Quantification of the soil-water balance under different veld condition classes in a semi-arid climate

African Journal of Range and Forage Science

Volumn 16, Issue 2-3, 1999, Pages 108-117

  Snyman, H A ^a  

^a Departmentof Grassl and Science   (South Africa)

Author keywords

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SOIL EROSION; SOIL WATER CONTENT; SURFACE RUNOFF; WATER USE EFFICIENCY

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002700392     PISSN: 10220119     EISSN: 17279380     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2989/10220119909485725     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Acocks JPH 1988. Veld types of South Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 57.
2. Behnke RH & Scoones I 1993. Rethinking range ecology: implications for rangeland management in Africa. In: Behnke RH. Scoones I & Kerven C (eds). Range ecology at disequilibrium. New models of national variability and pastoral adaptation in Africa savannas. Overseas Development Institute. London, pp. 1-30.
3. Bennie ATP, Strydom, MG & Very HS 1997. Use of computer models for agricultural water management on ecotype level. Water Research Commission Report 625/1/97, Pretoria.
4. Bennie ATP, Hoffman JE, Coetzee MJ & Vrey HS 1994. Opgaring en benutting van reênwater in grond vir die stabilisering van plantproduksie in halfdroe gebiede. Water Research Commission Report 227/1/94, Pretoria.
5. Barnes DL & Franklin BJ 1970. Run-off and soil loss on a sandveld in Rhodesia. Proceedings of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 5:140-144.
6. Bredenkamp G & Van Rooyen N 1996. Dry Sandy Highveld Grassland. In: Low AB & Rebelo AG (eds). Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism, Pretoria, p. 41.
7. Dahlberg AC 2000. Vegetation diversity and change in relation to land-use. soil and rainfall-a case study from North-East District, Botswana. Journal of Arid Environments 44:19-40.
8. Devine DL, Wood MK & Donart GB 1998. Runoff and erosion from a mosaic tobosa-grass and burrograss community in the northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland. Journal of Arid Environments 39:11-19.
9. Dunin FX 1987. Run-off and drainage from grassland catchments. In: Snaydon RW (ed.). Ecosy stems of the world: managed grasslands. Analytical Studies 17, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 205-213.
10. Du Plcssis MCF & Mostert JWC 1965. Afloop-en grondverliese by die landbounavorsingsinstituut Glen. South African Journal of Agricultural Research 8:1051-1060.
11. Du Preez CC & Snyrnan HA 1993. Organic matter content of a soil in a semi-arid climate with three long-standing veld conditions. African Journal of Range & Forage Science 10:108-110.
12. Edwards PJ 1961. Studies on veld burning and mowing the tall grassveld of Natal. MSc thesis. University of Natal. Pietermaritzburg.
13. Foran BD, Tainton NM & Booysen PdeV 1978. The development of a method for assessing veld condition in three grassveld types in Natal. Proceedings of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 13:27-34.
14. Fourie JH & Du Toit PF 1983. Weidingstudies in die Vrvstaatstreek: die bepaling van veldloestand. Glen Agrie 12(1):5-9.
15. Fourie JH & Visagie AFJ 1985. Weidingswaarde en ekologiese status van grasse en karoobossies in die Vrvstaatstreek. Glen Agrie 14(1&2): 14-18.
16. Gifford GF & Hawkins RH 1978. Hydrologie impact of grazing on infiltration: a critical review. Water Resources Research 14:305-313.
17. Haylett DG 1960. Run-off and soil erosion studies at Pretoria. South African Journal of Agricultural Science 3:379-392.
18. Hillcl D 1971. Soil and water. Physical principles and processes. Academic Press, New York.
19. Kelly RD & Walker BH 1976. The effects of different forms of land-use on the ecology of a semi-arid region in south-eastern Rhodesia. Journal of Ecology 64:553-576.
20. Le Houérou HN 1984. Rain use efficiency: a unifying concept in arid-land ecology. Journal of Arid Environments 7:213-247.
