메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 645-666

Dynamics and sustainable utilization of rangeland ecosystems in arid and semi-arid climates of southern Africa

Author keywords

Degradation; Drought; Organic matter; Productivity; Range condition; Soil loss; Soil water balance; Water use efficiency

Indexed keywords

LAND MANAGEMENT; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; RANGELAND; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE;

EID: 0032143486     PISSN: 01401963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jare.1998.0387     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (151)

References (156)
  • 3
    • 85030347217 scopus 로고
    • NOAA/AVHRR derived vegetation indices as a monitoring tool for drought and rangeland condition in southern Africa
    • Melbourne, Australia
    • Badenhorst, N.C. & Erasmus, J.F. (1994). NOAA/AVHRR derived vegetation indices as a monitoring tool for drought and rangeland condition in southern Africa. Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Remote Sensing Conference, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1087-1094.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the 7th Australasian Remote Sensing Conference , pp. 1087-1094
    • Badenhorst, N.C.1    Erasmus, J.F.2
  • 4
    • 0003141713 scopus 로고
    • Relations between soil factors and herbage yield of natural grassland on sandy soils in the south-eastern Transvaal
    • Barnes, D.L., Swart, M., Smith, M.F. & Wiltshire, G.H. (1991). Relations between soil factors and herbage yield of natural grassland on sandy soils in the south-eastern Transvaal. Journal of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 8: 92-98.
    • (1991) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.8 , pp. 92-98
    • Barnes, D.L.1    Swart, M.2    Smith, M.F.3    Wiltshire, G.H.4
  • 6
    • 0030824572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term soil nitrogen and vegetation change on sandhill rangeland
    • Berg, W.A., Bradford, J.A. & Sims, P.L. (1997). Long-term soil nitrogen and vegetation change on sandhill rangeland. Journal of Range Management, 50: 182-486.
    • (1997) Journal of Range Management , vol.50 , pp. 182-486
    • Berg, W.A.1    Bradford, J.A.2    Sims, P.L.3
  • 8
    • 0024581268 scopus 로고
    • Degradation of the semi-arid grassland of southern Africa
    • Bosch, O.J.H. (1989). Degradation of the semi-arid grassland of southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 16: 143-147.
    • (1989) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.16 , pp. 143-147
    • Bosch, O.J.H.1
  • 9
    • 0026021613 scopus 로고
    • The use of degradation gradients for the ecological interpretation of range condition assessment
    • Bosch, O.J.H. & Kellner, K. (1991). The use of degradation gradients for the ecological interpretation of range condition assessment. Journal of Arid Environments, 21: 21-29.
    • (1991) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.21 , pp. 21-29
    • Bosch, O.J.H.1    Kellner, K.2
  • 10
    • 0026499253 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation responses to 2 brush management practices in south Texas
    • Bozzo, J.A., Beason, S.L. & Fullright, T.E. (1992). Vegetation responses to 2 brush management practices in south Texas. Journal of Range Management, 45: 170-175.
    • (1992) Journal of Range Management , vol.45 , pp. 170-175
    • Bozzo, J.A.1    Beason, S.L.2    Fullright, T.E.3
  • 13
    • 0003130569 scopus 로고
    • Effects of thinning on Colophospermum mopane in an indigenous woodland setting
    • Coe, K.H. (1991). Effects of thinning on Colophospermum mopane in an indigenous woodland setting. Journal of the Forestry Association of Botswana, 263: 47-57.
    • (1991) Journal of the Forestry Association of Botswana , vol.263 , pp. 47-57
    • Coe, K.H.1
  • 14
    • 0348168030 scopus 로고
    • Root studies in Highveld Grassland Communities
    • Coetzee, J.A. & Page, M.J. (1946). Root studies in Highveld Grassland Communities. South African Journal of Science, 62(6): 105-118.
    • (1946) South African Journal of Science , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 105-118
    • Coetzee, J.A.1    Page, M.J.2
  • 15
    • 0003220758 scopus 로고
    • Rootgrowth stoppage resulting from defoliation of grass
    • Crider, F.J. (1955). Rootgrowth stoppage resulting from defoliation of grass. USDA Technical Bulletin, 1102: 3-22.
    • (1955) USDA Technical Bulletin , vol.1102 , pp. 3-22
    • Crider, F.J.1
  • 16
    • 0010266087 scopus 로고
    • The grazing capacity of sweetveld: 2. A model to estimate grazing capacity in the False Thornveld of the Eastern Cape
    • Danckwerts, J.E. (1982). The grazing capacity of sweetveld: 2. A model to estimate grazing capacity in the False Thornveld of the Eastern Cape. Proceeding of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 17: 94-98.
    • (1982) Proceeding of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.17 , pp. 94-98
    • Danckwerts, J.E.1
  • 17
    • 0002320857 scopus 로고
    • Short-term influence of defoliation on the production of three veld conditions in the False Thornveld of the Eastern Province
    • Danckwerts, J.E. & Barnard, H.J. (1981). Short-term influence of defoliation on the production of three veld conditions in the False Thornveld of the Eastern Province. Proceedings of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 16: 79-84.
