An anteroposterior dorsal gradient in the Drosophila embryo

Genes and Development

Volumn 11, Issue 15, 1997, Pages 1963-1973

  Huang, Audrey M ^b   Rusch, Jannette ^a,b   Levine, Michael ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

AP dorsal gradient; Dorsoventral patterning; Drosophila embryo; Gradient thresholds; Toll receptor

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DROSOPHILA; EMBRYO; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC ANALYSIS; MESODERM; NEUROECTODERM; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0030800352     PISSN: 08909369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/gad.11.15.1963     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Alberga, A., J.L. Boulay, E. Kempe, C. Dennefield, and M. Haenlin. 1991. The snail gene required for mesoderm formation in Drosophila is expressed dynamically in derivatives of all three germ layers. Development 111: 983-992.
2. Anderson, K.V., L. Bokla, and C. Nüsslein-Volhard. 1985. Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: The induction of polarity by the Toll gene product. Cell 42: 791-798.
3. Arnosti, D. N., S. Barolo, M. Levine, and S, Small. 1996. The eve stripe 2 enhancer employs multiple modes of transcriptional synergy. Development 122: 205-214.
4. Azpiazu, N. and M. Frasch. 1993. tinman and bagpipe: Two homeobox genes that determine cell fates in the dorsal mesoderm of Drosophila. Genes & Dev. 7: 1325-1340.
5. Belvin, M.P. and K.V. Anderson. 1996. A conserved signaling pathway: The Drosophila toll-dorsal pathway. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 12: 393-416.
6. Bergmann, A., D. Stein, R. Geisler, S. Hagenmaier, D. Schmid, N. Fernandez, B. Schnell, and C. Nüsslein-Volhard. 1996. A gradient of cytoplasmic Cactus degradation establishes the nuclear localization gradient of the dorsal morphogen in Drosophila. Mech. Dev. 60: 109-123.
7. Bier, E., L.Y. Jan, and Y.N. Jan. 1990. Rhomboid, a gene required for dorsoventral axis establishment and peripheral nervous system development in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes &. Dev. 4: 190-203.
8. Bodmer, R. 1994. The gene tinman is required for specification of the heart and visceral muscles in Drosophila. Development 118: 719-729.
9. Cai, H.N., D.N. Arnosti, and M. Levine. 1996. Long-range repression in the Drosophila embryo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93: 9309-9314.
10. Costa, M., E.T. Wilson, and E. Wieschaus. 1994. A putative cell signal encoded by the folded gastrulation gene coordinates cell shape changes during Drosophila gastrulation. Cell 76: 1075-1089.
11. Crews, S., R. Franks, S. Hu, B. Matthews, and J. Nambu. 1992. Drosophila single-minded gene and the molecular genetics of CNS midline. J. Exp. Zoo. 261: 234-244.
12. Davis, I. and D. Ish-Horowicz. 1991. Apical localization of pair-rule transcripts requires 3′ sequences and limits protein diffusion in the Drosophila blastoderm embryo. Cell 67: 927-940.
13. Dawson, S.R., D.L. Turner, H. Weintraub, and S.M. Parkhurst. 1995. Specificity for the hairy / enhancer of split basic helixloop-helix (bHLH) proteins maps outside the hHLH domain and suggests two separable modes of transcriptional repression. Mol Cell. Biol. 15: 6923-6931.
14. Ephrussi, A. and R. Lehmann. 1992. Induction of germ cell formation by oskar. Nature 358: 387-392.
15. Erdelyi, M. and J. Szabad. 1989. Isolation and characterization of dominant female sterile mutations of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Mutations on the third chromosome. Genetics 122: 111-127.
16. Fisher, A.L., S. Ohsako, and M. Caudy. 1996. The WRPW motif of the hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix repressor proteins acts as a 4-amino-acid transcription repression and protein-protein interaction domain. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 2670-2677.
17. Francois, V., M. Solloway, J.W. O'Neill, J. Emery, and E. Bier. 1994. Dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo depends on a putative negative growth factor encoded by the short gastrulation gene. Genes & Dev. 8: 2602-2616.
18. Frasch, M. T. Hoey, C. Rushlow, H. Doyle, and M. Levine. 1987. Characterization and localization of the even-skipped protein of Drosophila. EMBO J. 6: 749-759.
19. Gerttula, S., Y. Jin, and K.V. Anderson. 1988. Zygotic expression and activity of the Drosophila Toll gene, a gene required maternally for embryonic dorsal-ventral pattern formation. Genetics 119: 123-133.
20. Gonzalez-Crespo, S. and M. Levine. 1993. Interactions between dorsal and helix-loop-helix proteins initiate the differentiation of the embryonic mesoderm and neuroectoderm in Drosophila. Genes & Dev. 7: 1707-1713.
