Breast cancer therapies in development. A review of their pharmacology and clinical potential

Drugs

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 385-413

  De Valeriola, Dominique ^a   Awada, Ahmad ^a   Roy, Josée Anne ^a   Di Leo, Angelo ^a   Biganzoli, Laura ^a   Piccart, Martine ^a  

^a JULES BORDET INSTITUTE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIESTROGEN; ANTIGESTAGEN; ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; DOCETAXEL; NAVELBINE; PACLITAXEL; SOMATOSTATIN DERIVATIVE;

BREAST CANCER; BREAST METASTASIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER HORMONE THERAPY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; REVIEW;

EID: 0030766288     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199754030-00003     Document Type: Review

References (247)

1. Potier P. The synthesis of navelbine, prototype of a new series of vinblastine derivatives. Semin Oncol 1989; 16: 2-4
2. Rowinsky EK, Donehower RC. Cancer chemotherapy and biotherapy: principles and practice. 2nd ed. In: Chabner BA, Lungo DL, editors. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven Publishers. 1996: 264-96
3. Jehl F, Quoix H, Leveque D, et al. Pharmacokinetic and preliminary metabolic fate of navelbine in humans as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 2073-6
4. Robieux I, Sorio R, Vitali V, et al. Pharmacokinetics of vinorelbine in breast cancer patients with liver metastases [abstract no. 1473]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14: 458
5. Weber BL, Vogel C, Jones S, et al. Intravenous vinorelbine as first-line and second-line therapy in advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2722-30
6. Fumoleau P, Delgado FM, Delozier T, et al. Phase II trial of weekly intravenous vinorelbine in first-line advanced breast cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 1245-52
7. Romero A, Rabinovich MG, Vallejo CT, et al. Vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 336-41
8. Gasparini G, Caffo O, Barni S, et al. Vinorelbine is an active antiproliferative agent in pretreated advanced breast cancer patients: a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 2094-101
9. Degardin M, Bonneterre J, Hecquet B, et al. Vinorelbine (Navelbine) as a salvage treatment for advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 1994; 5: 423-6
10. Jones S, Winer E, Vogel C, et al. Randomised comparison of vinorelbine and melphalan in anthracyclines-refractory advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2567-74
11. Havlin K, Lucas S, Guaspari A, et al. Phase I/II study of daily × 3 navelbine with an attempt at dose-escalation with filgrastim in metastatic breast cancer [abstract no. 154]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 122
12. Ranuzzi M, Nistico C, Garufi C et al. Vinorelbine in weekly schedule with G-CSF in patients with advanced breast cancer [abstract no. 166]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 125
13. Rowinsky EK, Noe DA, Trump DL, et al. Pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and feasibility study of oral vinorelbine in patients with solid tumours. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 1754-63
14. Zhou XJ, Boré P, Monjanel S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Navelbine after oral administration in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1991; 29: 66-70
15. Spielmann M, Dorval T, Turpuin F, et al. Phase II trial of vinorelbine/doxorubicin as first-line therapy of advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 1764-70
16. Norris B, Pritchard K, James K, et al. A phase III comparative study of vinorelbine combined with doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone in metastatic/recurrent breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute of Canada study [abstract no. 59]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 98
17. Blomqvist C, Hietanen P, Teerenhovi L, et al. Vinorelbine and epirubicin in metastatic breast cancer: a dose-finding study. Eur J Cancer 1995; 31A: 2406-8
18. Colleoni M, Nelli P, Gaion F, et al. Mitoxantrone, fluorouracil plus L-leucovorin, and vinorelbine in pretreated advanced breast cancer. Oncology 1995; 52: 435-8
19. Fumoleau P, Delecroix V, Perrocheau G, et al. Docetaxel in combination with vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer: final results [abstract no. 232]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 142
20. Weiselberg L, Budman DR, O'Mara SM, et al. Phase I trial of sequential vinorelbine-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer: early evidence of tolerability and efficacy [abstract no. 54]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 97
21. Vici P, Di Lauro L, Carpano S, et al. Vinorelbine and mitomycin C in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer. Oncology 1996; 53: 16-8
22. Iaffaioli RV, Tortoriello A, Facchini G, et al. A phase II study of carboplatin and vinorelbine as second-line treatment for advanced breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1995; 72: 1256-8
23. Cany L, Toulouse C, Ravaud A, et al. Vinorelbine/5-FU combination in metastatic breast cancer chemotherapy: a retrospective study of 63 cases. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A: 371-2
24. Capri G, Tarenzi E, Fulfaro F, et al. The role of taxanes in the treatment of breast cancer. Semin Oncol 1996; 23 Suppl. 2: 68-75
25. Rowinsky EK, Donchower RC. Paclitaxel (Taxol). N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1004-14
26. Piccart MJ. Taxoid compounds in breast cancer: current status and future prospects. In: Muggia FM, editor. Concepts, mechanisms and new targets for chemotherapy. Boston (MA): Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995: 185-207
27. Piccart MJ. Docetaxel: a new defence in the management of breast cancer. Anticancer Drugs 1995; 6 Suppl. 4: 7-11
28. Kearns CM, Gianni L, Egorin MJ. Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Semin Oncol 1995; 22 Suppl. 6: 16-23
29. Fulton B, Spencer CM. Docetaxel: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of metastatic breast cancer. Drugs 1996; 51: 1075-92
30. Arbuck SG. Paclitaxel: what schedule? what dose? J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 233-6