    • (1981) Proceedings of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.16 , pp. 79-84
    • Danckwerts, J.E.1    Barnard, H.J.2
  • 19
    • 0002632937 scopus 로고
    • The effect of frequency of defoliation on Themeda triandra in the False Thornveld of the eastern Cape
    • Danckwerts, J.E. & Nel, L.O. (1989). The effect of frequency of defoliation on Themeda triandra in the False Thornveld of the eastern Cape. Journal of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 6: 32-36.
    • (1989) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.6 , pp. 32-36
    • Danckwerts, J.E.1    Nel, L.O.2
  • 21
    • 0001611119 scopus 로고
    • The effect of severe drought and management after drought on the motality and recovery of semi-arid grassveld
    • Danckwerts, J.E. & Stuart-Hill, G.C. (1988). The effect of severe drought and management after drought on the motality and recovery of semi-arid grassveld. Journal of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 5: 218-222.
    • (1988) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.5 , pp. 218-222
    • Danckwerts, J.E.1    Stuart-Hill, G.C.2
  • 23
    • 0002566754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computing drought severity and forcasting its future impact on grazing in a GIS
    • Wilhite, D. (Ed.), Lincoln: Routledge Publishers. 163 pp.
    • De Jager, J.M., Howard, M.D. & Fouché, H.J. (1997). Computing drought severity and forcasting its future impact on grazing in a GIS. In: Wilhite, D. (Ed.), Hazards and Disaster: A series of definitive works, pp. 103-141. Lincoln: Routledge Publishers. 163 pp.
    • (1997) Hazards and Disaster: A Series of Definitive Works , pp. 103-141
    • De Jager, J.M.1    Howard, M.D.2    Fouché, H.J.3
  • 24
    • 0025594556 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of nitrogen fractions in grazed and ungrazed fescue grassland Ah-horizons
    • Domaar, J.F., Smoliak, S. & Willms, W.D. (1990). Distribution of nitrogen fractions in grazed and ungrazed fescue grassland Ah-horizons. Journal of Range Management, 43: 6-9.
    • (1990) Journal of Range Management , vol.43 , pp. 6-9
    • Domaar, J.F.1    Smoliak, S.2    Willms, W.D.3
  • 25
  • 26
  • 28
    • 84948020723 scopus 로고
    • Organic matter content of a soil in a semi-arid climate with three longstanding veld conditions
    • Du Preez, C.C. & Snyman, H.A. (1993). Organic matter content of a soil in a semi-arid climate with three longstanding veld conditions. African Journal of Rangeland and Forage Science, 10: 108-110.
    • (1993) African Journal of Rangeland and Forage Science , vol.10 , pp. 108-110
    • Du Preez, C.C.1    Snyman, H.A.2
  • 30
    • 74849127402 scopus 로고
    • The grazing index method of range condition assessment
    • Du Toit, P.C.V. (1995). The grazing index method of range condition assessment. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 12(2): 61-67.
    • (1995) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 61-67
    • Du Toit, P.C.V.1
  • 31
    • 0003166290 scopus 로고
    • Effek van bewerking op die organiese materiaalinhoud van geselekteerde droëlandgronde in Suid-Afrika
    • Du Toit, M.E., Du Preez, C.C., Hensley, M. & Bennie, A.T.P. (1994). Effek van bewerking op die organiese materiaalinhoud van geselekteerde droëlandgronde in Suid-Afrika. South African Journal of Plant Soil, 11: 71-79.
    • (1994) South African Journal of Plant Soil , vol.11 , pp. 71-79
    • Du Toit, M.E.1    Du Preez, C.C.2    Hensley, M.3    Bennie, A.T.P.4
  • 32
    • 0020387372 scopus 로고
    • The effects of bush clearing and rainfall variability on grass yield and composition in south-west Zimbabwe
    • Dye, P.J. & Spear, P.T. (1982). The effects of bush clearing and rainfall variability on grass yield and composition in south-west Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural Research, 20: 103-118.
    • (1982) Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural Research , vol.20 , pp. 103-118
    • Dye, P.J.1    Spear, P.T.2
  • 34
    • 0022825922 scopus 로고
    • The influence of subterranean termites on the hydrological characteristics of a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem
    • Elkins, N.Z., Sabol, G.V., Ward, T.J. & Whitford, W.G. (1986). The influence of subterranean termites on the hydrological characteristics of a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem. Oecologia, 68: 521-528.
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.68 , pp. 521-528
    • Elkins, N.Z.1    Sabol, G.V.2    Ward, T.J.3    Whitford, W.G.4
  • 39
    • 84960646269 scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model for assessing the influence of stocking rate on the incident of droughts and for estimating the optimal stocking rate
    • Fouché, H.J., De Jager, J.M. & Opperman, D.P.J. (1985). A mathematical model for assessing the influence of stocking rate on the incident of droughts and for estimating the optimal stocking rate. Journal of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 2: 4-6.
    • (1985) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.2 , pp. 4-6
    • Fouché, H.J.1    De Jager, J.M.2    Opperman, D.P.J.3
  • 40
    • 0010256764 scopus 로고
    • Die invloed van veebelading op veeproduksie en veldtoestand
    • Fourie, J.H. (1985). Die invloed van veebelading op veeproduksie en veldtoestand. Glen Agric, 14: 8-12.
