메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 139, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 417-434

Actomyosin-based retrograde flow of microtubules in the lamella of migrating epithelial cells influences microtubule dynamic instability and turnover and is associated with microtubule breakage and treadmilling

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIN; CYTOCHALASIN D; DIACETYL OXIME; MYOSIN; MYOSIN ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; NOCODAZOLE; TUBULIN;

EID: 0030727892     PISSN: 00219525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.139.2.417     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (411)

References (90)
  • 1
    • 14444273803 scopus 로고
    • Locomotion and contraction in nonmuscle cells
    • S.V. Perry, editor. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishers
    • Abercrombie, M., G.A. Dunn, and J.P. Heath. 1976. Locomotion and contraction in nonmuscle cells. In Contractile systems in non-muscle tissues. S.V. Perry, editor. Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishers. 3-11.
    • (1976) Contractile Systems in Non-muscle Tissues , pp. 3-11
    • Abercrombie, M.1    Dunn, G.A.2    Heath, J.P.3
  • 2
    • 0030048731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a protein that interacts with tubulin dimers and increases the catastrophe rate of microtubules
    • Belmont, L.D., and T.J. Mitchison. 1996. Identification of a protein that interacts with tubulin dimers and increases the catastrophe rate of microtubules. Cell. 84:623-631.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 623-631
    • Belmont, L.D.1    Mitchison, T.J.2
  • 3
    • 0023582253 scopus 로고
    • Control of microtubule nucleation and stability in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells: The occurrence of noncentrosomal, stable detyrosinated microtubules
    • Bre, M.H., T.E. Kreis, and E. Karsenti. 1987. Control of microtubule nucleation and stability in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells: the occurrence of noncentrosomal, stable detyrosinated microtubules. J. Cell Biol. 105:1283-1296.
    • (1987) J. Cell Biol. , vol.105 , pp. 1283-1296
    • Bre, M.H.1    Kreis, T.E.2    Karsenti, E.3
  • 4
    • 0343100996 scopus 로고
    • Cytoplasmic microtubules in normal and transformed cells in culture: Analysis by tubulin antibody immunofluorescence
    • Brinkley, B.R., E.M. Fuller, and D.P. Highfield. 1975. Cytoplasmic microtubules in normal and transformed cells in culture: analysis by tubulin antibody immunofluorescence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 72:4981-4985.
    • (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.72 , pp. 4981-4985
    • Brinkley, B.R.1    Fuller, E.M.2    Highfield, D.P.3
  • 5
    • 0019788759 scopus 로고
    • Tubulin assembly sites and the organization of cytoplasmic microtubules in cultured mammalian cells
    • Brinkley, B.R., S.M. Cox, D.A. Pepper, L. Wible, S.L. Brenner, and R.L. Pardue. 1981. Tubulin assembly sites and the organization of cytoplasmic microtubules in cultured mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 90:554-562.
    • (1981) J. Cell Biol. , vol.90 , pp. 554-562
    • Brinkley, B.R.1    Cox, S.M.2    Pepper, D.A.3    Wible, L.4    Brenner, S.L.5    Pardue, R.L.6
  • 6
    • 0024202112 scopus 로고
    • Real-time observations of microtubule dynamic instability in living cells
    • Cassimeris, L., N.K. Pryer, and E.D. Salmon 1988. Real-time observations of microtubule dynamic instability in living cells. J. Cell Biol. 107:2223-2231.
    • (1988) J. Cell Biol. , vol.107 , pp. 2223-2231
    • Cassimeris, L.1    Pryer, N.K.2    Salmon, E.D.3
  • 7
    • 0023427610 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cytochalasin and phalloidin on actin
    • Cooper, J. A. 1987. Effects of cytochalasin and phalloidin on actin. J. Cell Biol. 105:1473-1478.
    • (1987) J. Cell Biol. , vol.105 , pp. 1473-1478
    • Cooper, J.A.1
  • 8
    • 0029098971 scopus 로고
    • Myosin is involved in post-mitotic cell spreading
    • Cramer, L.P.. and T.J. Mitchison. 1995. Myosin is involved in post-mitotic cell spreading. J. Cell Biol. 131:179-189.
    • (1995) J. Cell Biol. , vol.131 , pp. 179-189
    • Cramer, L.P.1    Mitchison, T.J.2
  • 9
    • 0346466330 scopus 로고
    • Polarity of some motility-related microtubules
    • Euteneuer, U., and J.R. McIntosh. 1981. Polarity of some motility-related microtubules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA. 78:372-376.