31. Wilson WH, Berg S, Kang YK, et al. Phase I/II study of taxol 96-hour infusion in refractory lymphoma and breast cancer: pharmacodynamics and analysis of multi-drug resistance (mdr-1) [abstract no. 335]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1993; 12: 134
32. Spriggs DR, Tondini C. Taxol administered as a 120 hour infusion. Invest New Drugs 1992; 10: 275-8
33. Schiller SH, Storer B, Tutsh K, et al. Phase I trial of 3-hour infusion of paclitaxel with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patient with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 241-8
34. Breier S, Lebedinsky C, Pelayes L, et al. Preliminary analysis of weekly paclitaxel (P) in previously treated patients (pts) with metastatic disease [abstract no. 382]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 182
35. Alvarez A, Mickiewicz E, Piris N, et al. Weekly taxol high dose intensity (DI) treatment: phase II study [abstract no. 383]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 183
36. Seidman AD, Hochhauser D, Gollub M, et al. Ninety-six-hour paclitaxel infusion after progression during short taxane exposure: a phase II pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1877-84
37. Tolcher AW, Cowan KH, Solomon D, et al. Phase I crossover study of paclitaxel with r-verapamil in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1173-84
38. Valero V, Burris III HA, Jones SE, et al. Multicenter pilot study of taxotere in taxol-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC) [abstract no. 95]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 107
39. Gianni L, Munzone E, Capri G, et al. Paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer: a trial of two doses by 3-hour infusion in patients with disease recurrence after prior therapy with anthracyclines. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 1169-75
40. Holmes FA, Valero V, Walters RS, et al. The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience with taxol in metastatic breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 15: 161-9
41. Buzdar AU, Holmes FA, Hortobagyi GN. Paclitaxel in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience. Semin Oncol 1995; 22 Suppl. 6: 101-4
42. Fisherman JS, Cowan KH, Noone M, et al. Phase I/II study of 72-hour infusional paclitaxel and doxorubicin with granulo- cyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 774-82
43. Sledge GW, Robert N, Sparano A, et al. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group studies of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer. Semin Oncol 1995; 22 Suppl. 6: 105-8
44. Gianni L, Munzone E, Capri G, et al. Paclitaxel by 3-hour infusion in combination with bolus doxorubicin in women with untreated metastatic breast cancer: high antitumor efficacy and cardiac effects in a dose-finding and sequence-finding study. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2688-99
45. Dombernowsky P, Gehl J, Jensen TP, et al. Paclitaxel and doxorubicin, a highly active combination in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Semin Oncol 1996; 23 Suppl. 1: 13-8
46. Bourgeois H, Gruia G, Dieras V, et al. Docetaxel (D) in combination with doxorubicin (Dx) as 1st line CT of metastatic breast cancer (MBC): a phase I dose finding study [abstract no. 259]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 148
47. Catimel G, Speilmann M, Dieras V, et al. Phase I study of paclitaxel and epirubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a preliminary report on safety. Semin Oncol 1996; 23 (1 Suppl. 1): 24-7
48. Conte PF, Michelotti A, Baldini E, et al. Activity and safety of epirubicin plus paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer. Semin Oncol 1996; 23 (1 Suppl. 1): 28-32
49. Luck H-J, Thomssen C, duBois A, et al. Interim analysis of a phase II study of epirubicin and paclitaxel as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Semin Oncol 1996; 23 (1 Suppl. 1): 33-6
50. Holmes FA, Madden T, Newman RA, et al. Sequence-dependent alteration of doxorubicin pharmacokinetics by paclitaxel in a phase I study of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 2713-21
51. Sessa C, Pagani O, Parma G, et al. Dose-finding studs of paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide in patients with advanced breast cancer. Semin Oncol 1995; 2 Suppl. 6: 112-7
52. Kennedy MJ, Zahurak ML, Donehower RC, et al. Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequences of paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide supported by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in women with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 783-91
53. Tolcher AW, Cowan KH, Noone MH, et al. Phase I study of paclitaxel in combination with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in metastatic breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 95-102
54. Tolcher AW. Paclitaxel couplets with cyclophosphamide or cisplatin in metastatic breast cancer. Semin Oncol 1996; 23 Suppl. 1: 37-43
55. Wasserheit C, Frazein A, Oratz R, et al. Phase II trial of paclitaxel and cisplatin in women with advanced breast cancer: an active regimen with limiting neurotoxicity. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1993-9
56. Gelmon KA, O'Reilly SE, Tolcher AW, et al. Phase I/II trial of biweekly paclitaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1185-91
57. Ibrahim N, Hortobagyi GN, Valero V, et al. Phase I study of vinorelbine (Navelbine) and paclitaxel by simultaneous 3-hour infusion for untreated metastatic breast cancer [abstract no. 1443]. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1995; 36: 242
58. Hortobagyi GN, Ibrahim N. Paclitaxel-containing combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. Semin Oncol 1996; 23 Suppl. 1: 53-7
59. Klassen U, Wilke H, Philippou Pari C, et al. Phase I/II study with paclitaxel in combination with weekly high-dose 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: an interim analysis. Semin Oncol 1995; 22 Suppl. 6: 7-11
60. Fumoleau P, Delecroix V, Perrocheau G, et al. Final results of a phase I dose finding and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of docetaxel in combination with vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer [abstract no. 606P]. Ann Oncol 1996; 7 Suppl. 5: 126