    • (1985) Glen Agric , vol.14 , pp. 8-12
    • Fourie, J.H.1
  • 41
    • 0010235495 scopus 로고
    • Herbage intake by cattle on Tarchonanthus veld in the northern Cape as affected by stocking rate and grazing system
    • Fourie, J.H., Engels, E.A.N. & Roberts, B.R. (1986). Herbage intake by cattle on Tarchonanthus veld in the northern Cape as affected by stocking rate and grazing system. Journal of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 3: 85-89.
    • (1986) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.3 , pp. 85-89
    • Fourie, J.H.1    Engels, E.A.N.2    Roberts, B.R.3
  • 42
    • 0026312628 scopus 로고
    • Range condition assessment and the concept of thresholds: A viewpoint
    • Friedel, M.M. (1991). Range condition assessment and the concept of thresholds: A viewpoint. Journal of Range Management, 44: 422-426.
    • (1991) Journal of Range Management , vol.44 , pp. 422-426
    • Friedel, M.M.1
  • 44
    • 0025597769 scopus 로고
    • Herbaceous biomass in a Eucalyptus savanna woodland after removing trees and/or shrubs
    • Harrington, G.N. & Johns, G.G. (1990). Herbaceous biomass in a Eucalyptus savanna woodland after removing trees and/or shrubs. Journal of Applied Ecology, 27: 775-787.
    • (1990) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.27 , pp. 775-787
    • Harrington, G.N.1    Johns, G.G.2
  • 45
    • 85001560896 scopus 로고
    • Towards the development of a bio-economic stocking model for the semi-arid and savanna of KwaZulu-Natal
    • Hatch, G.P., Tainton, N.M. & Ortmann, G.F. (1986). Towards the development of a bio-economic stocking model for the semi-arid and savanna of KwaZulu-Natal. African Journal of Range Forage Science, 13: 67-71.
    • (1986) African Journal of Range Forage Science , vol.13 , pp. 67-71
    • Hatch, G.P.1    Tainton, N.M.2    Ortmann, G.F.3
  • 46
    • 0028180959 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Quercus emoryi on herbaceous vegetation in a semi-arid savanna
    • Haworth, K. & McPherson, G.R. (1994). Effects of Quercus emoryi on herbaceous vegetation in a semi-arid savanna. Vegetatio, 112: 153-159.
    • (1994) Vegetatio , vol.112 , pp. 153-159
    • Haworth, K.1    McPherson, G.R.2
  • 48
    • 0000739410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grazing management: Technology for sustaining rangeland ecosystems
    • Heitschmidt, R.K. & Walker, J.W. (1996). Grazing management: Technology for sustaining rangeland ecosystems. Rangeland Journal, 2: 194-215.
    • (1996) Rangeland Journal , vol.2 , pp. 194-215
    • Heitschmidt, R.K.1    Walker, J.W.2
  • 51
    • 0031107077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of five range condition assessment techniques used in the semi-arid western grassland biome of southern Africa
    • Jordaan, F.P., Biel, L.C. & Du Plessis, P.I.M. (1997). A comparison of five range condition assessment techniques used in the semi-arid western grassland biome of southern Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 35: 665-671.
    • (1997) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.35 , pp. 665-671
    • Jordaan, F.P.1    Biel, L.C.2    Du Plessis, P.I.M.3
  • 55
    • 0021537107 scopus 로고
    • Rain use efficiency: A unifying concept in arid-land ecology
    • Le Houérou, H.N. (1984). Rain use efficiency: A unifying concept in arid-land ecology. Journal of Arid Environments, 7: 213-247.
    • (1984) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.7 , pp. 213-247
    • Le Houérou, H.N.1
  • 58
    • 0000846056 scopus 로고
    • Rangeland production and annual rainfall relations in the Mediterranean Bason and the African Sahelian and Sudanian zones
    • Le Houérou, H.N. & Hoste, C.F. (1977). Rangeland production and annual rainfall relations in the Mediterranean Bason and the African Sahelian and Sudanian zones. Journal of Range Management, 30: 181-189.
    • (1977) Journal of Range Management , vol.30 , pp. 181-189
    • Le Houérou, H.N.1    Hoste, C.F.2
  • 59
    • 0024161972 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between the variability of primary production and the variability of annual precipitation in world arid lands
    • Le Houérou, H.N., Bingham, L.R. & Skerbek, W. (1988). Relationship between the variability of primary production and the variability of annual precipitation in world arid lands. Journal of Arid Environments, 15: 1-18.
    • (1988) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.15 , pp. 1-18
    • Le Houérou, H.N.1    Bingham, L.R.2    Skerbek, W.3
  • 62
    • 0002961127 scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of beef cattle producers and scientists relating to sustainable land use issues and their implications for technology transfer
    • MacLeod, N.D. & Taylor, J.A. (1994). Perceptions of beef cattle producers and scientists relating to sustainable land use issues and their implications for technology transfer. Rangeland Journal, 16: 238-253.
    • (1994) Rangeland Journal , vol.16 , pp. 238-253
    • MacLeod, N.D.1    Taylor, J.A.2
  • 63
    • 0027736562 scopus 로고
    • Strategies to overcome barriers to the development of sustainable agriculture in Canada: The role of agribusiness
    • MacRae, R.J., Henning, J. & Hill, S.B. (1993). Strategies to overcome barriers to the development of sustainable agriculture in Canada: the role of agribusiness. Journal of Agricultural Environment Ethics, 6(1): 21.
