Cardiotrophin-1 and the role of gp130-dependent signaling pathways in cardiac growth and development

Journal of Molecular Medicine

Volumn 75, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 492-501

  Wollert, Kai C ^a   Chien, Kenneth R ^b,c  

^a HANNOVER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiac development; Cardiac hypertrophy; Cardiotrophin 1; Embryonic stem cells; Interleukin 6 cytokine family

Indexed keywords

INOTROPIC AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 6;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; CELL PROLIFERATION; EMBRYO; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GROWTH REGULATION; HEART DEVELOPMENT; HEART MUSCLE CELL; HEART VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; MOLECULAR CLONING; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SARCOMERE; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, CD; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR GP130; CYTOKINES; HEART; HUMANS; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS; MYOCARDIUM; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0030787929     PISSN: 09462716     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s001090050134     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. 1A-adrenergic receptor subtype mediates biochemical, molecular, and morphologic features of cultured myocardial cell hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 268:15374-15380
2. Shubeita HE, McDonough PM, Harris AN, Knowlton KU, Glembotski CC, Brown JH, Chien KR (1990) Endothelin induction of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, sarcomere assembly, and cardiac gene expression in ventricular myocytes. A paracrine mechanism for myocardial cell hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 265: 20555-20562
3. Sadoshima J, Izumo S (1993) Molecular characterization of angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and hyperplasia of cardiac fibroblasts. Critical role of the AT1 receptor subtype. Circ Res 73:413-423
4. Parker TG, Packer SE, Schneider MD (1990) Peptide growth factors can provoke fetal contractile protein gene expression in rat cardiac myocytes. J Clin Invest 85:507-514
5. Ito H, Hiroe M, Hirata Y, Tsujino M, Adachi S, Schichiri M, Koike A, Nogami A, Marumo F (1993) Insulin-like growth factor-I induces hypertrophy with enhanced expression of muscle specific genes in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Circulation 87:1715-1721
6. Thaik CM, Calderone A, Takahashi N, Colucci WS (1995) Interleukin-1β modulates the growth and phenotype of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. J Clin Invest 96:1093-1099
7. 1B-adrenergic receptor in transgenic mice induces cardiac hypertrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10109-10113
8. Hunter JJ, Tanaka N, Rockman HA, Ross J, Chien KR (1995) Ventricular expression of a MEC-2v-ras fusion gene induces cardiac hypertrophy and selective diastolic dysfunction in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 270:23173-23178
9. Sadoshima J, Izumo S (1993) Mechanical stretch rapidly activates multiple signal transduction pathways in cardiac myocytes: potential involvement of an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. EMBO J 12:1681-1692
10. Sen S, Kundu G, Mekhail N, Castel J, Misono K, Healy B (1990) Myotrophin: purification of a novel peptide from spontaneously hypertensive rat heart that influences myocardial growth. J Biol Chem 265:16635-16643
11. Evans MJ, Kaufman MH (1981) Establishment in culture of pluripotent cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292:154-156
12. Martin GR (1981) Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:7634-7638
13. Weiss MJ, Orkin SH (1996) In vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. New approaches to old problems. J Clin Invest 97:591-595
14. Robbins J, Gulick J, Sanchez A, Howles P, Doetschman T (1990) Mouse embryonic stem cells express the cardiac myosin heavy chain genes during development in vitro. J Biol Chem 265:11905-11909