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA , vol.78 , pp. 372-376
    • Euteneuer, U.1    McIntosh, J.R.2
  • 10
    • 0021125708 scopus 로고
    • Persistent, directional motility of cells and cytoplasmic fragments in the absence of microtubules
    • Euteneuer, U., and M. Schliwa. 1984. Persistent, directional motility of cells and cytoplasmic fragments in the absence of microtubules. Nature (Lond.). 310: 58-61.
    • (1984) Nature (Lond.) , vol.310 , pp. 58-61
    • Euteneuer, U.1    Schliwa, M.2
  • 11
    • 0024095187 scopus 로고
    • Actions of cytochalasins on the organization of actin filaments and microtubules in a neuronal growth cone
    • Forscher, P., and S.J. Smith. 1988. Actions of cytochalasins on the organization of actin filaments and microtubules in a neuronal growth cone. J. Cell Biol. 107:1505-1516.
    • (1988) J. Cell Biol. , vol.107 , pp. 1505-1516
    • Forscher, P.1    Smith, S.J.2
  • 12
    • 0023442001 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule assembly in cytoplasmic extracts of Xenopus oocytes and eggs
    • Gard, D.L., and M.W. Kirschner. 1987. Microtubule assembly in cytoplasmic extracts of Xenopus oocytes and eggs. J. Cell Biol. 105:2191-2201.
    • (1987) J. Cell Biol. , vol.105 , pp. 2191-2201
    • Gard, D.L.1    Kirschner, M.W.2
  • 13
    • 0026475176 scopus 로고
    • Okadaic acid induces interphase to mitotic-like microtubule dynamic instability by inactivating rescue
    • Gliksman, N.R., S.F. Parsons, and E.D. Salmon. 1992. Okadaic acid induces interphase to mitotic-like microtubule dynamic instability by inactivating rescue. J. Cell Biol. 119:1271-1276.
    • (1992) J. Cell Biol. , vol.119 , pp. 1271-1276
    • Gliksman, N.R.1    Parsons, S.F.2    Salmon, E.D.3
  • 14
    • 0027385963 scopus 로고
    • How the transition frequencies of microtubule dynamic instability (nucleation, catastrophe, and rescue) regulate microtubule dynamics in interphase and mitosis: Analysis using a Monte Carlo computer simulation
    • Gliksman, N.R., R.V. Skibbens, and E.D. Salmon. 1993. How the transition frequencies of microtubule dynamic instability (nucleation, catastrophe, and rescue) regulate microtubule dynamics in interphase and mitosis: analysis using a Monte Carlo computer simulation. Mol. Biol. Cell. 4:1035-1050.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 1035-1050
    • Gliksman, N.R.1    Skibbens, R.V.2    Salmon, E.D.3
  • 15
    • 0018129689 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for actin filament-microtubule interaction mediated by microtubule-associated proteins
    • Griffith, L.M., and T.D. Pollard. 1978. Evidence for actin filament-microtubule interaction mediated by microtubule-associated proteins. J. Cell Biol. 78: 958-965.
    • (1978) J. Cell Biol. , vol.78 , pp. 958-965
    • Griffith, L.M.1    Pollard, T.D.2
  • 16
    • 0020287381 scopus 로고
    • The interaction of actin filaments with microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins
    • Griffith, L.M., and T.D. Pollard. 1982. The interaction of actin filaments with microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 257:9143-9151.
    • (1982) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.257 , pp. 9143-9151
    • Griffith, L.M.1    Pollard, T.D.2
  • 17
    • 0018896273 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of tubulin-containing structures in the egg of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus from fertilization through first cleavage
    • Harris, P., M. Osborn, and K. Weber. 1980. Distribution of tubulin-containing structures in the egg of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus from fertilization through first cleavage. J. Cell Biol. 84:668-679.
    • (1980) J. Cell Biol. , vol.84 , pp. 668-679
    • Harris, P.1    Osborn, M.2    Weber, K.3
  • 18
    • 0025782209 scopus 로고
    • Cell locomotion: New research tests old ideas on membrane and cytoskeletal flow
    • Heath, J.P., and B.F. Holifield. 1991. Cell locomotion: new research tests old ideas on membrane and cytoskeletal flow. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 18:245-257.
    • (1991) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. , vol.18 , pp. 245-257
    • Heath, J.P.1    Holifield, B.F.2
  • 19
    • 0026621934 scopus 로고
    • Effect of 2,3-butanedione monoxime on myosin and myofibrillar ATPases. An example of an uncompetitive inhibitor
    • Herrmann, C., J. Wray, F. Travers, and T. Barman. 1992. Effect of 2,3-butanedione monoxime on myosin and myofibrillar ATPases. An example of an uncompetitive inhibitor. Biochemistry. 31:12227-12232.