    • (1993) Journal of Agricultural Environment Ethics , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 21
    • MacRae, R.J.1    Henning, J.2    Hill, S.B.3
  • 65
    • 0000184988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stemflow, throughfall and channelization of stemflow by roots in three Chihuahuan Desert shrubs
    • Martinez-Meza, E. & Whitford, W.G. (1996). Stemflow, throughfall and channelization of stemflow by roots in three Chihuahuan Desert shrubs. Journal of Arid Environments, 32: 271-287.
    • (1996) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.32 , pp. 271-287
    • Martinez-Meza, E.1    Whitford, W.G.2
  • 66
    • 0001389491 scopus 로고
    • Large mammals and process dynamics in African ecosystems
    • McNaughton, S.J., Ruess, R.W. & Seagle, S.W. (1988). Large mammals and process dynamics in African ecosystems. Bioscience, 38: 794-800.
    • (1988) Bioscience , vol.38 , pp. 794-800
    • McNaughton, S.J.1    Ruess, R.W.2    Seagle, S.W.3
  • 69
    • 0027133910 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange in arid-adapted shrubs: When is efficient water use a disadvantage?
    • Midgley, G.F. & Moll, E.J. (1993). Gas exchange in arid-adapted shrubs: when is efficient water use a disadvantage? South African Journal of Botany, 59: 491-495.
    • (1993) South African Journal of Botany , vol.59 , pp. 491-495
    • Midgley, G.F.1    Moll, E.J.2
  • 70
    • 85011818045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of wood and dung disintegration in arid South African rangelands
    • Milton, S.J. & Dean, W.R.J. (1997). Rates of wood and dung disintegration in arid South African rangelands. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 13: 89-93.
    • (1997) African Journal of Range & Forage Science , vol.13 , pp. 89-93
    • Milton, S.J.1    Dean, W.R.J.2
  • 71
    • 0002526959 scopus 로고
    • The application of state-and-transition models to rangeland research and management in arid succulent and semi-arid grassy Karoo, South Africa
    • Milton, S.J. & Hoffman, M.T. (1994). The application of state-and-transition models to rangeland research and management in arid succulent and semi-arid grassy Karoo, South Africa. African Journal for Range and Forage Science, 11(1): 18-26.
    • (1994) African Journal for Range and Forage Science , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-26
    • Milton, S.J.1    Hoffman, M.T.2
  • 73
    • 0002199903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience of soils and vegetation subjected to different grazing intensities in a semi-arid rangeland of Kenya
    • Mworia, J.K., Nnene, W.N., Musembi, D.K. & Reid, R.S. (1997). Resilience of soils and vegetation subjected to different grazing intensities in a semi-arid rangeland of Kenya. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 14(1): 26-31.
    • (1997) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-31
    • Mworia, J.K.1    Nnene, W.N.2    Musembi, D.K.3    Reid, R.S.4
  • 75
    • 0002109924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grassland
    • Cowling, R.M., Richardson, D.M. & Pierce, S.M. (Eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 615 pp.
    • O'Connor, T.G. & Bredenkamp, G.J. (1997). Grassland. In: Cowling, R.M., Richardson, D.M. & Pierce, S.M. (Eds), Vegetation of Southern Africa, pp. 215-257. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 615 pp.
    • (1997) Vegetation of Southern Africa , pp. 215-257
    • O'Connor, T.G.1    Bredenkamp, G.J.2
  • 76
    • 0028975841 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation changes (1949-71) in a semi-arid, grassy dwarf shrubland in the Karoo, south African: Influence of rainfall variability and grazing by sheep
    • O'Connor, T.G. & Roux, P.W. (1995). Vegetation changes (1949-71) in a semi-arid, grassy dwarf shrubland in the Karoo, south African: influence of rainfall variability and grazing by sheep. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32: 612-626.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.32 , pp. 612-626
    • O'Connor, T.G.1    Roux, P.W.2
  • 78
    • 0001023882 scopus 로고
    • The influence of defoliation on dry matter production and nutritive value of perennial veld grasses
    • Opperman, D.P.J., Roberts, B.R. & Van Rensburg, W.L.J. (1969). The influence of defoliation on dry matter production and nutritive value of perennial veld grasses. Agroplantae, 1: 133-138.
    • (1969) Agroplantae , vol.1 , pp. 133-138
    • Opperman, D.P.J.1    Roberts, B.R.2    Van Rensburg, W.L.J.3
  • 79
    • 0002811548 scopus 로고
    • Die invloed van ontblaring op die wortelgewigte, stoppelgewigte en reserwestatus van die meerjarige veldgrasse
    • Opperman, D.P.J., Roberts, B.R. & Van Rensburg, W.L.J. (1970). Die invloed van ontblaring op die wortelgewigte, stoppelgewigte en reserwestatus van die meerjarige veldgrasse. Agroplantae, 2: 51-60.
    • (1970) Agroplantae , vol.2 , pp. 51-60
    • Opperman, D.P.J.1    Roberts, B.R.2    Van Rensburg, W.L.J.3
  • 81
    • 84971074155 scopus 로고
    • Rainfall partitioning by an arid woodland Acacia aneura F. Muell. In southwestern Queensland
    • Pressland, A.J. (1973). Rainfall partitioning by an arid woodland Acacia aneura F. Muell. in southwestern Queensland. Australian Journal of Botany, 21: 235-265.