15. Sanchez A, Jones WK, Gulik J, Doetschman T, Robbins J (1991) Myosin heavy chain gene expression in mouse embryoid bodies. J Biol Chem 266:22419-22426
16. Miller-Hance WC, LaCorbiere M, Fuller SJ, Evans SM, Lyons G, Schmidt C, Robbins J, Chien KR (1993) In vitro chamber specification during embryonic stem cell cardiogenesis. Expression of the ventricular myosin light chain-2 gene is independent of heart tube formation. J Biol Chem 268: 25244-25252
17. Pennica D, King KL, Shaw KJ, Luis E, Rullamas J, Luoh SM, Darbonne WC, Knutzon DS, Yen R, Chien KR, Baker JB, Wood WI (1995) Expression cloning of cardiotrophin 1, a cytokine that induces cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:1142-1146
18. Ishikawa M, Saito Y, Miyamoto Y, Kuwahara K, Ogawa E, Nakagawa O, Harada M, Masuda I, Nakao K (1996) cDNA cloning of rat cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1): augmented expression of CT-1 gene in ventricle of genetically hypertensive rats. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 219:377-381
19. Pennica D, Swanson TA, Shaw KJ, Kuang WJ, Gray C, Beatty BG, Wood WI (1996) Human cardiotrophin-1 protein and gene structure, biological and binding activities, and chromosomal localization. Cytokine 8:183-189
20. Rose TM, Bruce AG (1991) Oncostatin M is a member of a cytokine family that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:8641-8645
21. Robinson RC, Grey LM, Staunton D, Vankelecom H, Vernallis AB, Moreau JF, Stuart DI, Heath JK, Jones EY (1994) The crystal structure and biological function of leukemia inhibitory factor: implications for receptor binding. Cell 77:1101-1116
22. Hirano T, Yasukawa K, Harada H, Taga T, Watanabe Y, Matsuda T, Kashiwamura SI, Nakajima K, Koyama K, Iwamatsu A, Tsunasawa S, Sakiyama F, Matsui H, Takahara Y, Taniguchi T, Kishimoto T (1986) Complementary DNA for a novel human interleukin (BSF-2) that induces B lymphocytes to produce immunoglobulin. Nature 324:73-76
23. Paul SR, Bennett F, Calvetti JA, Kelleher K, Wood CR, O'Hara RM, Leary AC, Sibley B, Clark SC, Williams DA, Yang YC (1990) Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding interleukin 11, a stromal cell-derived lymphopoietic and hematopoietic cytokine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:7512-7516
24. Gearing DP, Gough NM, King JA, Hilton DJ, Nicola NA, Simpson RJ, Nice EC, Kelso A, Metcalf D (1987) Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a murine myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). EMBO J 6:3995-4002
25. Lin LFH, Mismer D, Lile JD, Armes LG, Butler ET, Vannice JL, Collins F (1989) Purification, cloning, and expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Science 246:1023-1025
26. Stöckli KA, Lottspeich F, Sendtner M, Masiakowski P, Carroll P, Götz R, Lindholm D, Thoenen H (1989) Molecular cloning, expression and regional distribution of rat ciliary neurotrophic factor. Nature 342:920-923
27. Malik N, Kallestad JC, Gunderson NL, Austin SD, Neubauer MG, Ochs V, Marquardt H, Zarling JM, Shoyab M, Wei CM, Linsley PS, Rose TM (1989) Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and functional expression of a novel growth regulator, oncostatin M. Mol Cell Biol 9:2847-2853
28. Kishimoto T, Akira S, Narazaki M, Taga T (1995) Interleukin6 family of cytokines and gp130. Blood 86:1243-1254
29. Hibi M, Murakami M, Saito M, Hirano T, Taga T, Kishimoto T (1990) Molecular cloning and expression of an IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. Cell 63:1149-1157
30. Ip NY, Nye SH, Boulton TG, Davis S, Taga T, Li Y, Birren SJ, Yasukawa K, Kishimoto T, Anderson DJ, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD (1992) CNTF and LIF act on neuronal cells via shared signaling pathways that involve the IL-6 signal transducing receptor component gp130. Cell 69:1121-1132