    • (1992) Biochemistry , vol.31 , pp. 12227-12232
    • Herrmann, C.1    Wray, J.2    Travers, F.3    Barman, T.4
  • 22
    • 0022919318 scopus 로고
    • Beyond self-assembly: From microtubules to morphogenesis
    • Kirschner, M., and T. Mitchison. 1986. Beyond self-assembly: from microtubules to morphogenesis. Cell. 45:329-342.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.45 , pp. 329-342
    • Kirschner, M.1    Mitchison, T.2
  • 23
    • 0002447019 scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of microtubules during mitosis in Dictyostelium: Dissociation from MTOC and selective assembly/disassembly in situ
    • Kitanishi, Y.T., and Y. Fukui. 1987. Reorganization of microtubules during mitosis in Dictyostelium: dissociation from MTOC and selective assembly/disassembly in situ. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 8:106-117.
    • (1987) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. , vol.8 , pp. 106-117
    • Kitanishi, Y.T.1    Fukui, Y.2
  • 24
    • 0026437563 scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth cone lamellipodia contain two populations of actin filaments that differ in organization and polarity
    • Lewis, A.K., and P.C. Bridgman. 1992. Nerve growth cone lamellipodia contain two populations of actin filaments that differ in organization and polarity. J. Cell Biol. 119:1219-1243.
    • (1992) J. Cell Biol. , vol.119 , pp. 1219-1243
    • Lewis, A.K.1    Bridgman, P.C.2
  • 25
    • 0028857104 scopus 로고
    • Low concentrations of nocodazole interfere with fibroblast locomotion without significantly affecting microtubule level: Implications for the role of dynamic microtubules in cell locomotion
    • Liao, G., T. Nagasaki, and G.G. Gundersen. 1995. Low concentrations of nocodazole interfere with fibroblast locomotion without significantly affecting microtubule level: implications for the role of dynamic microtubules in cell locomotion. J. Cell Sci. 108:3473-3483.
    • (1995) J. Cell Sci. , vol.108 , pp. 3473-3483
    • Liao, G.1    Nagasaki, T.2    Gundersen, G.G.3
  • 26
    • 0028953495 scopus 로고
    • Growth cone advance is inversely proportional to retrograde F-actin flow
    • Lin, C.H., and P. Forscher. 1995. Growth cone advance is inversely proportional to retrograde F-actin flow. Neuron. 14:763-771.
    • (1995) Neuron. , vol.14 , pp. 763-771
    • Lin, C.H.1    Forscher, P.2
  • 27
    • 0028104673 scopus 로고
    • Cytoskeletal reorganization underlying growth cone motility
    • Lin, C.H., C.A. Thompson, and P. Forscher. 1994. Cytoskeletal reorganization underlying growth cone motility. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4:640-647.
    • (1994) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.4 , pp. 640-647
    • Lin, C.H.1    Thompson, C.A.2    Forscher, P.3
  • 28
    • 0029863153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myosin drives retrograde F-actin flow in neuronal growth cones
    • Lin, C.H., E.M. Espreafico, M.S. Mooseker, and P. Forscher. 1996. Myosin drives retrograde F-actin flow in neuronal growth cones. Neuron. 16:769-782.
    • (1996) Neuron. , vol.16 , pp. 769-782
    • Lin, C.H.1    Espreafico, E.M.2    Mooseker, M.S.3    Forscher, P.4
  • 29
    • 0025370111 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule detachment from the microtubule-organizing center as a key event in the complete turnover of microtubules in cells
    • McBeath, E., and K. Fujiwara. 1990. Microtubule detachment from the microtubule-organizing center as a key event in the complete turnover of microtubules in cells. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 52:1-16.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Cell Biol. , vol.52 , pp. 1-16
    • McBeath, E.1    Fujiwara, K.2
  • 30
    • 0027424297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of katanin, an ATPase that severs and disassembles stable microtubules
    • McNally, F.J., and R.D. Vale. Identification of katanin, an ATPase that severs and disassembles stable microtubules. Cell. 75:419-429.
    • Cell , vol.75 , pp. 419-429
    • McNally, F.J.1    Vale, R.D.2
  • 31
    • 0028875880 scopus 로고
    • Polarity and nucleation of microtubules in polarized epithelial cells
    • Meads, T., and T.A. Schroer. 1995. Polarity and nucleation of microtubules in polarized epithelial cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 32:273-288.