    • (1973) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.21 , pp. 235-265
    • Pressland, A.J.1
  • 82
    • 0010230261 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between climate, vegetation and runoff in the Karoo
    • Roux, P.W. (1981). Interaction between climate, vegetation and runoff in the Karoo. Karoo Agric, 2(1): 4-8.
    • (1981) Karoo Agric , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-8
    • Roux, P.W.1
  • 83
    • 0008709706 scopus 로고
    • Soil erosion
    • Cowling, R.M., Roux, P.W. & Pieterse, A.J. H. (Eds), Programme Report 124. Pretoria: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. 113 pp.
    • Roux, P.W. & Opperman, D.P. J. (1986). Soil erosion. In: Cowling, R.M., Roux, P.W. & Pieterse, A.J. H. (Eds), The Karoo Biome, A preliminary Synthesis. Part I. Physical environment, pp. 92-111. Programme Report 124. Pretoria: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. 113 pp.
    • (1986) The Karoo Biome, A Preliminary Synthesis. Part I. Physical Environment , pp. 92-111
    • Roux, P.W.1    Opperman, D.P.J.2
  • 86
    • 0025671083 scopus 로고
    • Woody overstorey impact on herbaceous understorey in Eucalyptus spp. Communities in central Queensland
    • Scanlan, J.C. & Burrows, W.H. (1990). Woody overstorey impact on herbaceous understorey in Eucalyptus spp. communities in central Queensland. Australian Journal of Ecology, 15: 191-197.
    • (1990) Australian Journal of Ecology , vol.15 , pp. 191-197
    • Scanlan, J.C.1    Burrows, W.H.2
  • 87
    • 0003376043 scopus 로고
    • Biological issues
    • Arluthmot, F.D. (Ed.), Directorate of Resource Conservation, Department of Agriculture. 74 pp.
    • Scheepers, J.C. & Kellner, K. (1995). Biological issues. In: Arluthmot, F.D. (Ed.), Report of the ESA Working Group on Land Degradation, pp. 51-63. Directorate of Resource Conservation, Department of Agriculture. 74 pp.
    • (1995) Report of the ESA Working Group on Land Degradation , pp. 51-63
    • Scheepers, J.C.1    Kellner, K.2
  • 88
    • 0022841002 scopus 로고
    • Industrial contributions to desertification in South America
    • Schofield, C.J. & Bucher, E.H. (1986). Industrial contributions to desertification in South America. Trends in Ecology Evolution, 1: 78-80.
    • (1986) Trends in Ecology Evolution , vol.1 , pp. 78-80
    • Schofield, C.J.1    Bucher, E.H.2
  • 92
    • 0010286090 scopus 로고
    • Soil loss in the key areas of the Drakensberg
    • Schulze, R.E. (1979). Soil loss in the key areas of the Drakensberg. Agricultural Engineering, 13: 22-23.
    • (1979) Agricultural Engineering , vol.13 , pp. 22-23
    • Schulze, R.E.1
  • 93
    • 0021230475 scopus 로고
    • Hydrological simulation as a tool for agricultural drought assessment
    • Schulze, R.E. (1984). Hydrological simulation as a tool for agricultural drought assessment. Water South Africa, 10(1): 55-65.
    • (1984) Water South Africa , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-65
    • Schulze, R.E.1
  • 95
    • 85030345688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water Research Commission Report. Pretoria. 532 pp.
    • Schulze, R.E. (1997b). Hydrology and agrohidrology. Water Research Commission Report. Pretoria. 532 pp.
    • (1997) Hydrology and Agrohidrology
    • Schulze, R.E.1
  • 96
    • 0010281437 scopus 로고
    • Interrelationships of usage canopy cover with range forage on the coastal prairie
    • Scifres, C.J., Mutz, J.L., Whitson, R.E. & Drawe, D.L. (1982). Interrelationships of usage canopy cover with range forage on the coastal prairie. Journal of Range Management, 35: 558-562.
    • (1982) Journal of Range Management , vol.35 , pp. 558-562
    • Scifres, C.J.1    Mutz, J.L.2    Whitson, R.E.3    Drawe, D.L.4
  • 97
    • 0039694003 scopus 로고
    • Soil erosion and concentration
    • van Oudtshoorn, F. (Ed.), Arcadia: Briza Publications. 301 pp.
    • Scotney, D.M. & McPhee, P.J. (1991). Soil erosion and concentration. In: van Oudtshoorn, F. (Ed.), Guide to Grasses of South Africa, pp. 11-44. Arcadia: Briza Publications. 301 pp.
    • (1991) Guide to Grasses of South Africa , pp. 11-44
    • Scotney, D.M.1    McPhee, P.J.2
  • 98
    • 0002638169 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary studies on growth and development of Eragrostis curvula and Themeda triandra
    • Scott, J.D. & Rabie, J.W. (1956). Preliminary studies on growth and development of Eragrostis curvula and Themeda triandra. Southern African Journal of Science, 52(9): 207-210.