61. Piccart MJ, Di Leo A, Awada A, et al. Docetaxel in the treatment of breast cancer: current status, ongoing trials and future directions. In: Calvo F, Crépin M, Magdelenot H, editors. Breast cancer: advances in biology and therapeutics. London: John Libbey Eurotext Limited, 1996: 257-64
62. de Valeriola D, Brassinne C, Kerger J, et al. Clinical and pharmacokinetic phase I study of docetaxel (TXT) combined to continuous infusion (CI) of 5-fluorouracil (FU) in advanced cancer patients [abstract no. 774]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997; 16: 221A
63. Schellens JHM, Ma J, Bruno R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin and taxotere (docetaxel) and WBC DNA-adduct formation of cisplatin in the sequence taxotere/cisplatin and cisplatin/taxotere in a phase I/II study in solid tumor patients [abstract no. 323]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13: 132
64. de Arruda M, Cocchiaro CA, Nelson CM, et al. LU103793 (NSCD-669356): a synthetic peptide that interacts with microtubules and inhibits mitosis. Cancer Res 1995; 55 (14): 3085-92
65. Mross K, Herbst K, Berdel W, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study with a cytotoxic peptide LU 103793 administered as IV bolus injection [abstract no. 349]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 12-15: Amsterdam, 100
66. Mross K, Fiebig HH, Berdel W, et al. Clinical and pharmacokinetic phase I study with LU 103793 administered as 24-hour infusion [abstract no. 153]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996: 482
67. Villalona-Calero M, Von Hoff D, Eckhardt G, et al. Phase I study and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of LU103793, a water soluble analog of dolastatin-15, on a daily × 5 schedule [abstract no. 784]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997; 16: 223A
68. Wolff I, Bruntsch U, Cavalli F, et al. Phase I clinical study of LU103793 (cemadolin) given on a weekly (wkly) × 4 schedule [abstract no. 783]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997; 16: 223A
69. Touroutoglou N, Pazdur R. Thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2: 227-43
70. Jackman AL, Calvert AH. Folate-based thymidylate synthase inhibitors as anticancer drugs. Ann Oncol 1995; 6: 871-81
71. Jackman AL, Kelland LR, Kimbell R, et al. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to the quinazoline thymidylate synthase inhibitor, ZD1694 (Tomudex) in one mouse and three human cell lines. Br J Cancer 1995; 71: 914-24
72. Clarke SJ, Hanwell J, De Boer M, et al. Phase I trial of ZD1694, a new folate-based thymidylate synthase inhibitor, in patients with solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1495-503
73. Smith I, Jones A, Spielmann M, et al. A phase II study in advanced breast cancer: ZD1694 (Tomudex) a novel direct and specific thymidylate synthase inhibitor. Br J Cancer 1996; 74: 479-81
74. Rinaldi DA, Burris HA, Dorr HA, et al. Initial phase I evaluation of the novel thymidylate synthase inhibitor, LY231514, using the modified continual reassessment method for dose escalation. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2842-50
75. Rafi I, Boddy AV, Taylor GA, et al. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies of the non-classical thymid- ylate synthase (TS) inhibitor AG337 given as a 5-day iv infusion [abstract no. 294]. Proceeding of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1946 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam
76. Clendeninn NJ, Johnston A. Phase II trials of Thymitaq (AG337) in six solid tumor diseases [abstract no. 296]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on new drugs in cancer therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam
77. Abbruzzese JL, Grunewald R, Weeks EA, et al. A phase I clinical, plasma and cellular pharmacology study of gemcitabine. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 1535-40
78. Allerheiligen S, Johnston R, Hatcher B, et al. Gemcitabine pharmacokinetics are influenced by gender, body surface area and duration of infusion [abstract no. 339]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13: 136
79. Carmichael J, Possinger K, Philip P, et al. Advanced breast cancer: a phase II trial with gemcitabine. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2731-6
80. Blackstein M, Vogel CL, Ambinder R, et al. Phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer [abstract no. 135]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 117
81. Grunewald R, Akrivakis K, Mergenthaler HG, et al. Phase I study of gemcitabine and epirubicin for metastatic breast cancer [abstract no. 241]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 144
82. Perez-Manga G, Lluch A, Garcia-Conde J, et al. Preliminary results from an early phase II study of gemcitabine in combination with doxorubicin in advanced breast cancer [abstract no. 106P]. Ann Oncol 1996; 7 Suppl. 5: 24
83. Rothenberg ML, Eckardt JR, Stephens J, et al. A phase I trial of gemcitabine and paclitaxel administered on an every other week schedule [abstract no. 319]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam, 92
84. Sirotnak EM, Degraw JI, Schmid FA, et al. New folate analogs of the 10-deaza-aminopterin series: further evidence for markedly increased antitumor efficacy compared with methotrexate in ascitic and solid murine tumor models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1984; 12: 26-30
85. Kris MG, Kinahan JJ, Gralla RJ, et al. Phase I trial and clinical pharmacologic evaluation of 10-ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin in adult patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 5573-9
86. Schornagel JH, Van der Vegt S, Verweij J, et al. Phase II study of edatrexate in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 1992; 3: 549-52
87. Vandenberg TA, Pritchard KI, Eisenhauer EA, et al. Phase II study of weekly edatrexate as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: a National Cancer Institute of Canada trials group study. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 1241-4