    • (1995) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. , vol.32 , pp. 273-288
    • Meads, T.1    Schroer, T.A.2
  • 32
    • 0028785435 scopus 로고
    • Centripetal transport of microtubules in motile cells
    • Mikhailov, A.V., and G.G. Gundersen. 1995. Centripetal transport of microtubules in motile cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 32:173-186.
    • (1995) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. , vol.32 , pp. 173-186
    • Mikhailov, A.V.1    Gundersen, G.G.2
  • 33
    • 0024369644 scopus 로고
    • Polewards microtubule flux in the mitotic spindle: Evidence from photoactivation of fluorescence
    • Mitchison, T.J. 1989. Polewards microtubule flux in the mitotic spindle: evidence from photoactivation of fluorescence. J. Cell Biol. 109:637-652.
    • (1989) J. Cell Biol. , vol.109 , pp. 637-652
    • Mitchison, T.J.1
  • 34
    • 0021686169 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic instability of microtubule growth
    • Mitchison, T., and M. Kirschner. 1984a. Dynamic instability of microtubule growth. Nature (Lond.). 312:237-242.
    • (1984) Nature (Lond.) , vol.312 , pp. 237-242
    • Mitchison, T.1    Kirschner, M.2
  • 35
    • 0021711717 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule assembly nucleated by isolated centrosomes
    • Mitchison, T., and M. Kirschner. 1984b. Microtubule assembly nucleated by isolated centrosomes. Nature (Lond.). 312:232-237.
    • (1984) Nature (Lond.) , vol.312 , pp. 232-237
    • Mitchison, T.1    Kirschner, M.2
  • 36
    • 0030049170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actin-based cell motility and cell locomotion
    • Mitchison, T.J., and L.P. Cramer. 1996. Actin-based cell motility and cell locomotion. Cell. 84:371-379.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 371-379
    • Mitchison, T.J.1    Cramer, L.P.2
  • 37
    • 0027497216 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by 2,3-butanedione-monoxime of mitochondrial ADP-dependent respiration and muscle contraction
    • Mojon, D., W. Zhang, and H. Oetliker. 1993. Inhibition by 2,3-butanedione-monoxime of mitochondrial ADP-dependent respiration and muscle contraction. Biochem. mol. Biol. Int. 31:501-507.
    • (1993) Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. , vol.31 , pp. 501-507
    • Mojon, D.1    Zhang, W.2    Oetliker, H.3
  • 39
    • 0028973450 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin-containing rings in the centrosome
    • Moritz, M., M.B. Braunfeld, J.W. Sedat, B. Alberts, and D.A. Agard. 1995. Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin-containing rings in the centrosome. Nature (Lond.). 378:638-640.
    • (1995) Nature (Lond.) , vol.378 , pp. 638-640
    • Moritz, M.1    Braunfeld, M.B.2    Sedat, J.W.3    Alberts, B.4    Agard, D.A.5
  • 40
    • 0029982877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppresser protein localizes to plasma membrane sites involved in active cell migration
    • Nathke, I.S., C.L. Adams, P. Polakis, J.H. Sellin, and W.J. Nelson. 1996. The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppresser protein localizes to plasma membrane sites involved in active cell migration. J. Cell Biol. 134:165-179.
    • (1996) J. Cell Biol. , vol.134 , pp. 165-179
    • Nathke, I.S.1    Adams, C.L.2    Polakis, P.3    Sellin, J.H.4    Nelson, W.J.5
  • 41
    • 0024426297 scopus 로고
    • Incorporation and turnover of biotinlabeled actin microinjected into fibroblastic cells: An immunoelectron microscopic study
    • Okabe, S., and N. Hirokawa. 1989. Incorporation and turnover of biotinlabeled actin microinjected into fibroblastic cells: an immunoelectron microscopic study. J. Cell Biol. 109:1581-1595.
    • (1989) J. Cell Biol. , vol.109 , pp. 1581-1595
    • Okabe, S.1    Hirokawa, N.2
  • 42
    • 0025998618 scopus 로고
    • Actin dynamics in growth cones
    • Okabe, S., and N. Hirokawa. 1991. Actin dynamics in growth cones. J. Neurosci. 11:1918-1929.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 1918-1929
    • Okabe, S.1    Hirokawa, N.2
  • 43
    • 0025688199 scopus 로고
    • Microtubules are stabilized in confluent epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts
    • Pepperkok, R., M.H. Bre, J. Davoust, and T.E. Kreis. 1990. Microtubules are stabilized in confluent epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 111: 3003-3012.
