda, F. Nature 1992, 356, 136-137. (d) James, T. D.; Harada, T.; Shinkai, S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 857-858. (e) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Iguchi, R.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8982-8987. (f) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Shinkai, S. Nature 1995, 374, 345-347. (g) James, T. D.; Kawabata, H.; Ludwig, R.; Murata, K.; Shinkai, S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 555-566.
80. For recent examples of chirality recognition with chiral hosts, see: (a) Kaneda, T.; Hirose, K.; Misumi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 742-743. (b) Shinkai, S.; Nishi, T.; Matsuda, T. Chem. Lett. 1991, 437-440. (c) Ueno, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Nakamura, A.; Toda, F. Nature 1992, 356, 136-137. (d) James, T. D.; Harada, T.; Shinkai, S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 857-858. (e) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Iguchi, R.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8982-8987. (f) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Shinkai, S. Nature 1995, 374, 345-347. (g) James, T. D.; Kawabata, H.; Ludwig, R.; Murata, K.; Shinkai, S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 555-566.
81. For recent examples of chirality recognition with chiral hosts, see: (a) Kaneda, T.; Hirose, K.; Misumi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 742-743. (b) Shinkai, S.; Nishi, T.; Matsuda, T. Chem. Lett. 1991, 437-440. (c) Ueno, A.; Kuwabara, T.; Nakamura, A.; Toda, F. Nature 1992, 356, 136-137. (d) James, T. D.; Harada, T.; Shinkai, S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 857-858. (e) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Iguchi, R.; Shinkai, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 8982-8987. (f) James, T. D.; Sandanayake, K. R. A. S.; Shinkai, S. Nature 1995, 374, 345-347. (g) James, T. D.; Kawabata, H.; Ludwig, R.; Murata, K.; Shinkai, S. Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 555-566.
82. Yashima, E; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11596-11597.
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93. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
94. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
95. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
96. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
97. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
98. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
99. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
100. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
101. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
102. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
103. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
104. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
105. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
106. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
107. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
108. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
109. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
110. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
111. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
112. For CD studies of a predominantly one-handed helix induction of polymers, see: (a) Green, M. M.; Andreola, C.; Munoz, B.; Reidy, M. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4063-4065. (b) Green, M. M.; Lifson, S.; Teramoto, A. Chirality 1991, 3, 285-291. (c) Green, M. M.; Khatri, C.; Peterson, N. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4941-4942. (d) Fujiki, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11976-11981. (e) Khatri, C. A.; Vaidya, M. M.; Levon, K.; Jha, S. K.; Green, M. M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4719-4728. For examples of CD studies on a one-handed helix formation of polypeptides, see: (f) Libman, J.; Tor, Y.; Shanzer, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5880-5881. (g) Ruan, F.; Chen, Y.; Hopkins, P. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 9403-9404. (h) Ghadiri, M. R.; Scares, C.; Choi, C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 825-831. (i) Wittung, P.; Nielsen, P. E.; Buchardt, O.; Egholm, M.; Nordén, B. Nature 1994, 368, 561-563. For CD studies of a chiral helix induction of small molecules, see ref 13. (j) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Gawronska, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2456-2461. (k) Lightner, D. A.; Gawronski, J. K.; Wijekoon, W. M. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6354-6362. (l) Zarges, W.; Hall, J.; Lehn, J.-M.; Bolm, C. Helv. Chim. Acta 1991, 74, 1843-1852. (m) Krämer, R.; Lehn, J.-M.; Cian, A. D.; Fischer, J. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1993, 32, 703-706. (n) Charbonniére, L. J.; Bemardinelli, G.; Piguet, C.; Sargeson, A. M.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1419-1420. (o) Charbonniére, L. J.; Gilet, M.-F.; Bernauer, K.; Williams, A. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 39-40. (p) Sánchez-Quesada, J.; Seel, C.; Prados, P.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 277-278. (q) Wood, C. R.; Benaglia, M.; Cozzi, F.; Siegel, J. S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1830-1833. For reviews of helical polymer syntheses, see: (r) Okamoto, Y.; Nakano, T. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 349-372. (s) Nolle, R. J. M. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 11-19. (t) Qin, M.; Bartus, J.; Vogl, O. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 387-402. (u) Patten, T. E.; Novak, B. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1906-1916.
113. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
114. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
115. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
116. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
117. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
118. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
119. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
120. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
121. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
122. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
123. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
124. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
125. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
126. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
127. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
128. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
129. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
130. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
131. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
132. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
133. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
134. For reviews of optical resolution based on an acid-base complexation, see: (a) Jacques, J.; Collet, A.; Wilen, S. H. Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1981. (b) Kinbara, K.; Hashimoto, Y.; Sukegawa, M.; Nohira, H.; Saigo, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3441-3449 and references cited therein. For reviews of chiral discrimination as chiral shift reagents based on an acid-base complexation, see: (c) Rinaldi, P. L. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 1982, 15, 291-352. (d) Weisman, G. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 8. (e) Fraser, R. R. Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1983; Chapter 9. (f) Parker, D. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1441-1457. For examples of chiral recognition based on an acid-base complexation in solution, see: (g) Arnet, E. M.; Zingg, S. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1221-1222. (h) Echavarren, A.; Galán, A.; Lehn, J.-M.; Mendoza, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4994-4995. (i) Garcia-Tellado, F.; Albert, J.; Hamilton, A. D. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1991, 1761-1763. (j) Montero, A. V.; Tomlinson, L.; Houk, K. N.; Diederich, F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 39, 5309-5312. (k) Alcazar, V.; Diederich, F. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 1521-1523. (l) Owens, L.; Thilgen, C; Diederich, F.; Knobler, C. B. Helv. Chim. Acta 1993, 76, 2757-2774. For reviews of an acid-base complexation in solution and/or in solid, see: (m) Wilcox, C. S. In Frontiers in Snpramolecular Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry; Schneider, H.-J., Dürr, H., Lehn, J.-M., Eds.; VCH: Weinheim, 1988; pp 123-143. (n) Rebek, J., Jr. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 399-404. (o) Zimmerman, S. C. Top. Curr. Chem. 1993, 165, 71-101. (p) MacDonald, J. C.; Whitesides, G. M. Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 2383-2420. (q) Kato, T.; Fréchet, J. M. J. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 311-326. (r) Paleos, C. M.; Tsiouvas, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1696-1711. (s) Desiraju, G. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2311-2327. (t) Seel, C.; Galán, A.; Mendoza, J. Top. Curr. Chem. 1995, 175, 101-132. (u) Schmidtchen, F. P.; Berger, M.; Metzger, A.; Gloe, K.; Stephan, H. In Molecular Design and Bioorganic Catalysis; Wilcox, C. S., Hamilton, A. D., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996; pp 191-210. (v) Collet, A.; Ziminski, L.; Garcia, C.; Vigné-Maeder, F. In Supramolecular Stereochemistry; Siegel, J. S., Ed.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1995; pp 90-110.
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137. For references of CD studies on other optically active polyacetylenes, see: (a) Ciardelli, F.; Lanzillo, S.; Pieroni, O. Macromolecules 1974, 2, 174-179. (b) Moore, J. S.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1704-1712. (c) Yamaguchi, M.; Omata, K.; Hirama, M. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2261-2262. (d) Aoki, T.; Kokai, M.; Shinohara, K.; Oikawa, E. Chem. Lett. 1993, 2009-2012. (e) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Okamoto, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1811-1812. (f) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4184-4193. (g) Kishimoto, Y.; Itou, M.; Miyatake, T.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Macromolecules 1995, 25, 6662-6666. Chiral butadiene derivatives with restricted rotation were successfully resolved into enantiomers by liquid chromatography with use of a chiral stationary phase, (h) Becher, G.; Mansschrech, A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 2365-2368.
138. For references of CD studies on other optically active polyacetylenes, see: (a) Ciardelli, F.; Lanzillo, S.; Pieroni, O. Macromolecules 1974, 2, 174-179. (b) Moore, J. S.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1704-1712. (c) Yamaguchi, M.; Omata, K.; Hirama, M. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2261-2262. (d) Aoki, T.; Kokai, M.; Shinohara, K.; Oikawa, E. Chem. Lett. 1993, 2009-2012. (e) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Okamoto, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1811-1812. (f) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4184-4193. (g) Kishimoto, Y.; Itou, M.; Miyatake, T.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Macromolecules 1995, 25, 6662-6666. Chiral butadiene derivatives with restricted rotation were successfully resolved into enantiomers by liquid chromatography with use of a chiral stationary phase, (h) Becher, G.; Mansschrech, A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 2365-2368.
139. For references of CD studies on other optically active polyacetylenes, see: (a) Ciardelli, F.; Lanzillo, S.; Pieroni, O. Macromolecules 1974, 2, 174-179. (b) Moore, J. S.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1704-1712. (c) Yamaguchi, M.; Omata, K.; Hirama, M. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2261-2262. (d) Aoki, T.; Kokai, M.; Shinohara, K.; Oikawa, E. Chem. Lett. 1993, 2009-2012. (e) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Okamoto, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1811-1812. (f) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4184-4193. (g) Kishimoto, Y.; Itou, M.; Miyatake, T.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Macromolecules 1995, 25, 6662-6666. Chiral butadiene derivatives with restricted rotation were successfully resolved into enantiomers by liquid chromatography with use of a chiral stationary phase, (h) Becher, G.; Mansschrech, A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 2365-2368.