88. Fennelly D, Gilewski T, Hudis C, et al. Phase I trial of sequential edatrexate followed by paclitaxel: a design based on in vitro (IV) synergy in patients with advanced breast cancer [abstract no. 105]. Pro Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14: 101
89. Hughes M, Planting A, Twelves C, et al. A phase II study of intermittent twice daily oral therapy with capecitabine in patients with advanced and/or metastatic solid cancer [abstract no. 297]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar12-15: Amsterdam
90. Hsiang Y-H, Liu L-F. Identification of mammalian topoisomerase I as an intracellular target of the anticancer drug camptothecin. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 1722-6
91. Takinolo CH, Arbuck SG. The camptothecins. In: Chabner BA, Longo DL, editors. Cancer chemotherapy and biotherapy: principles and practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1996: 463-84
92. Wani MC, Ronman PE, Lindley JT, et al. Plant antitumor agents; 18, Synthesis and biological activity of camptothecin analogues. J Med Chem 1980; 23: 554-60
93. One Y, Sasaki Y, Shinkai T, et al. Phase I study and pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 with 5-day continuous infusion. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992; 84 (12): 972-4
94. Rowinsky EK, Grochow LB, Ettinger DS, et al. Phase I and pharmacological study of the novel topoisomerase I inhibitor 7-ethyl-10-(4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino) carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11) administered as a ninety-minute infusion every 3 weeks. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 427-36
95. Rothenberg ML, Kuhn JG, Burris HA, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of weekly CPT-11. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11 (11): 2194-204
96. De Forni M, Bugat R, Chabot GG, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the camptothecin derivative irinotecan, administered on a weekly schedule in cancer patients. Cancer Res 1994; 54 (16): 4347-54
97. Masuda N, Fukuoka M, Kudoh S, et al. Phase I study of irinotecan and cisplatin with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 90-6
98. Gupta E, Lestingi TM, Mick R, et al. Metabolic fate of irinotecan in humans: correlation of glucuronidation with diarrhea. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 3723-5
99. Bonneterre J, Pion JM, Ademis A, et al. A phase II study of a new camptothecin analogue CPT-11 in previously treated advanced breast cancer patients [abstract no. 179]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1993; 12: 94
100. Taguchi T, Tominaga T, Ogawa A, et al. A late phase II study of CPT-11 (irinotecan) in advanced breast cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1994; 21: 1017-24
101. Sirott MM, Saltz L, Young C, et al. Phase I and clinical pharmacologic study of intravenous topotecan [abstract no. 284]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1991; 10: 104
102. Hoechster H, Liebes L, Speyer J, et al. Phase I trial of low-dose continuous topotecan infusion in patients with cancer: an active and well-tolerated regimen. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 553-9
103. Slichenmyer W, Chen TL, Donehower R, et al. Clinical pharmacology of topotecan in cancer patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction [abstract no. 363]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13: 142
104. Stewart CF, Baker SD, Heideman RL, et al. Clinical pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion topotecan in children: systemic exposure predicts hematologic toxicity. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12: 1946-54
105. Grochow LB, Rowinsky EK, Johnson R, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of topotecan in patients with advanced cancer. Drug Metab Dispos 1992; 20 (5): 706-13
106. Rowinsky EK, Grochow LB, Hendricks CB, et al. Phase I and pharmacologic study of topotecan: a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10 (4): 647-56
107. Haas NB, LaCreta FP, Walczak J, et al. Phase I/pharmacokinetic study of topotecan by 24-hour continuous infusion weekly. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 1220-6
108. Chang AY, Garrow G, Boros L, et al. Clinical and laboratory studies of topotecan in breast cancer [abstract no. 118]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14: 105
109. Creemers GJ, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH, et al. Bioavailability of oral topotecan, a new topoisomerase I inhibitor [abstract no. 324]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13: 132
110. Dahut W, Harold N, Takimoto C, et al. Phase I and pharmacologic study of 9-aminocamptothecin given by 72-hour infusion in adult cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1236-44
111. Rubin E, Wood V, Bharti A, et al. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of new camptothecin derivative, 9-aminocamptothecin. Clin Cancer Res 1995; 1: 269-76
112. Verschraegen CF, Natelson E, Giovanella B, et al. Phase I study of oral 9-nitrocamptothecin (9NC) [abstract no. 1532]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 482
113. Hortobagyi GN. Overview of new treatments for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1992; 21: 3-13
114. Allen TM, Hansen C, Martin F, et al. Liposomes containing synthetic lipid derivatives of poly (ethylene glycol) show prolonged circulation half-lives in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1066: 29-36
115. Papahadjopoulous D, Allen TN, Gabizon A, et al. Sterically stabilized liposomes: improvement in pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 11460-4
116. Gabizon A, Catane R, Uziely B, et al. Prolonged circulation time and enhanced accumulation in malignant exudates of doxorubicin encapsulated in polyethylene-glycol coated liposomes. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 987-92
117. Gabizon A. Selective tumor localization and improved therapeutic index of anthracyclines encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 891-6
118. Simpson JK, Miller RF, Spittle MF. Liposomal doxorubicin for treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 1993; 5: 372-3