    • (1990) J. Cell Biol. , vol.111 , pp. 3003-3012
    • Pepperkok, R.1    Bre, M.H.2    Davoust, J.3    Kreis, T.E.4
  • 44
    • 0030569517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2,3-Butanedione 2-monoxime (BDM) induces calcium release from canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum
    • Phillips, R.M., and R.A. Altschuld, 1996. 2,3-Butanedione 2-monoxime (BDM) induces calcium release from canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229:154-157.
    • (1996) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.229 , pp. 154-157
    • Phillips, R.M.1    Altschuld, R.A.2
  • 45
    • 0013276021 scopus 로고
    • Cytoplasmic microtubules and their function
    • Porter, K.R. 1966. Cytoplasmic microtubules and their function. Ciba Found Symp. 8:308-356.
    • (1966) Ciba Found Symp. , vol.8 , pp. 308-356
    • Porter, K.R.1
  • 46
    • 0027519664 scopus 로고
    • Cytoarchitecture of size-excluding compartments in living cells
    • Provance, D.W., Jr., A. McDowall, M. Marko, and K. Luby-Phelps. 1993. Cytoarchitecture of size-excluding compartments in living cells. J. Cell Sci. 106: 565-577.
    • (1993) J. Cell Sci. , vol.106 , pp. 565-577
    • Provance Jr., D.W.1    McDowall, A.2    Marko, M.3    Luby-Phelps, K.4
  • 47
    • 0025098191 scopus 로고
    • Kinetochores are transported poleward along a single microtubule during chromosome attachment to the spindle
    • Rieder, C.L., and S.P. Alexander. 1990. Kinetochores are transported poleward along a single microtubule during chromosome attachment to the spindle. J. Cell Biol. 110:81-95.
    • (1990) J. Cell Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 81-95
    • Rieder, C.L.1    Alexander, S.P.2
  • 48
    • 0025091594 scopus 로고
    • Newt lung epithelial cells: Cultivation, use, and advantages for biomedical research
    • Rieder, C.L., and R, Hard. 1990. Newt lung epithelial cells: cultivation, use, and advantages for biomedical research. Int. Rev. Cytol. 122:153-220.
    • (1990) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.122 , pp. 153-220
    • Rieder, C.L.1    Hard, R.2
  • 49
    • 0030937169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-centring activity of the cytoplasm
    • Rodionov, V.I., and G.G. Borisy. 1997a. Self-centring activity of the cytoplasm. Nature (Lond.). 386:170-173.
    • (1997) Nature (Lond.) , vol.386 , pp. 170-173
    • Rodionov, V.I.1    Borisy, G.G.2
  • 50
    • 0031013546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microtubule treadmilling in vivo
    • Rodionov, V.I., and G.G. Borisy. 1997b. Microtubule treadmilling in vivo. Science (Wash. DC). 275:215-218.
    • (1997) Science (Wash. DC) , vol.275 , pp. 215-218
    • Rodionov, V.I.1    Borisy, G.G.2
  • 52
    • 12644307976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high resolution multimode digital imaging system for fluorescence studies of mitosis
    • E. Cohen and A. Hirschberg, editors. Plenum Press, New York
    • Salmon, E.D., and J.C. Waters. 1996. A high resolution multimode digital imaging system for fluorescence studies of mitosis. In Analytical Use Of Fluorescent Probes In Oncology. E. Cohen and A. Hirschberg, editors. Plenum Press, New York. 349-356.
    • (1996) Analytical Use of Fluorescent Probes in Oncology , pp. 349-356
    • Salmon, E.D.1    Waters, J.C.2
  • 53
    • 0028527652 scopus 로고
    • High resolution multimode digital imaging system for mitosis studies in vivo and in vitro
    • Salmon, E.D., T. Inoue, A. Desai, and A.W. Murray. 1994. High resolution multimode digital imaging system for mitosis studies in vivo and in vitro. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole). 187:231-232.
    • (1994) Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole) , vol.187 , pp. 231-232
    • Salmon, E.D.1    Inoue, T.2    Desai, A.3    Murray, A.W.4
  • 54
    • 0023885426 scopus 로고
    • Direct observation of microtubule dynamics in living cells
    • Sammak, P.J., and G.G. Borisy. 1988a. Direct observation of microtubule dynamics in living cells. Nature (Lond.). 332:724-726.
    • (1988) Nature (Lond.) , vol.332 , pp. 724-726
    • Sammak, P.J.1    Borisy, G.G.2
  • 55
    • 0023782317 scopus 로고
    • Detection of single fluorescent microtubules and methods for determining their dynamics in living cells
    • Sammak, P.J., and G.G. Borisy. 1988b. Detection of single fluorescent microtubules and methods for determining their dynamics in living cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 10:237-245.