31. Taga T, Narazaki M, Yasukawa K, Saito T, Miki D, Hamaguchi M, Davis S, Shoyab M, Yancopoulos GD, Kishimoto T (1992) Functional inhibition of hematopoietic and neurotrophic cytokines by blocking the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:10998-11001
32. Yin T, Taga T, Tsang MLS, Yasukawa K, Kishimoto T, Yang YC (1993) Involvement of IL-6 signal transducer gp130 in IL-11-mediated signal transduction. J Immunol 151:2555-2561
33. Murakami M, Hibi M, Nakagawa N, Nakagawa T, Yasukawa K, Yamanishi K, Taga T, Kishimoto T (1993) IL-6-induced homodimerization of gp130 and associated activation of a tyrosine kinase. Science 260: 1808-1810
34. Hilton DJ, Hilton AA, Raicevic A, Rakar S, Harrison-Smith M, Gough NM, Begley CG, Metcalf D, Nicola NA, Willson TA (1994) Cloning of a murine IL-11 receptor α-chain; requirement for gp130 for high affinity binding and signal transduction. EMBO J 13:4765-4775
35. Gearing DP, Thut CJ, VandenBos T, Gimpel SD, Delaney PB, King J, Price V, Cosman D, Beckmann MP (1991) Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor is structurally related to the IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. EMBO J 10:2839-2848
36. Gearing DP, Comeau MR, Friend DJ, Gimpel SD, Thut CJ, McGourty J, Brasher KK, King JA, Gillis S, Mosley B, Ziegler SF, Cosman D (1992) The IL-6 signal transducer, gp130: an oncostatin M receptor and affinity converter for the LIF receptor. Science 255:1434-1437
37. Davis S, Aldrich TH, Stahl N, Pan L, Taga T, Kishimoto T, Ip NY, Yancopoulos GD (1993) LIFRβ and gp130 as heterodimerizing signal transducers of the tripartite CNTF receptor. Science 260:1805-1808
38. Gearing DP, Ziegler SF, Comeau MR, Friend D, Thoma B, Cosman D, Park L, Mosley B (1994) Proliferative responses and binding properties of hematopoietic cells transfected with low-affinity receptors for leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:1119-1123
39. Baumann H, Ziegler SF, Mosley B, Morella KK, Pajovic S, Gearing DP (1993) Reconstitution of the response to leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, and ciliary neurotrophic factor in hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem 268:8414-8417
40. Liu J, Modrell B, Aruffo A, Marken JS, Taga T, Yasukawa K, Murakami M, Kishimoto T, Shoyab M (1992) Interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130 mediates oncostatin M signaling. J Biol Chem 267:16763-16766
41. Thoma B, Bird TA, Friend DJ, Gearing DP, Dower SK (1994) Oncostatin M and leukemia inhibitory factor trigger overlapping and different signals through partially shared receptor complexes. J Biol Chem 269:6215-6222
42. Yamasaki K, Taga T, Hirata Y, Yawata H, Kawanishi Y, Seed B, Taniguchi T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T (1988) Cloning and expression of the human interleukin-6 (BSF-2/IFNβ 2) receptor. Science 241:825-828
43. Davis S, Aldrich TH, Valenzuela DM, Wong V, Furth ME, Squinto SP, Yancopoulos GD (1991) The receptor for ciliary neurotrophic factor. Science 253:59-63
44. Taga T, Hibi M, Hirata Y, Yamasaki K, Yasukawa K, Matsuda T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T (1989) Interleukin-6 triggers the association of its receptor with a possible signal transducer, gp130. Cell 58:573-581
45. Ip NY, McClain J, Barrezueta NX, Aldrich TH, Pan L, Li Y, Wiegand SJ, Friedman B, Davis S, Yancopoulos GD (1993) The a component of the CNTF receptor is required for signaling and defines potential CNTF targets in the adult and during development. Neuron 10:89-102
46. Wollert KC, Taga T, Saito M, Narazaki M, Kishimoto T, Glembotski CC, Vernallis AB, Heath JK, Pennica D, Wood WI, Chien KR (1996) Cardiotrophin-1 activates a distinct form of cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy. Assembly of sarcomeric units in series via gp130/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor-dependent pathways. J Biol Chem 271:9535-9545