    • (1956) Southern African Journal of Science , vol.52 , Issue.9 , pp. 207-210
    • Scott, J.D.1    Rabie, J.W.2
  • 99
    • 0028165164 scopus 로고
    • Development of an herbaceous cover in a Sudano-Sahelian savanna in north Cameroon in relation to available water
    • Seghieri, J., Floret, C.H. & Pontarier, R. (1994). Development of an herbaceous cover in a Sudano-Sahelian savanna in north Cameroon in relation to available water. Vegetatio, 114: 175-184.
    • (1994) Vegetatio , vol.114 , pp. 175-184
    • Seghieri, J.1    Floret, C.H.2    Pontarier, R.3
  • 101
    • 0010235330 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in root biomass, root/shoot ratios and turnover in two coastal grassland communities in Transkei
    • Shackleton, C.M., McKenzie, B. & Granger, J.E. (1988). Seasonal changes in root biomass, root/shoot ratios and turnover in two coastal grassland communities in Transkei. South African Journal of Botany, 54: 465-471.
    • (1988) South African Journal of Botany , vol.54 , pp. 465-471
    • Shackleton, C.M.1    McKenzie, B.2    Granger, J.E.3
  • 102
    • 0010292713 scopus 로고
    • Breakdown and decomposition in three coastal grassland communities in Transkei
    • Shackleton, C.M., McKenzie, B. & Granger, J.E. (1989). Breakdown and decomposition in three coastal grassland communities in Transkei. South African Journal of Botany, 5: 551-559.
    • (1989) South African Journal of Botany , vol.5 , pp. 551-559
    • Shackleton, C.M.1    McKenzie, B.2    Granger, J.E.3
  • 105
    • 0001972914 scopus 로고
    • The influence of leguminous and non-leguminous woody plants on the herbaceous layer and soil under varing competition regimes in Mixed Bushveld
    • Smit, G.N. & Swart, J.S. (1994). The influence of leguminous and non-leguminous woody plants on the herbaceous layer and soil under varing competition regimes in Mixed Bushveld. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 11: 27-33.
    • (1994) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.11 , pp. 27-33
    • Smit, G.N.1    Swart, J.S.2
  • 106
    • 0010266088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: Vegetative growth, reproduction, browse production and response to tree clearing of woody plants in African savanna
    • Smit, G.N., Rethman, N.F. G. & Moore, A. (1996). Review article: Vegetative growth, reproduction, browse production and response to tree clearing of woody plants in African savanna. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 13(2): 78-88.
    • (1996) African Journal of Range & Forage Science , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 78-88
    • Smit, G.N.1    Rethman, N.F.G.2    Moore, A.3
  • 107
    • 85084865233 scopus 로고
    • Range condition and secondary succession: A critique
    • Lauenroth, W.K. & Laycock, W.A. (Eds), Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 163 pp.
    • Smith, E.L. (1989). Range condition and secondary succession: A critique. In: Lauenroth, W.K. & Laycock, W.A. (Eds), Secondary Succession and the Evolution of Range Condition, pp. 103-141. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 163 pp.
    • (1989) Secondary Succession and the Evolution of Range Condition , pp. 103-141
    • Smith, E.L.1
  • 110
    • 0024036362 scopus 로고
    • Bepaling van waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid van veld in die sentrale orangje-vrystaat vanaf evapotranspirasiemetings
    • Snyman, H.A. (1988). Bepaling van waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid van veld in die Sentrale Orangje-Vrystaat vanaf evapotranspirasiemetings. Water South Africa, 14: 153-158.
    • (1988) Water South Africa , vol.14 , pp. 153-158
    • Snyman, H.A.1
  • 111
    • 0000741884 scopus 로고
    • Evapotranspirasie en waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid van verskillende grasspesies in die sentrale Orange-Vrystaat
    • Snyman, H.A. (1989). Evapotranspirasie en waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid van verskillende grasspesies in die sentrale Orange-Vrystaat. Proceedings of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 6: 146-151.
    • (1989) Proceedings of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.6 , pp. 146-151
    • Snyman, H.A.1
  • 112
    • 85030346369 scopus 로고
    • Streef na optimale veldtoestand en weidingkapasiteit
    • Snyman, H.A. (1993a). Streef na optimale veldtoestand en weidingkapasiteit. SA Koöp, 9(5): 25-28.
    • (1993) SA Koöp , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 25-28
    • Snyman, H.A.1
  • 113
    • 0001580868 scopus 로고
    • The effect of defoliation during wilting on the production of Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana in semi-arid grassland
    • Snyman, H.A. (1993b). The effect of defoliation during wilting on the production of Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana in semi-arid grassland. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 10: 113-117.
    • (1993) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.10 , pp. 113-117
    • Snyman, H.A.1
  • 114
    • 0002143056 scopus 로고
    • Evapotranspiration, water-use efficiency and quality of six dryland planted pasture species and natural vegetation, in a semi-arid rangeland
    • Snyman, H.A. (1994a). Evapotranspiration, water-use efficiency and quality of six dryland planted pasture species and natural vegetation, in a semi-arid rangeland. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 11(3): 82-88.
    • (1994) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 82-88
    • Snyman, H.A.1
  • 115
    • 85030342493 scopus 로고
    • Die invloed van ontblaring en wortelontwikkeling by grasse
    • Snyman, H.A. (1994b). Die invloed van ontblaring en wortelontwikkeling by grasse. SA Koöp, 10(4): 21-24.