    • (1988) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. , vol.10 , pp. 237-245
    • Sammak, P.J.1    Borisy, G.G.2
  • 56
    • 0023131037 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule dynamics in vivo: A test of mechanisms of turnover
    • Sammak, P.J., G.J. Gorbsky, and G.G. Borisy. 1987. Microtubule dynamics in vivo: a test of mechanisms of turnover. J. Cell Biol. 104:395-405.
    • (1987) J. Cell Biol. , vol.104 , pp. 395-405
    • Sammak, P.J.1    Gorbsky, G.J.2    Borisy, G.G.3
  • 58
    • 0026625715 scopus 로고
    • Dual action of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on K+ current in human lymphocytes
    • Schlichter, L.C., P.A. Pahapill, and I. Chung. 1992. Dual action of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on K+ current in human lymphocytes. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 261:438-446.
    • (1992) J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. , vol.261 , pp. 438-446
    • Schlichter, L.C.1    Pahapill, P.A.2    Chung, I.3
  • 59
    • 0023788884 scopus 로고
    • New features of microtubule behavior observed in vivo
    • Schulze, E,. and M. Kirschner. 1988. New features of microtubule behavior observed in vivo. Nature (Lond.). 334:356-359.
    • (1988) Nature (Lond.) , vol.334 , pp. 356-359
    • Schulze, E.1    Kirschner, M.2
  • 60
    • 0020607502 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins regulates their interaction with actin filaments
    • Selden, S.C., and T.D. Pollard. 1983. Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins regulates their interaction with actin filaments. J. Biol. Chem. 258:7064-7071.
    • (1983) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.258 , pp. 7064-7071
    • Selden, S.C.1    Pollard, T.D.2
  • 61
    • 0022557236 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of actin filaments with microtubules is mediated by microtubule-associated proteins and regulated by phosphorylation
    • Selden, S.C., and T.D. Pollard. 1986. Interaction of actin filaments with microtubules is mediated by microtubule-associated proteins and regulated by phosphorylation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 466:803-812.
    • (1986) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.466 , pp. 803-812
    • Selden, S.C.1    Pollard, T.D.2
  • 62
    • 0027458626 scopus 로고
    • Observation and quantification of individual microtubule behavior in vivo: Microtubule dynamics are cell-type specific
    • Shelden, E., and P. Wadsworth. 1993. Observation and quantification of individual microtubule behavior in vivo: microtubule dynamics are cell-type specific. J. Cell Biol. 120:935-945.
    • (1993) J. Cell Biol. , vol.120 , pp. 935-945
    • Shelden, E.1    Wadsworth, P.2
  • 63
    • 0027049935 scopus 로고
    • A novel homo-oligomeric protein responsible for an MPF-dependent microtubule-severina activity
    • Shiina, N., Y. Gotoh, and E. Nishida. 1992. A novel homo-oligomeric protein responsible for an MPF-dependent microtubule-severina activity. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 11:4723-4731.
    • (1992) EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. , vol.11 , pp. 4723-4731
    • Shiina, N.1    Gotoh, Y.2    Nishida, E.3
  • 65
    • 0031240050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging GFP fusion proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Shaw, S.L., E. Yeh, K. Bloom, and E.D. Salmon. 1997. Imaging GFP fusion proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr. Biol. 7:701-704.
    • (1997) Curr. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 701-704
    • Shaw, S.L.1    Yeh, E.2    Bloom, K.3    Salmon, E.D.4
  • 66
    • 0024185459 scopus 로고
    • The actin cytoskeleton
    • Small, J.V. 1988. The actin cytoskeleton. Electron Microsc. Rev. 1:155-174.
    • (1988) Electron Microsc. Rev. , vol.1 , pp. 155-174
    • Small, J.V.1
  • 67
    • 0029000811 scopus 로고
    • Actin filament organization in the fish keratocyte lamellipodium
    • Small, J.V., M. Herzog, and K. Anderson. 1995. Actin filament organization in the fish keratocyte lamellipodium. J. Cell Biol. 129:1275-1286.
    • (1995) J. Cell Biol. , vol.129 , pp. 1275-1286
    • Small, J.V.1    Herzog, M.2    Anderson, K.3
  • 68
    • 0021999029 scopus 로고
    • Polymerization of tubulin in vivo: Direct evidence for assembly onto microtubule ends and from centrosomes
    • Soltys, B.J., and G.G. Borisy. 1985. Polymerization of tubulin in vivo: direct evidence for assembly onto microtubule ends and from centrosomes. J Cell Biol. 100:1682-1689.