47. Pennica D, Shaw KJ, Swanson TA, Moore MW, Shelton DL, Zioncheck KA, Rosenthal A, Taga T, Paoni NF, Wood WI (1995) Cardiotrophin-1. Biological activities and binding to the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor/gp130 signaling complex. J Biol Chem 270:10915-10922
48. Pennica D, Arce V, Swanson TA, Vejsada R, Pollock RA, Armanini M, Dudley K, Phillips HS, Rosenthal A, Kato AC, Henderson CE (1996) Cardiotrophin-1, a cytokine present in embryonic muscle, supports long-term survival of spinal motoneurons. Neuron 17:63-74
49. Robledo O, Fourcin M, Chevalier S, Guillet C, Auguste P, Pouplard-Barthelaix A, Pennica D, Gascan H (1997) Signaling of the cardiotrophin-1 receptor. Evidence for a third receptor component. J Biol Chem 272:4855-4863
50. Narazaki M, Witthuhn BA, Yoshida K, Silvennoinen O, Yasukawa K, Ihle JN, Kishimoto T, Taga T (1994) Activation of JAK2 kinase mediated by the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:2285-2289
51. Lütticken C, Wegenka UM, Yuan J, Buschmann J, Schindler C, Ziemiecki A, Harpur AG, Wilks AF, Yasukawa K, Taga T, Kishimoto T, Barbieri G, Pellegrini S, Sendtner M, Heinrich PC, Horn F (1994) Association of transcription factor APRF and protein kinase Jakl with the interleukin-6 signal transducer gp130. Science 263:89-92
52. Stahl N, Boulton TG, Farruggella T, Ip NY, Davis S, Witthuhn BA, Quelle FW, Silvennoinen O, Barbieri G, Pellegrini S, Ihle JN, Yancopoulos GD (1994) Association and activation of JakTyk kinases by CNTF-EIF-OSM-IE-6 β receptor components. Science 263:92-95
53. Zhong Z, Wen Z, Darnell JE (1994) Stat3: a STAT family member activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor and interleukin-6. Science 264:95-98
54. Guschin D, Rogers N, Briscoe J, Witthuhn B, Watling D, Horn F, Pellegrini S, Yasukawa K, Heinrich P, Stark GR, Ihle JN, Kerr IM (1995) A major role for the protein tyrosine kinase JAK1 in the JAK/STAT signal transduction pathway in response to interleukin-6. EMBO J 14:1421-1429
55. Gerhartz C, Heesel B, Sasse J, Hemmann U, Landgraf C, Schneider-Mergener J, Horn F, Heinrich PC, Graeve L (1996) Differential activation of acute phase response factor/STAT3 and STAT1 via the cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp!30. J Biol Chem 271:12991-12998
56. Dile JN (1996) STATs: signal transducers and activators of transcription. Cell 84:331-334
57. Ernst M, Gearing DP, Dünn AR (1994) Functional and biochemical association of Hck with the LIF/IE-6 receptor signal transducing subunit gp130 in embryonic stem cells. EMBO J 13:1574-1584
58. Matsuda T, Takahashi-Tezuka M, Fukada T, Okuyama Y, Fujitani Y Tsukada S, Mano H, Hirai H, Witte ON, Hirano T (1995) Association and activation of Btk and Tec tyrosine kinases by gp130, a signal transducer of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines. Blood 85:627-633
59. Matsuda T, Fukada T, Takahashi-Tezuka M, Okuyama Y, Fujitani Y, Hanazono Y, Hirai H, Hirano T (1995) Activation of Fes tyrosine kinase by gp130, an interleukin-6 family cytokine signal transducer, and their association. J Biol Chem 270: 11037-11039
60. Daeipour M, Kumar G, Amaral MC, Nel AE (1993) Recombinant IL-6 activates p42 and p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases in the IL-6 responsive B cell line, AF10. J Immunol 150: 4743-4753
61. Boulton TG, Stahl N, Yancopoulos GD (1994) Ciliary neurotrophic factor/leukemia inhibitory factor/interleukin 6/oncostatin M family of cytokines induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a common set of proteins overlapping those induced by other cytokines and growth factors. J Biol Chem 269:11648-11655
62. Nakafuku M, Satoh T, Kaziro Y (1992) Differentiation factors, including nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin-6, induce an accumulation of an active ras-GTP complex in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. J Biol Chem 267: 19448-19454
63. Kumar G, Gupta S, Wang S, Nel AE (1994) Involvement of janus kinases, p52shc, Raf-1, and MEK-1 in the IL-6-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade of a growth-responsive B cell line. J Immunol 153:4436-4447