    • (1994) SA Koöp , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 21-24
    • Snyman, H.A.1
  • 116
    • 0002153538 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge and the Grassland Scientist in a rapidly changing southern Africa
    • Snyman, H.A. (1995). Knowledge and the Grassland Scientist in a rapidly changing southern Africa. Bulletin of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 6: 41-47.
    • (1995) Bulletin of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.6 , pp. 41-47
    • Snyman, H.A.1
  • 117
    • 0001861344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of range condition on the hydrological characteristics in semi-arid rangeland
    • Snyman, H.A. (1997a). The influence of range condition on the hydrological characteristics in semi-arid rangeland. Proceedings XVIII International Grassland Congress, Canada, 2(23): 1-2.
    • (1997) Proceedings XVIII International Grassland Congress, Canada , vol.2 , Issue.23 , pp. 1-2
    • Snyman, H.A.1
  • 119
    • 0001726905 scopus 로고
    • Production and water-use efficiency of semi-arid grasslands of South Africa as affected by veld condition and rainfall
    • Snyman, H.A. & Fouché, H.J. (1991). Production and water-use efficiency of semi-arid grasslands of South Africa as affected by veld condition and rainfall. Water South Africa, 17(4): 263-268.
    • (1991) Water South Africa , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-268
    • Snyman, H.A.1    Fouché, H.J.2
  • 120
    • 2542562276 scopus 로고
    • Estimating seasonal herbage production of a semi-arid grassland based on veld condition, rainfall and evapotranspiration
    • Snyman, H.A. & Fouché, H.J. (1993). Estimating seasonal herbage production of a semi-arid grassland based on veld condition, rainfall and evapotranspiration. African Journal of Rangeland and Forage Science, 10: 21-24.
    • (1993) African Journal of Rangeland and Forage Science , vol.10 , pp. 21-24
    • Snyman, H.A.1    Fouché, H.J.2
  • 121
    • 84888137631 scopus 로고
    • Die invloed van vog-en ontblaringsbehandelings in hidrologiese eenhedf op natuurlike veld van die sentrale Oranje-Vrystaat
    • Snyman, H.A. & Opperman, D.P.J. (1983). Die invloed van vog-en ontblaringsbehandelings in hidrologiese eenhedf op natuurlike veld van die sentrale Oranje-Vrystaat. Proceedings of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 18: 124-130.
    • (1983) Proceedings of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.18 , pp. 124-130
    • Snyman, H.A.1    Opperman, D.P.J.2
  • 122
    • 0001772746 scopus 로고
    • Afloopstudies vanaf natuurlike veld in verskillende suksessestadia van die Sentrale Oranje-Vrystaat
    • Snyman, H.A. & Opperman, D.P.J. (1984). Afloopstudies vanaf natuurlike veld in verskillende suksessestadia van die Sentrale Oranje-Vrystaat. Journal of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 1: 11-15.
    • (1984) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.1 , pp. 11-15
    • Snyman, H.A.1    Opperman, D.P.J.2
  • 124
    • 0000679615 scopus 로고
    • Korttermyn invloed van strawwe droogte op veldtoestand en waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid van grasveld in die sentrale Oranje-Vrystaat
    • Snyman, H.A. & Van Rensburg, W.L.J. (1990). Korttermyn invloed van strawwe droogte op veldtoestand en waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid van grasveld in die sentrale Oranje-Vrystaat. Journal of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 7: 249-256.
    • (1990) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.7 , pp. 249-256
    • Snyman, H.A.1    Van Rensburg, W.L.J.2
  • 128
    • 0030914401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transpiration and water use efficiency in response to water stress in Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana
    • Snyman, H.A., Venter, W.D. & Van Rensburg, W.L.J. (1997). Transpiration and water use efficiency in response to water stress in Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana. South African Journal of Botany, 63(1): 55-59.
    • (1997) South African Journal of Botany , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-59
    • Snyman, H.A.1    Venter, W.D.2    Van Rensburg, W.L.J.3
  • 130
    • 0002309230 scopus 로고
    • Growth and defoliation of veld and pasture plants and swards
    • Tainton, N.M. (Ed.), Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter. 481 pp.
    • Tainton, N.M. (1981). Growth and defoliation of veld and pasture plants and swards. In: Tainton, N.M. (Ed.), Veld and Pasture Management in South Africa, pp. 215-239. Pietermaritzburg: Shuter & Shooter. 481 pp.
    • (1981) Veld and Pasture Management in South Africa , pp. 215-239
    • Tainton, N.M.1
  • 131
    • 0002264190 scopus 로고
    • A consideration of veld condition assessment technique for commercial livestock production in South Africa
    • Tainton, N.M. (1988). A consideration of veld condition assessment technique for commercial livestock production in South Africa. Journal of the Grassland Society of southern Africa, 5: 76-79.
    • (1988) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.5 , pp. 76-79
    • Tainton, N.M.1
  • 137
    • 0030913705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photosynthetic response to water stress in Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana
    • Venter, W.D., Snyman, H.A. & Van Rensburg, W.L.J. (1997). Photosynthetic response to water stress in Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana. South African Journal of Botany, 63(1): 37-41.