    • (1985) J Cell Biol. , vol.100 , pp. 1682-1689
    • Soltys, B.J.1    Borisy, G.G.2
  • 69
    • 0025785552 scopus 로고
    • Control of actin polymerization in live and permeabilized fibroblasts
    • Symons, M.H., and T.J. Mitchison. 1991. Control of actin polymerization in live and permeabilized fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 114:503-513.
    • (1991) J. Cell Biol. , vol.114 , pp. 503-513
    • Symons, M.H.1    Mitchison, T.J.2
  • 70
    • 0025930998 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule behavior in the growth cones of living neurons during axon elongation
    • Tanaka, E.M., and M.W. Kirschner. 1991. Microtubule behavior in the growth cones of living neurons during axon elongation. J. Cell Biol. 115:345-363.
    • (1991) J. Cell Biol. , vol.115 , pp. 345-363
    • Tanaka, E.M.1    Kirschner, M.W.2
  • 71
    • 0028836520 scopus 로고
    • The role of microtubule dynamics in growth cone motility and axonal growth
    • Tanaka, E., T. Ho. and M.W. Kirschner. 1995. The role of microtubule dynamics in growth cone motility and axonal growth. J. Cell Biol. 128:139-155.
    • (1995) J. Cell Biol. , vol.128 , pp. 139-155
    • Tanaka, E.1    Ho, T.2    Kirschner, M.W.3
  • 72
    • 0027987340 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, and retrograde movements of the cell surface
    • Terasaki, M., and T.S. Reese. 1993. Interactions among endoplasmic reticulum, microtubules, and retrograde movements of the cell surface. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 29:291-300.
    • (1993) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. , vol.29 , pp. 291-300
    • Terasaki, M.1    Reese, T.S.2
  • 73
    • 0025740949 scopus 로고
    • Actin microfilament dynamics in locomoting cells
    • Theriot, J.A., and T.J. Mitchison. 1991. Actin microfilament dynamics in locomoting cells. Nature (Lond.). 352:126-131.
    • (1991) Nature (Lond.) , vol.352 , pp. 126-131
    • Theriot, J.A.1    Mitchison, T.J.2
  • 74
    • 0026733354 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of actin and cell surface dynamics in motile fibroblasts
    • Theriot, J.A., and T.J. Mitchison. 1992. Comparison of actin and cell surface dynamics in motile fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 119:367-377.
    • (1992) J. Cell Biol. , vol.119 , pp. 367-377
    • Theriot, J.A.1    Mitchison, T.J.2
  • 75
    • 0030978807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How subunits are lost from the shortening ends of microtubules
    • Tran, P.T., P. Joshi, and E.D. Salmon. 1997a. How subunits are lost from the shortening ends of microtubules. J. Struct. Biol. 118:107-118.
    • (1997) J. Struct. Biol. , vol.118 , pp. 107-118
    • Tran, P.T.1    Joshi, P.2    Salmon, E.D.3
  • 76
    • 0030748335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metastable intermediate state of microtubule dynamic instability that differs significantly between plus and minus ends
    • Tran, P.T., R.A. Walker, and E.D. Salmon. 1997b. A metastable intermediate state of microtubule dynamic instability that differs significantly between plus and minus ends. J. Cell Biol. 138:105-117.
    • (1997) J. Cell Biol. , vol.138 , pp. 105-117
    • Tran, P.T.1    Walker, R.A.2    Salmon, E.D.3
  • 78
    • 0030920202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanomolar concentrations of nocodazole alter microtubule assembly in vitro and in vivo
    • Vasquez, R.J., B. Howell, A.M.C. Yvon, P. Wadsworth, and L. Cassimeris. 1997. Nanomolar concentrations of nocodazole alter microtubule assembly in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Biol. Cell. 8:973-985.
    • (1997) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.8 , pp. 973-985
    • Vasquez, R.J.1    Howell, B.2    Yvon, A.M.C.3    Wadsworth, P.4    Cassimeris, L.5
  • 79
    • 0024076815 scopus 로고
    • Fluorescent microtubules break up under illumination
    • Vigers, G.P., M. Coue, and J.R. McIntosh. 1988. Fluorescent microtubules break up under illumination. J. Cell Biol. 107:1011-1124.