21. Gray, S., P. Szymanski, and M. Levine. 1994. Short-range repression permits multiple enhancers to function autonomously within a complex promoter. Genes & Dev. 8: 1829-1838.
22. Gray, S. and M. Levine. 1996a. Short-range transcriptional repressors mediate both quenching and direct repression within complex loci in Drosophila. Genes & Dev. 10: 700-710.
23. _. 1996b. Transcriptional repression in development. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8: 358-364.
24. Gurdon, J.B., P. Harger, A. Mitchell, and P. Lemaire. 1994. Activin signalling and response to a morphogen gradient. Nature 371: 487-492.
25. Hashimoto, C., S. Gerttula, and K.V. Anderson. 1991. Plasma membrane localization of the Toll protein in the syncytial Drosophila embryo: Importance of transmembrane signaling for dorsal-ventral pattern formation. Development 111: 1021-1028.
26. Holley, S.A., P.D. Jackson, Y. Sasai, E.M. De Robertis, F.M. Hoffman, and E.L. Ferguson. 1995. A conserved system for dorsal-ventral patterning in insects and vertebrates involving sog and chordin. Nature 376: 249-253.
27. Huang, J.D., D.H. Schwyter, J.M. Shirokawa, and A.J. Courey. 1993. The interplay between multiple enhancer and silencer elements defines the pattern of decapentaplegic expression. Genes & Dev. 7: 694-704.
28. Ip, Y.T., R.E. Park, D. Kosman, K. Yazdanbakhsh, and M. Levine. 1992a. Dorsal-twist interactions establish snail expression in the presumptive mesoderm of the Drosophila embryo. Genes & Dev. 6: 1518-1530.
29. Ip, Y.T., R.E. Park, D. Kosman, E. Bier, and M. Levine. 1992b. The dorsal gradient morphogen regulates stripes of rhomboid expression in the presumptive meuroectoderm of the Drosophila embryo. Genes & Dev. 6: 1728-1739.
30. Jiang, J. and M. Levine. 1993. Binding affinities and cooperative interactions with bHLH activators delimit threshold responses to the dorsal gradient morphogen. Cell 72: 741-752.
31. Jiang, J., D. Kosman, Y.T. Ip, and M. Levine. 1991. The dorsal morphogen gradient regulates the mesoderm determinant twist in early Drosophila embryos. Genes & Dev. 5: 1881-1891.
32. Jiang, J., H. Cai, Q. Zhou, and M. Levine. 1993. Conversion of a dorsal-dependent silencer into an enhancer: Evidence for dorsal corepressors. EMBO J. 12: 3201-3209.
33. Jones, C.M., N. Armes, and J.C. Smith. 1996. Signalling by TGF-beta family members: Short-range effects of Xnr-2 and BMP-4 contrast with the long-range effects of activin. Curr. Biol. 6: 1468-1475.
34. Kasai, Y., J.R. Nambu, P.M. Lieberman, and S.T. Crews. 1992. Dorsal-ventral patterning in Drosophila: DNA binding of snail protein to the single-minded gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 89: 3414-3418.
35. Konrad, K.D., T.J. Goralski, and A.P. Mahowald. 1988. Developmental genetics of the gastrulation defective locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev. Biol. 127: 133-142.
36. Kosman, D., Y.T. Ip, M. Levine, and K. Arora. 1991. Establishment of the mesoderm-neuroectoderm boundary in the Drosophila embryo. Science 254: 118-122.
37. Lecuit, T., W.J. Brook, M. Ng, M. Calleja, H. Sun, and S.M. Cohen. 1996. Two distinct mechanisms for long-range patterning by Decapentaplegic in the Drosophila wing. Nature 381: 387-393.
38. Lehming, N., D. Thanos, J.M. Brickman, J. Ma, T. Maniatis, and M. Ptashne. 1994. An HMG-like protein that can switch a transcriptional activator to a repressor. Nature 371: 175-179.
39. Leptin, M. 1991. Twist and snail as positive and negative regulators during Drosophila mesoderm development. Genes & Dev. 5: 1568-1576.
40. Macdonald, P.M. and G. Struhl. 1988. Cis-acting sequences responsible for anterior localization of bicoid mRNA in Drosophila embryos. Nature 336: 595-598.
41. Martin-Bermudo, M.D., A. Carmena, and F. Jimenez. 1995. Neurogenic genes control gene expression at the transcriptional level in early neurogenesis and in mesectoderm specification. Development 121: 219-224.
42. Morisato, D. and K.V. Anderson. 1994. The spatzle gene encodes a component of the extracellular signaling pathway establishing the dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo. Cell 76: 677-688.
43. Nellen, D., R. Burke, G. Struhl, and K. Basler. 1996. Direct and long-range action of a DPP morphogen gradient. Cell 85: 357-368.
44. Neumann, C.J. and S.M. Cohen. 1997. Long-range action of Wingless organizes the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila wing. Development 124: 871-880.
45. Norris, J.L. and J.L. Manley. 1992. Selective nuclar transport of the Drosophila morphogen dorsal can be established by a signaling pathway involving the transmembrane protein Toll and protein kinase A. Genes & Dev. 6: 1654-1667.