140. For references of CD studies on other optically active polyacetylenes, see: (a) Ciardelli, F.; Lanzillo, S.; Pieroni, O. Macromolecules 1974, 2, 174-179. (b) Moore, J. S.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1704-1712. (c) Yamaguchi, M.; Omata, K.; Hirama, M. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2261-2262. (d) Aoki, T.; Kokai, M.; Shinohara, K.; Oikawa, E. Chem. Lett. 1993, 2009-2012. (e) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Okamoto, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1811-1812. (f) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4184-4193. (g) Kishimoto, Y.; Itou, M.; Miyatake, T.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Macromolecules 1995, 25, 6662-6666. Chiral butadiene derivatives with restricted rotation were successfully resolved into enantiomers by liquid chromatography with use of a chiral stationary phase, (h) Becher, G.; Mansschrech, A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 2365-2368.
141. For references of CD studies on other optically active polyacetylenes, see: (a) Ciardelli, F.; Lanzillo, S.; Pieroni, O. Macromolecules 1974, 2, 174-179. (b) Moore, J. S.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1704-1712. (c) Yamaguchi, M.; Omata, K.; Hirama, M. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2261-2262. (d) Aoki, T.; Kokai, M.; Shinohara, K.; Oikawa, E. Chem. Lett. 1993, 2009-2012. (e) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Okamoto, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1811-1812. (f) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4184-4193. (g) Kishimoto, Y.; Itou, M.; Miyatake, T.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Macromolecules 1995, 25, 6662-6666. Chiral butadiene derivatives with restricted rotation were successfully resolved into enantiomers by liquid chromatography with use of a chiral stationary phase, (h) Becher, G.; Mansschrech, A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 2365-2368.
142. For references of CD studies on other optically active polyacetylenes, see: (a) Ciardelli, F.; Lanzillo, S.; Pieroni, O. Macromolecules 1974, 2, 174-179. (b) Moore, J. S.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1704-1712. (c) Yamaguchi, M.; Omata, K.; Hirama, M. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2261-2262. (d) Aoki, T.; Kokai, M.; Shinohara, K.; Oikawa, E. Chem. Lett. 1993, 2009-2012. (e) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Okamoto, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1811-1812. (f) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4184-4193. (g) Kishimoto, Y.; Itou, M.; Miyatake, T.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Macromolecules 1995, 25, 6662-6666. Chiral butadiene derivatives with restricted rotation were successfully resolved into enantiomers by liquid chromatography with use of a chiral stationary phase, (h) Becher, G.; Mansschrech, A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 2365-2368.
143. For references of CD studies on other optically active polyacetylenes, see: (a) Ciardelli, F.; Lanzillo, S.; Pieroni, O. Macromolecules 1974, 2, 174-179. (b) Moore, J. S.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1704-1712. (c) Yamaguchi, M.; Omata, K.; Hirama, M. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2261-2262. (d) Aoki, T.; Kokai, M.; Shinohara, K.; Oikawa, E. Chem. Lett. 1993, 2009-2012. (e) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Okamoto, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1811-1812. (f) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4184-4193. (g) Kishimoto, Y.; Itou, M.; Miyatake, T.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Macromolecules 1995, 25, 6662-6666. Chiral butadiene derivatives with restricted rotation were successfully resolved into enantiomers by liquid chromatography with use of a chiral stationary phase, (h) Becher, G.; Mansschrech, A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 2365-2368.
144. For references of CD studies on other optically active polyacetylenes, see: (a) Ciardelli, F.; Lanzillo, S.; Pieroni, O. Macromolecules 1974, 2, 174-179. (b) Moore, J. S.; Gorman, C. B.; Grubbs, R. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1704-1712. (c) Yamaguchi, M.; Omata, K.; Hirama, M. Chem. Lett. 1992, 2261-2262. (d) Aoki, T.; Kokai, M.; Shinohara, K.; Oikawa, E. Chem. Lett. 1993, 2009-2012. (e) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Okamoto, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1811-1812. (f) Yashima, E.; Huang, S.; Matsushima, T.; Okamoto, Y. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4184-4193. (g) Kishimoto, Y.; Itou, M.; Miyatake, T.; Ikariya, T.; Noyori, R. Macromolecules 1995, 25, 6662-6666. Chiral butadiene derivatives with restricted rotation were successfully resolved into enantiomers by liquid chromatography with use of a chiral stationary phase, (h) Becher, G.; Mansschrech, A. Chem. Ber. 1981, 114, 2365-2368.