21. Le Houérou HN 1994. Drought-tolerant and water efficient fodder shrubs, their role as a "drought insurance" in the agricultural development of arid and semi-arid zones of southern Africa. Water Research Commission Report 65/94, Pretoria.
22. Le Houérou HN, Bingham LR & Skerbek W (1988). Relationship between the variability of primary production and the variability of annual precipitation in world arid lands. Journal of Arid Environments 15:1-18.
23. Le Houérou HN & Hoste CF 1977. Rangeland production and annual rainfall relations in the Mediterranean Bason and the African Sahelian and Sudanian /ones. Journal of Range Management 30:181-189.
24. Le Houcrou HN, Popov GF & See L 1993. Agro-bioclimate classification of Africa. Agrometeorology Series Working Paper 6, F AO, Rome.
25. Mentis MT & Huntley BL 1982. A description of the Grassland Biome Project. National Scientific Programmes Report 62.
26. Milchunas DG & Lauenroth WK 1993. Quantitive effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecological Monographs 63:327-366.
27. Moore A, VanEck JAJ & Van Niekerk JP 1988. Evapotranspirasie in drie plantgemeen-skappe van 'n Rhygozum trichotomum habitat te Upington. Proceedings of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 5:80-84.
28. Mostert JWC 1958. Studies of the vegetation of parts of the Bloemfontein and Brandfort districts. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 31.
29. Mwendera EJ & Saleem MAM 1997. Infiltration rates, surface runoff, and soil loss as influenced by grazing pressure in the Ethiopian highlands. Soil Use & Management 13:29-35.
30. O'Connor TG 1994. Composition and population responses of an African savanna grassland to rainfall and grazing. Journal of Applied Ecology 31:155-191.
31. O'Connor TG 1995. Transformation of a savanna grassland by drought and grazing. African Journal of Range & Forage Science 12:53-60.
32. O'Connor TG & Brcdenkamp GJ 1997. Grassland. In: Cowling RM, Richardson DM & Pierce SM (eds). Vegetation of southern Africa. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge
33. O'Connor TG & Roux PW 1995. Vegetation changes (1947-1971) in a semi-arid, grassy dwarf shrubland in the Karoo. South Africa: influence of rainfall variability and grazing by sheep. Journal of Applied Ecology 32:612-626.
34. Opperman DPJ 1975. Vog-en ontblaringstudies op meerjarige grasse van die Sent rale Oranje-Vrystaat. DSc (Agrie) thesis, University of the Orange Free State. Bloemfontein
35. Potts G 1923. The plant succession in the Orange Free State and the need for monitoring a covering of vegetation South African Journal of Science 20:196-201.
36. Scheepers JC & Kellner K 1995. Biological issues. In: Arluthmot FD (ed.). Report of the ESA Working group on land degradation. Directorate of Resource Conservation. Department of Agriculture, Pretoria.
37. Scholcs RJ & Walker BH 1993. An African savanna: synthesis of the Nylsvley study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
38. Schulze ER 1979. Climate of South Africa. Part 8. General Survey. Weather Bureau, Pretoria.
39. Scotney DM & McPhee PJ 1991. Soil erosion and conservation. In: Van Oudtshoorn F (ed.). Guide to grasses of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria, pp. 11-44.
40. Slack DC & Larson CL 1981. Modelling infiltration, the key process in water management, runoff and erosion. In: Lai R & Russel AW (eds). Tropical agricultural hydrology. John Wiley, Chichester, pp. 433-450.
41. Snyman HA 1988. Measuring watcr-use efficiency from rangeland in the Central Grassveld from évapotranspiration. Water South Africa 14:153-158.
42. Snyman HA 1989. Evapotranspiration and water-usc efficiency of different grass species in the Central Orange Free State. Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 6:146-151.
43. Snyman HA 1994. Evapotranspiration, water-use efficiency and quality of six dryland planted pasture species and natural vegetation, in a semi-arid rangeland. African Journal of Range & Forage Science 11:82-88.