119. Northfelt D, Martin FJ, Kaplan LD, et al. Pharmacokinectics (PK), tumor localization (TL) and safety of Doxil® (liposomal doxorubicin) in AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) [abstract no. 8]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1993; 12: 51
120. Uziely B, Jeffers S, Isacson R, et al. Liposomal doxorubicin: antitumor activity and unique toxicities during two complementary phase 1 studies. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 1777-85
121. Ranson M, O'Byrne K, Carmichael J, et al. Phase II dose-finding trial of DOX-SL (Stealth liposomal doxorubicin HCL) in the treatment of advanced breast cancer [abstract no. 161]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 124
122. Fagan MA, Hacker MP, Newman RA, et al. Cardiotoxic potential of substituted anthra [1,9-cd] pyrazole-6-(2H) ones (anthrapyrazoles) as assessed by the fetal mouse heart organ culture [abstract no. 1196]. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1984; 25: 302
123. Foster BJ, Graham MA, Newel DR, et al. Phase I study of the anthrapyrazole CI-941 with pharmacokinetically guided dose escalation [abstract no. 243]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1988; 7: 64
124. Talbot DC, Smith IE, Mansi JL, et al. Anthrapyrazole CI 941: a highly active new agent in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9: 2141-7
125. Calvert H, Smith I, Jones A, et al. Phase II study of losoxantrone in previously treated and untreated patients with advanced breast cancer [abstract no. 86]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13: 71
126. Kraynak MA, Cobb PW, Rodriguez G, et al. Phase I trial of losoxantrone in combination with paclitaxel in patients with refractory malignancies [abstract no. 320]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam
127. D'Incalci M, Broggini M, Damia G, et al. The mechanism of action of minor groove binders [abstract]. Proceedings of the EORTC Early Drug Development meeting; 21-24 June 1995, Corfu: 23
128. Wolff I, Beijnen J, Bench V, et al. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of Carzelesin (U 80-244) given on a daily × 5 schedule [abstract no. 350]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam, 100
129. Punt CJA, Awada A, Janssens A, et al. Carzelesin (U-80,244): toxicity patterns and pharmacokinetic data of two phase I studies [abstract no. 61]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam, 30
130. Muthè G, Kidani Y, Sekiguchi M, et al. Oxaliplatin, a third generation platinum complex: an experimental and clinical appraisal comparison with cis-platinum and carboplatinum. Biomed Pharmacother 1989; 43: 237-50
131. Garufi C, Nisticö C, Brienza S, et al. Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) activity in anthracycline (ANT)-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients [abstract no. 595]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1997; 16: 170A
132. Henderson BE, Berstein L. Endogenous and exogenous hormonal factors in disease of the breast. In: Harris JR, Lippman MG, Morrow M, et al., editors. Diseases of the breast. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1996: 185-200
133. Hoffken K. Experience with aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 1993; 19: 37-44
134. Howell A, Downey S, Anderson E. New endocrine therapies for breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A (4): 576-88
135. Goss PE, Gwyn KMEH. Current perspectives on aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12(11): 2460-70
136. Dowsett M, Smithers D, Moore J, et al. Endocrine changes with the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1994; 30A (10): 1453-8
137. Raats JI, Falkson G, Falkson HC. A study of fadrozole, a new aromatase inhibitor, in postmenopausal women with advanced metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10 (1): 111-6
138. Bonnefoi HR, Smith IE, Dowsett M, et al. Therapeutic effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride in advanced breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 539-42
139. Thürlimann B, Beretta K, Bacchi M, et al. First line fadrozole HCI (CGS 16949A) versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 1996; 7: 471-9
140. Falkson CI, Falkson HC. A randomised study of CGS 16949A (fadrozole) versus tamoxifen in previously untreated postmenopausal patients wild metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 1996; 7: 465-9
141. Buzdar AU, Smith R, Vogel C, et al. Fadrozole HCL (CGS-16949A) versus megestrol acetate treatment of postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer 1996; 77: 2503-13
142. Miller AA, Lipton A, Henderson IC, et al. Fadrozole hydrochloride in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer 1996; 78 (4): 789-93
143. Dowsett M. Aromatase inhibition: basic concepts, and the pharmacodynamics of formestane. Ann Oncol 1994; 5 Suppl. 7: S3-S5
144. Wiseman LR, McTavish D. Formestane: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in the management of breast cancer and prostatic cancer. Drugs 1993; 45 (1): 66-84
145. Zilembo N, Noberasco C, Bajetta H, et al. Endocrinological and clinical evaluation of exemestane, a new steroidal aromatase inhibitor. Br J Cancer 1995; 72: 1007-12
146. Schulz J, Fox K, Conner G, et al. A phase II study of rogletimide (ROG) in females with advanced/metastatic breast cancer (A/M BrCa) [abstract no. 73]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14: 93
147. Harnett AN, Canney P, Coombes RC, et al. A randomised phase II trial of rogletimide in heavily pretreated breast cancer patients [absract no. 388]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14: 176
148. Iveston TJ, Smith IE, Ahern J, et al. Phase I study of the oral non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor CGS 20267 in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 266-70
149. Zilembo N, Di Leo A, Bajetta E, et al. Two different letrozole doses in the treatment of postmenopausal advanced breast cancer [abstract no. 105]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 110
150. Goss PE, Clark RM, Ambus U, et al. Phase II study of vorozole (R83842), a new aromatase inhibitor, in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer in progression on tamoxifen. Clin Cancer Res 1995; 1: 287-94