46. Pan, D.J., J.D. Huang, and A.J. Courey. 1991. Functional analysis of the Drosophila twist promoter reveals a dorsal-binding ventral activator region. Genes & Dev. 5: 1892-1901.
47. Paroush, Z., R.L. Finley, T. Kidd, S.M. Wainwright, P.W. Ingham, R. Brent, and D. Ish-Horowicz. 1994. Groucho is required for Drosophila neurogenesis, segmentation, and sex determination and interacts directly with hairy-related bHLH proteins. Cell 79: 805-815.
48. Pignoni, F., R.M. Baldarelli, E. Steingrimsson, R.J. Diaz, A. Pata-poutian, J.R. Merriam, and J.A. Lengyel. 1990. The Drosophila gene tailless is expressed at the embryonic termini and is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Cell 62: 151-163.
49. Reach, M., R.L. Galindo, P. Towb, J.L. Allen, M. Karin, and S.A. Wasserman. 1996. A gradient of cactus protein degradation establishes dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Dev. Biol. 180: 353-364.
50. Roth, S. 1993. Mechanisms of dorsal-ventral axis determination in Drosophila embryos revealed by cytoplasmic transplantations. Development 117: 1385-1396.
51. Roth, S., D. Stein, and C. Nüsslein-Volhard. 1989. A gradient of nuclear localization of the dorsal protein determines dorsoventral pattern in the Drosophila embryo. Cell 59: 1189-1202.
52. Rusch, J. and M. Levine. 1994. Regulation of the dorsal morphogen by the Toll and torso signaling pathways: A receptor tyrosine kinase selectively masks transcriptional repression. Genes & Dev. 8: 1247-1257.
53. _. 1996. Threshold responses to the dorsal regulatory gradient and the subdivision of primary tissue territories in the Drosophila embryo. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 6: 416-423.
54. _. 1997. Regulation of a dpp target gene in the Drosophila embryo. Development 124: 303-311.
55. Rushlow, C.A., K. Han, J.L. Manley, and M. Levine. 1989. The graded distribution of the dorsal morphogen is initiated by selective nuclear transport in Drosophila. Cell 59: 1165-1177.
56. Sauer, F., D.A. Wasserman, G.M. Rubin, and R. Tjian. 1996. TAF(II)s mediate activation of transcription in the Drosophila embryo. Cell 87: 1271-1284.
57. Schneider, D.S., K.L. Hudson, T.-Y. Lin, and K.V. Anderson. 1991. Dominant and recessive mutations define functional domains of Toll, a transmembrane protein required for dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Genes & Dev. 5: 797-807.
58. Schneider, D.S., Y. Jin, D. Morisato, and K.V. Anderson. 1994. A processed form of spatzle protein defines dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Development 120: 1243-1250.
59. Shelton, C.A. and S.A. Wasserman. 1993. pelle encodes a protein kinase required to establish dorsoventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Cell 72: 515-525.
60. Singer, M.A., A. Penton, V. Twombly, F.M. Hoffman, and W.M. Gelbart. 1997. Signaling through both type I DPP receptors is required for anterior-posterior patterning of the entire Drosophila wing. Development 124: 79-89.
61. Stein, D. and C. Nüsslein-Volhard. 1992. Multiple extracellular activities in Drosophila egg perivitelline fluid are required for establishment of embryonic dorsal-ventral polarity. Cell 68: 429-440.
62. Steward, R. 1989. Relocalization of the dorsal protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus correlates with its function. Cell 59: 1179-1188.
63. Steward, R. and S. Govind. 1993. Dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo. Curr. Opin. Gen. Dev. 3: 556-561.
64. Szymanski, P. and M. Levine. 1995. Multiple modes of dorsal-bHLH transcriptional synergy in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J. 14: 2229-2238.
65. Tautz, D. and C. Pfeifle. 1989. A non-radioactive in situ hybridization method for the localization of specific RNAs in Drosophila embryos reveals translational control of the segmentation gene hunchback. Chromosoma 98: 81-85.
66. Thisse, C., F. Perrin-Schmitt, C. Stoetzel, and B. Thisse. 1991. Sequence-specific transactivation of the Drosophila twist gene by the dorsal gene product. Cell 65: 1191-1201.
67. Wasserman, S.A. 1993. A conserved signal transduction pathway regulating the activity of the rel-like proteins dorsal and NF-kappa B. Mol. Biol. Cell 4: 767-771.
68. Wolpert, L. 1996. One hundred years of positional information. Trends Genet. 12: 359-364.
69. Xiao, H. and J.T. Lis. 1989. Heat shock and developmental regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp83 gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9: 1746-1753.
70. Zecca, M., K. Basler, and G. Struhl. 1996. Direct and long-range action of a wingless morphogen gradient. Cell 87: 833-844.