64. Kunisada K, Hirota H, Fujio Y, Matsui H, Tani Y, YamauchiTakihara K, Kishimoto T (1996) Activation of JAK-STAT and MAP kinases by leukemia inhibitory factor through gp130 in cardiac myocytes. Circulation 94:2626-2632
65. Kodama H, Pan J, Makino S, Baba A, Hori S, Fukuda K (1996) Leukemia inhibitory factor, a potent cardiac hypertrophie cytokine, activates JAK/STAT pathway in cardiac myocytes. Circulation 94 [Suppl 1]:I-406 (abstract)
66. Schieffer B, Wollert KC, Drexler H (1996) Interleukin-6 cytokine family signals to the nucleus via tyrosine phosphorylation of gp130 and JAK-STAT in cardiac myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation 94 [Suppl 1]:I-470 (abstract)
67. Sheng Z, Knowlton K, Chen J, Hoshijima M, Brown JH, Chien KR (1997) Cardiotrophin-1 inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis via a MAP kinase dependent pathway: divergence from downstream CT-1 signals for myocardial cell hypertrophy. J Biol Chem 272:5783-5791
68. Fujio Y, Kunisada K, Hirota H, Matsui H, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Kishimoto T (1996) Activation of gp130 induces Bcl-xL in cardiac myocytes. Circulation 94 [Suppl 1]:I-281 (abstract)
69. Peters M, Roeb E, Pennica D, Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH, Rose-John S (1995) A new hepatocyte stimulating factor: cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1). FEBS Letters 372:177-180
70. Cullinan EB, Abbondanzo SJ, Anderson PS, Pollard JW, Lessey B A, Stewart CE (1996) Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and LIF receptor expression in human endometrium suggests a potential autocrine/paracrine function in regulating embryo implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:3115-3120
71. Bhatt H, Brunet LJ, Stewart CL (1991) Uterine expression of leukemia inhibitory factor coincides with the onset of blastocyst implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:11408-11412
72. Robertson M, Chambers I, Rathjen P, Nichols J, Smith A (1993) Expression of alternative forms of differentiation inhibiting activity (DIA/LIF) during murine embryogenesis and in neonatal and adult tissues. Dev Genetics 14:165-173
73. Stewart CL, Kaspar P, Brunet LJ, Bhatt H, Gadi I, Königen F, Abbondanzo SJ (1992) Blaslocyst implanlalion depends on maternal expression of leukemia inhibitory factor. Nature 359: 76-79
74. Escary JL, Perreau J, Duménil D, Ezine S, Brûlel P (1993) Leukemia inhibitory factor is necessary for maintenance of haemalopoielic stem cells and thymocyte stimulation. Nature 363:361-364
75. Masu Y, Wolf E, Holtmann B, Sendtner M, Brem G, Thoenen H (1993) Disruption of the CNTF gene results in motor neuron degeneration. Nature 365:27-32
76. DeChiara TM, Vejsada R, Poueymirou WT, Acheson A, Suri C, Conover JC, Friedman B, McClain J, Pan L, Stahl N, Ip NY, Kato A, Yancopoulos GD (1995) Mice lacking the CNTF receptor, unlike mice lacking CNTF, exhibit profound motor neuron deficits at birth. Cell 83:313-322
77. Olson EN, Srivastava D (1996) Molecular pathways controlling heart development Science 272:671-676
78. Rossant J (1996) Mouse mutants and cardiac development New molecular insights into cardiogenesis. Circ Res 78: 349-353
79. Yoshida K, Taga T, Saito M, Suematsu S, Kumanogoh A, Tanaka T, Fujiwara H, Hirata M, Yamagami T, Nakahata T, Hirabayashi T, Yoneda Y, Tanaka K, Wang WZ, Mori C, Shiota K, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T (1996) Targeted disruption of gp130, a common signal transducer for the interleukin 6 family of cytokines, leads to myocardial and hematological disorders. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 93:407-411
80. Chen Z, Friedrich GA, Soriano P (1994) Transcriptional enhancer factor I disruption by a retroviral gene trap leads to heart defects and embronic lethality in mice. Genes Dev 8: 2293-2301
81. Moens CB, Stanton BR, Parada LF, Rossant J (1993) Defects in heart and lung development in heterozygotes for two different targeted mutations at the N-myc locus. Development 119: 485-499