151. Vinholes J, Paridaens R, Piccart MJ, et al. An EORTC breast group phase II study of vorozole (R83842), a new aromatase inhibitor in advanced breast cancer (ABC) [abstract no. 223]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13: 105
152. Bajetta E, Zilembo N, Noberasco C, et al. Antitumor activity of two doses of formestane as first line treatment of advanced breast cancer (ABC) [abstract no. 106]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 110
153. Thürlimann B, Paridaens R, Roche H, et al. Exemestane in postmenopausal pretreated advanced breast cancer: a multicenter phase II study in patients with aminoglutethamide (AG) failure [abstract no. P144]. Ann Oncol 1994; 5 Suppl. 8: 29
154. Dombernowsky P, Smith I, Falkson G, et al. Double-blind trial in postmenopausal (PMP) women with advanced breast cancer (ABC) showing a dose-effect and superiority of 2.5 mg letrozole over megestrol acetate (MA) [abstract no. 64]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 100
155. Jonat W, Howell A, Blomqvist C, et al. A randomised trial comparing two doses of the new selective aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (arimidex) with megestrol acetate in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A (3): 404-12
156. Buzdar A, Jonat W, Howell A, et al. Anastrozole, a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of overview analysis of two phase III trials. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14 (7): 2000-11
157. Carrion RP, Candel VA, Calabresi P, et al. Comparison of the selective aromatase inhibitor formestane with tamoxifen as first-line hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 1994; 5 Suppl. 7: S19-S24
158. Gale KE, Andersen JW, Tormey DC, et al. Hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase III trial comparing aminoglutethimide to tamoxifen. Cancer 1994; 73: 354-61
159. Smith IE, Harris AL, Morgan M, et al. Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide in advanced breast carcinoma: a randomised cross-over trial. BMJ 1981; 283: 1432-4
160. Castiglione-Gertsch M. New aromatase inhibitors: more selectivity, less toxicity, unfortunately, the same activity. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A: 393-5
161. Cocconi G. New generation of aromatase inhibitors: prospects of a major advantage for the patients. Ann Oncol 1996; 7: 433-7
162. Fornander T, Rutqvist LE, Cedermark B, et al. Adjuvant tamoxifen in early breast cancer: occurrence of new primary cancers. Lancet 1989; 1: 117-20
163. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Redmond CK, et al. Endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-14. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86: 527-37
164. Rutqvist LE, Johansson H, Signomklao T, et al. Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for early stage breast cancer and second primary malignancies. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 645-51
165. Berry M, Metzger D, Chambon P, et al. Role of the two activating domains on the oestrogen receptor in the cell-type and promoter-context dependent agonist activity of the antioestrogen 4-hydroxy tamoxifen. EMBO J 1990; 9: 2811-8
166. Hard GC, Iatropoulos MJ, Jordan K, et al. Major difference in the hepatocarcinogenicity and DNA adduct forming ability between toremifene and tamoxifen in female Crl: CD(BR) rats. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 4534-41
167. Styles JA, Duvies A, Lim CK, et al. Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis 1994; 15 (1): 5-9
168. Wiebe VJ, Benz CC, Shemano I. Pharmacokinetics of toremifene and its metabolites in patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1990; 25: 247-51
169. Vogel CL, Shemano I, Schoenfelder J. Multicenter phase II efficacy trial of toremifene in tamoxifen-refractory patients with advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11 (2): 345-50
170. Jonsson PE, Malmberg M, Bergljung L, et al. Phase II study of high dose toremifene in advanced breast cancer progressing during tamoxifene treatment. Anticancer Res 1991; 11: 873-6
171. Pyrhönen S, Valavaara R, Vuorinen J. High dose toremifene in advanced breast cancer resistant to or relapsed during tamoxifen treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 29: 223-8
172. Hayes DF, Van Zyl JA, Hacking A, et al. Randomised comparison of tamoxifen and two separate doses of toremifene in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13 (10): 2556-66
173. Coombes RC, Haynes BP, Dowsett M, et al. Idoxifene: report of a phase I study in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 1070-4
174. Rauschning W, Pritchard KL. Droloxifene, a new antiestrogen: its role in metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1994; 31: 83-94
175. Löser R, Seibel K, Huber HJ, et al. Pharmacological activities of droloxifene isomers. Anticancer Res 1988; 8 (6): 1271-4
176. Grill HJ, Follow K. Pharmacokinetics of droloxifene and its metabolites in breast cancer patients. Am J Clin Oncol 1991; 14 Suppl. 2: S21-S29
177. Lien EA, Solheim E, Leo OA, et al. Distribution of 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen and other tamoxifen metabolites in human biological fluids during tamoxifen treatment. Cancer Res 1989; 49 (8): 2175-83
178. Black LJ, Jones CD, Falcone JF. Antagonism of estrogen action with a new benzothiophene derived antiestrogen. Life Sci 1983; 32: 1031-6
179. Gottaris MM, Jordan VC. Antitumor actions of keoxifene and tamoxifen in the N-nitrosomethylurca-induced rat mammary carcinoma model. Cancer Res 1987; 47: 4020-4
180. Draper MW, Flowers DE, Huster WJ, et al. A controlled trial of raloxifene (LY139481) HCl: impact on bone turnover and serum lipid profile in healthy postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11 (6): 835-42
181. Fawell SE, White R, Hoare S, et al. Inhibition of oestrogen receptor-DNA binding by the 'pure' antioestrogen ICI 164,384 appears to be mediated by impaired receptor dimerization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 6883-7
182. Wakeling AE, Dukes M, Bowler J. A potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potential. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 3867-73