44. Snyman HA 1997a. The influence of range condition on the hydrological characteristics in a semi-arid rangeland. Proceedings of the XVIII International Grassland Congress, Canada 2(23): 1-2.
45. Snyman HA 1997b. Sustainable utilization of the grassland ecosystem. Inaugural address. University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein.
46. Snyman HA 1998. Dy namics and sustainable utilization of the rangeland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid climates of southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 39:645-666.
47. Snyman HA 1999a. Soil erosion and conservation. In: Tainton NM (ed.). Veld management in South Africa. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg, pp. 355-380.
48. Snyman HA 1999b. Short-term effect of soil water, defoliation and rangeland condition on productivity of a semi-arid rangeland in South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 43:47-62.
49. Snyman HA 2000. Soil-water utilisation and sustainability in a semi-arid grassland Water South Africa 26:330-341.
50. Snyman HA & Fouché HJ 1991. Production and water-use efficiency of semi-arid grasslands of South Africa as affected by veld condition and rainfall. Water South Africa 17:263-268.
51. Snyman HA & Fouché HJ 1993. Estimating seasonal herbage production of a semi-arid grassland based on veld condition, rainfall and évapotranspiration. African Journal of Range & Forage Science 10:21-24.
52. Snyman HA & Oosthuizen IB 1999. Rangeland and soil condition: effect on productivity in a semi-arid climate in South Africa. Proceedings of the VI International Rangeland Congress, Townsville, 1:211-212.
53. Snyman HA & Van Rensburg WLJ 1986. Effect of slope and plant cover on run-off, soil loss and water-use efficiency of natural veld. Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 3:153-158.
54. Snyman HA, Venter WD & Van Rensburg WLJ 1997. Transpiration and water-use efficiency response to water stress in Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana. South African Journal of Botany 63:55-59.
55. Snyman HA, Venter WD, Van Rensburg WLJ & Opperman DPJ 1987. Ranking of grass species according to visible wilting order and rate of rccoveiy in the Central Orange Free State. Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 4:78-81.
56. Soil Classification Working Group 1991. Soil classification: a taxonomic system for South Africa. Department of Agricultural Development, Pretoria.
57. Stroosnijder L 1996. Modelling the effect of grazing on infiltration, runoff and primary production in the Sahel. Ecological Modelling 92:79-88.
58. Tilman D, Knops J, Wedin D, Reich P, Ritchie M & Sieman E 1997. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem processes. Science 277:1300-1302.
59. Tilman D, Weding D & Knops J 1996. Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature 379:718-720.
60. Van de Vijver CADM 1999. Fire and life in Tarangire: effects of burning and heibivory on an East African savanna system. PhD thesis. Wageningen University.
61. Van den Berg JA, Roberts BR & Vorster LF 1975. The effect of seasonal grazing on the cover and composition of Cymbopogon-Themeda veld. Proceedings of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 10:111-117.
62. Van den Berg JA, Roberts BR & Vorster LF 1976. Die uitwerking van seisoenbeweiding op die infiltrasievermoé van gronde in 'n Cymbopogon-Themeda veld. Proceedings of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 11:91-95.
63. Venter WD, Snyman HA & Van Rensburg WLJ 1997. Photosynthetic response to water stress in Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana. South African Journal of Botany 63:37-41.
64. Walker BH 1970. An evaluation of eight methods of botanical analyses on grasslands in Rhodesia. Journal of Applied Ecology 7:403-416.
65. Wight JR & Hanson CL 1990. Crop coefficients for rangeland. Journal of Range Management 43:482-485.
66. Willmot CL 1982. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin American Metereology Science 63:1309-1313.
67. Winer BJ 1974. Statistical principles in experimental design. McGraw-Hill, London.