    • (1997) South African Journal of Botany , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-41
    • Venter, W.D.1    Snyman, H.A.2    Van Rensburg, W.L.J.3
  • 139
    • 0002494595 scopus 로고
    • Outecology, synecology, climate and livestock as agent of rangeland dynamics
    • Walker, B.H. (1988). Outecology, synecology, climate and livestock as agent of rangeland dynamics. Australian Rangeland Journal, 10: 69-75.
    • (1988) Australian Rangeland Journal , vol.10 , pp. 69-75
    • Walker, B.H.1
  • 141
    • 0010261204 scopus 로고
    • The New Zealand policy framework for sustainable agriculture and some implications for animal production research
    • Walker, A.B., Frizell, J.A. & Morris, S.D. (1994). The New Zealand policy framework for sustainable agriculture and some implications for animal production research. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 54: 367-372.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production , vol.54 , pp. 367-372
    • Walker, A.B.1    Frizell, J.A.2    Morris, S.D.3
  • 142
    • 0010260711 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal chemical changes in the roots of some South African Highveld grasses
    • Weinmann, H. (1940). Seasonal chemical changes in the roots of some South African Highveld grasses. Journal of South African Botany, 6: 131-139.
    • (1940) Journal of South African Botany , vol.6 , pp. 131-139
    • Weinmann, H.1
  • 143
    • 0010258288 scopus 로고
    • Effects of defoliation intensity and treatment on Transvaal Highveld
    • Weismann, H. (1943). Effects of defoliation intensity and treatment on Transvaal Highveld. Empirical Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 11: 113-123.
    • (1943) Empirical Journal of Experimental Agriculture , vol.11 , pp. 113-123
    • Weismann, H.1
  • 144
    • 84981759172 scopus 로고
    • Underground development and reserves of grasses. A review
    • Weinmann, H. (1948). Underground development and reserves of grasses. A review. Journal British Grassland Society, 3: 115-140.
    • (1948) Journal British Grassland Society , vol.3 , pp. 115-140
    • Weinmann, H.1
  • 145
    • 84954866916 scopus 로고
    • Elements of a theory of vegetation dynamics in arid rangelands
    • Westoby, M. (1979). Elements of a theory of vegetation dynamics in arid rangelands. Journal of Botany, 28: 169-194.
    • (1979) Journal of Botany , vol.28 , pp. 169-194
    • Westoby, M.1
  • 146
    • 0024944976 scopus 로고
    • Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium
    • Westoby, M., Walker, B.H. & Noi-Meir, I. (1989). Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium. Journal of Range Management, 42: 266-274.
    • (1989) Journal of Range Management , vol.42 , pp. 266-274
    • Westoby, M.1    Walker, B.H.2    Noi-Meir, I.3
  • 147
    • 0029661462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of the biodiversity of soil biota in arid ecosystems
    • Whitford, W.G. (1996). The importance of the biodiversity of soil biota in arid ecosystems. Biodiversity and Conservation, 5: 185-195.
    • (1996) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.5 , pp. 185-195
    • Whitford, W.G.1
  • 149
    • 0031082136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stemflow contribution to the 'fertile island' effect in creasotebush, Larrea tridentata
    • Whitford, W.G., Anderson, J. & Rice, P.M. (1997). Stemflow contribution to the 'fertile island' effect in creasotebush, Larrea tridentata. Journal of Arid Environments, 35: 451-457.
    • (1997) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.35 , pp. 451-457
    • Whitford, W.G.1    Anderson, J.2    Rice, P.M.3
  • 151
    • 0020386641 scopus 로고
    • Some comments on the evaluation of model performance
    • Wilmott, C.J. (1982). Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin American Meterology Society, 63: 1309-1313.
    • (1982) Bulletin American Meterology Society , vol.63 , pp. 1309-1313
    • Wilmott, C.J.1
  • 152
    • 0002438396 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and nitrogen balance in laboratory incubation of soil from natural grassland in the central Orange Free State
    • Wiltshire, G.H. (1990). Nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and nitrogen balance in laboratory incubation of soil from natural grassland in the central Orange Free State. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 7: 45-49.
    • (1990) South African Journal of Plant and Soil , vol.7 , pp. 45-49
    • Wiltshire, G.H.1
  • 153
    • 84970567280 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of management options for increasing the productivity of tropical savanna pastures
    • Winter, W.H., Mott, J.J. & McLean, R.W. (1989). Evaluation of management options for increasing the productivity of tropical savanna pastures. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 29: 631-634.
    • (1989) Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture , vol.29 , pp. 631-634
    • Winter, W.H.1    Mott, J.J.2    McLean, R.W.3
  • 154
    • 0016863982 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the soil loss equations cover and management factor for undisturbed areas
    • Mississippi: United States Department of Agriculture, ARS-S-40. 130 pp.
    • Wischmeier, W.H. (1975). Estimating the soil loss equations cover and management factor for undisturbed areas. In: Proceedings Sediment-yield workshop, Oxford, pp. 118-124. Mississippi: United States Department of Agriculture, ARS-S-40. 130 pp.
    • (1975) Proceedings Sediment-yield Workshop, Oxford , pp. 118-124
    • Wischmeier, W.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.