183. Coopman P, Garcia M, Brünner N, et al. Anti-proliferative and anti-estrogenic effects of ICI 164,384 and ICI 182,780 in 4-OH-tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 1994; 56: 295-300
184. Thomas EJ, Wallon PL, Thomas NM, et al The effects of ICI 182780, a pure antioestrogen, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and on endometrial proliferation in premenopausal women. Hum Reprod 1994; 9: 1991-6
185. Howell A, DeFriend D, Robertson J, et al. Response to a specific antioestrogen (ICI182780) in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Lancet 1995; 345 (8941): 29-30
186. Bardon S, Vignon F, Chaldos D, et al. R438486, a progestin and glucocorticoid antagonist, inhibits the growth of breast cancer via the progesterone receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60: 692-7
187. Eisenhauer EA, Pritchard KI, Perrault D, et al. Phase II study of mifepristone (RU486) in previously untreated patients (PTS) with metastatic breast cancer (BC): a trial of the NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) [abstract no. 154]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14: 49
188. Romieu G, Maudelonde T, Ulmann A, et al. The antiprogestin RU486 in advanced breast cancer: preliminary clinical trial. Bull Cancer 1987; 74: 455-60
189. Klijn JGM, de Jong FH, Bakker GH, et al. Antiprogestins, a new form of endocrine therapy for human breast cancer. Cancer Res 1989; 49: 2851-6
190. Swain SM. Endocrine therapies of cancer. In: Chabner BA, Longo DL, editors. Cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 2nd edition. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1996: 59-108
191. Folkman J. Clinical applications of research on angiogenesis. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1757-63
192. Brown PD and Giavazzi R. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition: a review of anti-tumor activity. Ann Oncol 1995; 6: 967-74
193. Wojtowicz-Praga S, Low J, Dickson R. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of marimastat (BB-2516), a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor administered orally to patients with metlaslatic lung cancer [abstract no. 1565]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 490
194. Eckhardt SG, Burris HA, Eckhardt JR, et al. A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of the angiogenesis inhibitor, tecogalan sodium. Ann Oncol 1996; 7: 491-6
195. Kundu N, Beaty TL, Jackson MJ, et al. Antimetastatic and antitumor activities of interleukin 10 in a murine model of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 536-41
196. Baselga J, Tripathy D, Mendelsohn J, et al. Phase II study of weekly intravenous recombinant humanized anti-p185 HER2 monoclonal antibody in patients with HER2/neu-over-expressing metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 737-44
197. Valone FH, Kaufman PA, Guyre PM, et al. Phase 1a/1b trial of bispecific antibody MDX-210 in patients with advanced breast or ovarian cancer that overexpresses the proto-oncogen HER2/neu. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2281-92
198. Wakeling AE, Barker AJ, Davies DH, et al. Specific inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase by 4-anilinoquinazolines. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1996; 38: 67-73
199. Czendlik C, Graf P. Safety tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CGP 41251, a protein kinase C inhibitor (phase I study) [abstract no 264]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam, 77
200. Senderowicz AM, Headlee D, Stinson S, et al. Phase I trial of a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol in patients with refractory neoplasm [abstract no. 265]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam, 77
201. Schally AV. Oncological applications of somatostatin analogues. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 6977-85
202. Lamberts SWJ. Somatostatin analog treatment of pituitary tumors. In: Klijn JGM, Paridaens R, Foekens JA, editors. Hormonal manipulation of cancer: peptides, growth factors and new (anti) steroidal agents. New York: Raven Press, 1987: 441
203. Prevost G, Israel L. Somatostatin and somatostatin analogues in human breast carcinoma. Cancer Res 1993; 129: 63-70
204. Weckbecker G. Potentiation of the antiproliferative effects of anti-cancer drugs by octreotide. Internal Sandoz document, 1995
205. Warrell RP. Applications for retinoids in cancer therapy. Semin Hematol 1994; 31 (4): 1-13
206. Wouters W, Van Dun J, Dillen A, et al. Effects of liarozole, a new antitumoural compound, on retinoic acid-induced inhibition of cell growth and on retinoic acid metabolism in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 2841-6
207. Smith J, Andriole G, Ahmann F, et al. Effects of liarozole on PSA levels in patients with relapsed stage D prostate cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 636
208. Goss PF, Oza A, Blackstein M, et al. A phase II study of liarozole fumarate in postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer [abstract no. 156]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 123
209. Roy JA, Klijn J, Piccart MJ, et al. Phase II study of liarozole in advanced breast cancer patients: preliminary results [abstract no. 240]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996; 15: 144
210. Roy JA, Klijn J, Beex L, et al. Phase II study of liarozole in advanced breast cancer patients [abstract no. PP-7-1]. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A Suppl. 2: 45
211. Costa A, Formelli F, Chiesa F, et al. Prospects of chemoprevention of human cancers with the synthetic retinoid fenretinide. Cancer Res 1994; 54 Suppl. 7: 2032S-7S
212. Costa A, Malone W, Perloff M, et al. Tolerability of the synthetic retinoid fenretinide (HPR). Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1989; 25 (5): 805-8
213. Peng Y-M, Dalton WS, Alberts DS, et al. Pharmacokinetics of N-4-hydroxyphenylretinamide and the effect of its oral administration on plasma retinol concentrations in cancer patients. Int J Cancer 1989; 43: 22
214. Formelli F, Clerici M, Campa T, et al. Five-year administration of fenretinide: pharmacokinetics and effects on plasma retinol concentrations. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11 (10): 2036-42