82. Sucov HM, Dyson E, Gumeringer CL, Price J, Chien KR, Evans RM (1994) RXRα mutant mice establish a genetic basis for vitamin A signaling in heart morphogenesis. Genes Dev 8: 1007-1018
83. Kastner P, Grondona JM, Mark M, Gansmuller A, LeMeur M, Decimo D, Vonesch JL, Dolle P, Chambon P (1994) Genetic analysis of RXRα developmental function. Convergence of RXR and RAR signaling pathways in heart and eye morphogenesis. Cell 78:987-1003
84. Dyson E, Sukov HM, Kubalak SW, Schmid-Schonbein GW, DeLano F, Evans RM, Ross J, Chien KR (1995) Atrial-like phenotype is associated with embryonic ventricular failure in RXR-/- mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7386-7390
85. Sheng Z, Pennica D, Wood WI, Chien KR (1996) Cardiotrophin-1 displays early expression in the murine heart tube and promotes cardiac myocyte survival. Development 122:419-428
86. Kopf M, Baumann H, Freer G, Freudenberg M, Larners M, Kishimoto T, Zinkernagel R, Bluethmann H, Köhler G (1994) Impaired immune and acute-phase responses in interleukin-6-deficient mice. Nature 368:339-342
87. Ware BW, Horowitz MC, Renshaw BR, Hunt JS, Liggitt D, Koblar SA, Gliniak BC, McKenna HJ, Papayannopoulou T, Thoma B, Cheng L, Donovan PJ, Peschon JJ, Bartlett PF, Willis CR, Wright BD, Carpenter MK, Davison BL, Gearing DP (1995) Targeted disruption of the low-affinity leukemia inhibitory factor receptor causes placental, skeletal, neural and metabolic defects and results in perinatal death. Development 121: 1283-1299
88. Hirota H, Yoshida K, Kishimoto T, Taga T (1995) Continuous activation of gp130, a signal-transducing receptor component for interleukin 6-related cytokines, causes myocardial hypertrophy in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:4862-4866
89. Anversa P, Ricci R, Olivetti G (1986) Quantitative structural analysis of the myocardium during physiologic growth and induced cardiac hypertrophy: a review. J Am Coll Cardiol 7: 1140-1149
90. Knowlton KU, Baracchini E, Ross RS, Harris AN, Henderson SA, Evans SM, Glembotski CC, Chien KR (1991) Co-regulation of the atrial natriuretic factor and cardiac myosin light chain-2 genes during α-adrenergic stimulation of neonatal rat ventricular cells. Identification of cis sequences within an embryonic and a constitutive contractile protein gene which mediate inducible expression. J Biol Chem 266: 7759-7768
91. Knowlton KU, Rockman HA, Itani M, Vovan A, Seidman CE, Chien KR (1995) Divergent pathways mediate the induction of ANF transgenes in neonatal and hypertrophic ventricular myocardium. J Clin Invest 96:1311-1318
92. Saito M, Yoshida K, Hibi M, Taga T, Kishimoto T (1992) Molecular cloning of a murine IL-6 receptor-associated signal transducer, gp130, and its regulated expression in vivo. J Immunol 148:4066-4071
93. Yamauchi-Takihara K, Ihara Y, Ogata A, Yoshizaki K, Azuma J, Kishimoto T (1995) Hypoxic stress induces cardiac myocyte-derived interleukin-6. Circulation 91:1520-1524
94. Finkel MS, Oddis CV, Jacob TD, Watkins SC, Hattler BG, Simmons RL (1992) Negative inotropic effects of cytokines on the heart mediated by nitric oxide. Science 257:387-389
95. i and cell contraction in cultured chick ventricular myocytes. Circ Res 75:285-295
96. Torre-Amione G, Kapadia S, Benedict C, Oral H, Young JB, Mann DL (1996) Proinflammatory cytokine levels in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction: a report from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). J Am Coll Cardiol 27:1201-1206
97. Ikeda U, Ohkawa F, Seino Y, Yamamoto K, Hidaka Y, Kasahara T, Kawai T, Shimada K (1992) Serum interleukin 6 levels become elevated in acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 24:579-584
98. Finkel MS, Huffman RA, Shen L, Oddis CV, Simmons RL, Hattler BG (1993) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a mediator of stunned myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol 71:1231-1232