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154. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
155. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
156. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
157. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
158. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
159. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
160. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
161. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
162. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
163. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
164. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
165. For leading references of the nonlinear effect on asymmetric synthesis, see: (a) Puchot, C.; Samuel, O.; Dunach, E.; Zhao, S.; Agami, C.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2353-2357. (b) Oguni, N.; Matsuda, Y.; Kaneko, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7877-7878. (c) Noyori, R.; Kitamura, M. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 49-69. (d) Noyori, R. Asymmetric Catalysis in Organic Synthesis; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1994; pp 273-293. (e) Mikami, K.; Motoyama, Y.; Terada, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2812. (f) Guillaneux, D.; Zhao, S.-H.; Samuel, O.; Rainford, D.; Kagan, H. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 9430-9439. (g) Kitamura, M.; Suga, S.; Niwa, M.; Noyori, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4832-4842. For recent references of the nonlinear effect on helix-sense selective copolymerization, see: (h) Green, M. M.; Reidy, M. P.; Johnson, R. J.; Darling, G.; O'Leary, D. J.; Willson, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 6452-6454. (i) Okamoto, Y.; Nishikawa, M.; Nakano, T.; Yashima, E.; Hatada, K. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5135-5138. (j) Green, M. M.; Garetz, B. M.; Munoz, B.; Chang, H.; Hoke, S.; Cooks, R. G. J. Am. Chem, Soc. 1995, 117, 4181-4182. (k) Green, M. M.; Peterson, N. C.; Sato, T.; Teramoto, A.; Cook, R.; Lifson, S. Science 1995, 268, 1860-1866. (l) Fujiki, M. Polym. Prep. 1996, 37, 454-455.
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173. 17 we used a higher molecular weight poly-1 for ICD experiments. However, no significant changes in ICD spectra in the presence of optically active amines were observed.
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182. 32 and therefore, the effect of water on the ICD magnitude of the complexes of poly-1 with (S)-2 and (R)-18 was investigated on the basis of CD titrations. As seen in the supporting information, a very small amount of water (less than 2% by volume to DMSO) did not affect the magnitude of ICDs of the complexes, although the ICD signals of poly-1-(R)-18 complex decreased with an increase in the amount of water.
183. (a) Izutsu, K. Acid-Base Dissociation Constants in Dipolar Aprotic Solvents; Blackewll: Oxford, 1990. (b) Reichardt, C. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry; VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1990.
184. (a) Izutsu, K. Acid-Base Dissociation Constants in Dipolar Aprotic Solvents; Blackewll: Oxford, 1990. (b) Reichardt, C. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry; VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1990.
185. 17 very slightly changed upon addition of chiral amines. The dilution experiments of the complexes between poly-1 and (S)-2 or (R)-18 also support the equilibria; dilution of 'he complexes resulted in a nonlinear decrease in the ICD magnitude (see the Supporting Information).
186. 26k However, the persistence length of the poly-1 is very short, and a helix reversal of the poly-1 would appear on average every 2-4 monomer units on the basis of the copolymerization of optically active phenylacetylenes with achiral phenylacetylenes (see ref 240. Copolymers of a small amount of optically active phenylacetylene (ca. 10 mol %) with achiral phenylacetylene showed much weaker induced CD in the UV-visible region than the homopolymer, and copolymers of the optically active phenylacetylene (30 mol %) with an achiral phenylacetylene derivative bearing a bulky substituent at the para position showed an intense induced CD. These results clearly indicate that the chiral monomer units of the poly(phenylacetylenes) affect only neighboring monomer units to take the same helical conformation. The molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations also supported the above speculation. Consequently, we think that the poly(phenylacetylenes) are not completely the same as the polyisocyanates. However, as previously described, the poly-1 can be considered as the limitative analog of the polyisocyanates with a very short persistence length.
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222. The nonlinear effects are now frequently observed in asymmetric synthesis, and the origin of the nonlinear effects has been elucidated at a molecular level; see ref 26g. However, a very few examples have been reported on the nonlinear effect in polymer synthesis. See ref 26h-1 for examples.
223. Exactly, 30 and 31 are not enantiomers, but diastereomers, and therefore, de was used in Figure 9D.
224. 17 See Experimental Section in detail.
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