215. Smith MA, Adamson PC, Balis FM, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic evaluation of all-trans retinoic acid in pediatric patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10: 1666-73
216. Muindi J, Frunkel SR, Miller Jr WH, et al. Continuous treatment with all-trans retinoic acid causes a progressive reduction in plasma concentrations: implications for relapse and retinoid 'resistance' in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 1992; 79: 299-303
217. Mehta RG, Moon RC, Hawthorne M, et al. Distribution of fenretinide in the mammary gland of breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 1941; 27: 138-41
218. Ratko TA, Detrisac CJ, Dinger NM, et al. Chemopreventive efficacy of combined retinoid and tamoxifen treatment following surgical excision of a primary mammary cancer in female rats. Cancer Res 1989; 49: 4472-6
219. Cobleigh MA, Dowlatshahi K, Deutsch TA, et al. Phase I/II trial of tamoxifen with or without fenretinide, an analog of vitamin A, in women with metastatic breast cancel. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11 (3): 474-7
220. Ferry DR, Traunecker H, Kerr DJ. Clinical trials of p-glycoprotein reversal in solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A (6): 1070-81
221. Wilson WH, Bates SE, Fojo A, et al. Controlled trial of dexverapamil, a modulator of multidrug resistance in lymphomas refractory to EPOCH chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 1995-2004
222. Scheulen M, Nussler V, Kriegmair M, et al. Phase one study of IV dexniguldipine plus vinblasline [abstract no. 419]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13: 156
223. Berg S, Tolcher A, O'Shaughnessy JA, et al. Effect of r-verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 2039-42
224. Hofmann J, Gekeler V, Ise W, et al. Mechanism of action of dexniguldipine-HCl, a new potent modulator of multidrug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 49: 603-9
225. Huet S, Chapey C, Robert J. Reversal of multidrug resistance by a new lipophilic cationic molecule, S9788: comparison with 11 other MDR-modulating agents in a model of doxorubicin-resistant rat glioblastoma cells. Eur J Cancer 1993; 29A: 1377-88
226. Awada A, Pagani O, Piccart MJ, et al. Phase one clinical and pharmacokinetic trials of S9788 alone and in combination with adriamycin [abstract no. 1274]. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1993; 34: 213
227. Giaconne G, Linn SC, Catimel G, et al. Phase one and pharmacokinetic study of SDZ PSC 833 in combination with doxorubicin in patients with solid tumors [abstract no. 364]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1994; 13: 142
228. Twenlyman PR, Bledehen NM. Resistance modification by PSC-833, a novel non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin. Eur J Cancer 1991; 27: 1639-42
229. Keller RP, Altermatt HJ, Nooter K, et al. PSC833, a non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine: its potency in overcoming p-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of murine leukemia. Int J Cancer 1992; 50: 593-97
230. Hyafil F, Vergely C, Du VP, et al. In vitro and in vivo reversal of multidrug resistance by GF 120918, an acridonecarboxamide derivative. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 4595-602
231. Izquiredo MA, Van der Zee AGJ, Vermorken JB, et al. Drug-resistance associated marker LRP for prediction of response to chemotherapy and prognoses in advanced ovarian carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 1230-7
232. Loe DW, Deeley RG, Cole SPC. Biology of the multidrug resistance-associated protein MRP. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A: 945-57
233. Ullrich A, Schlessinger J. Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Cell 1990; 61: 203-12
234. Jones CLA, Kane MA. Oncogenic signaling. Curr Opin Oncol 1996; 8: 54-9
235. Carter P, Presta L, Groman CM, et al. Humanization of an anti-p185HER2 antibody for human cancer therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992; 89: 4285-9
236. Davies DE, Chamberlin SG. Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor for therapy of carcinomas. Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 51: 1101-10
237. Rosen N, Bos M, Ma Z, et al. Farnesyl:protein transferase inhibitors (FTIs) as potential anti-cancer agents [abstract no. 55]. Proc 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam, 27
238. Shay JW. Telomerase and cancer: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications [abstract no. 42]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam, 22
239. Muggia FM. Cytoprotection: concepts and challenges. Support Care Cancer 1994; 2: 377-9
240. Aapro MS. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: an overview of their present status and future potential in cancer therapy-induced emesis. Drugs 1991; 42 Suppl. 4: 5651-85
241. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations for the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors: evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines [editorial]. J Clin Oncol 1994; 12 (11): 2471-508
242. Update of recommendations for the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors: evidence-based clinical practice guidelines [editorial]. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14 (6): 1957-60
243. Kuter DJ. Thrombopoietin: biological and clinical studies [abstract no. 25]. Proceedings of the 9th NCI-EORTC Symposium on New Drugs in Cancer Therapy; 1996 Mar 12-15: Amsterdam, 17
244. Budd GT, Lorenzi V, Ganapathi R, et al. Amifostine: potential for clinically useful cytoprotection. Support Care Cancer 1994; 2: 380-4
245. Hellmann K. Cardioprotection by dexrazoxane (cardioxane; ICRF 187): progress in supportive care. Support Care Cancer 1996; 4: 305-7
246. Speyer JL, Green MD, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, et al. ± ICRF-187 permits longer treatment with doxorubicin in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10: 117-27
247. Morelli D, Ménard S, Colnaghi MI. Oral administration of anti-doxorubicin monoclonal antibody prevents chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in mice. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 2082-5