    • (1988) J. Cell Biol. , vol.107 , pp. 1011-1124
    • Vigers, G.P.1    Coue, M.2    McIntosh, J.R.3
  • 80
    • 0031055639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microtubule structure and dynamics
    • Wade, R.H., and A.A. Hyman. 1997. Microtubule structure and dynamics. Curr Opin. Cell Biol. 9:12-17.
    • (1997) Curr Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 12-17
    • Wade, R.H.1    Hyman, A.A.2
  • 81
    • 0030031999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XKCM1: A Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly
    • Walczak, C.E., T.J. Mitchison, and A. Desai. 1996. XKCM1: a Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly. Cell. 84:37-47.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 37-47
    • Walczak, C.E.1    Mitchison, T.J.2    Desai, A.3
  • 82
    • 0024094432 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analyzed by video light microscopy: Rate constants and transition frequencies
    • Walker, R.A., E.T. O'Brien, N.K. Pryer, M.F. Soboeiro, W.A. Voter, H.P. Erickson, and E.D. Salmon. 1988. Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analyzed by video light microscopy: rate constants and transition frequencies. J. Cell Biol. 107:1437-1448.
    • (1988) J. Cell Biol. , vol.107 , pp. 1437-1448
    • Walker, R.A.1    O'Brien, E.T.2    Pryer, N.K.3    Soboeiro, M.F.4    Voter, W.A.5    Erickson, H.P.6    Salmon, E.D.7
  • 83
    • 0024544706 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric behavior of severed microtubule ends after ultraviolet-microbeam irradiation of individual microtubules in vitro
    • Walker, R.A., S. Inoue, and E.D. Salmon. 1989. Asymmetric behavior of severed microtubule ends after ultraviolet-microbeam irradiation of individual microtubules in vitro. J. Cell Biol. 108:931-937.
    • (1989) J. Cell Biol. , vol.108 , pp. 931-937
    • Walker, R.A.1    Inoue, S.2    Salmon, E.D.3
  • 84
    • 0022390903 scopus 로고
    • Exchange of actin subunits at the leading edge of living fibroblasts: Possible role of treadmilling
    • Wang, Y.L. 1985. Exchange of actin subunits at the leading edge of living fibroblasts: possible role of treadmilling. J. Cell Biol. 101:597-602.
    • (1985) J. Cell Biol. , vol.101 , pp. 597-602
    • Wang, Y.L.1
  • 85
    • 0031172760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microtubule dynamics: Treadmilling comes around again
    • Waterman-Storer, C.M., and E.D. Salmon. 1997. Microtubule dynamics: treadmilling comes around again. Curr. Biol. 7:R369-R372.
    • (1997) Curr. Biol. , vol.7
    • Waterman-Storer, C.M.1    Salmon, E.D.2
  • 86
    • 0027290725 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of organelles in the mitotic spindles of living cells: Membrane and microtubule interactions
    • Waterman-Storer, C.M., J.W. Sanger, and J.M. Sanger. 1993. Dynamics of organelles in the mitotic spindles of living cells: membrane and microtubule interactions. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 26:19-39.
    • (1993) Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. , vol.26 , pp. 19-39
    • Waterman-Storer, C.M.1    Sanger, J.W.2    Sanger, J.M.3
  • 88
    • 0029836707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The kinetochore microtubule minus end disassembly associated with poleward flux produces a force that can do work
    • Waters, J.C., T.J. Mitchison, C.L. Rieder, and E.D. Salmon. 1996. The kinetochore microtubule minus end disassembly associated with poleward flux produces a force that can do work. Mol. Biol. Cell. 7:1547-1558.
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.7 , pp. 1547-1558
    • Waters, J.C.1    Mitchison, T.J.2    Rieder, C.L.3    Salmon, E.D.4
  • 89
    • 0027296596 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule nucleation and release from the neuronal centrosome
    • Yu, W., V.E. Centonze, F.J. Ahmad, and P.W. Baas. 1993. Microtubule nucleation and release from the neuronal centrosome. J. Cell Biol. 122:349-359.
    • (1993) J. Cell Biol. , vol.122 , pp. 349-359
    • Yu, W.1    Centonze, V.E.2    Ahmad, F.J.3    Baas, P.W.4
  • 90
    • 0019827270 scopus 로고
    • Cell polarity: An examination of its behavioral expression and its consequences for polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis
    • Zigmond, S.H., H.I. Levitsky, and B.J. Kreel. 1981. Cell polarity: an examination of its behavioral expression and its consequences for polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis. J. Cell Biol. 89:585-592.
    • (1981) J. Cell Biol. , vol.89 , pp. 585-592
    • Zigmond, S.H.1    Levitsky, H.I.2    Kreel, B.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.