Soil-water utilisation and sustainability in a semi-arid grassland

Water SA

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 333-341

  Snyman, H A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GRASSLAND; SEMIARID REGION; SOIL WATER; SUSTAINABILITY;

EID: 0033861192     PISSN: 03784738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. rd edn). Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 57. 146 pp.
2. BENNIE ATP (1991) Volhoubare Landbou in die Halfdroë Gebiede van Suid-Afrika: Die Bydrae van Grondkunde. Inaugural Address, Univ. of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein. 26 pp.
3. BENNIE ATP, STRYDOM MG and VREY HS (1997) Use of Computer Models for Agricultural Water Management on Ecotype Level. Water Research Commission Report 625/1/97. Pretoria. 250pp.
4. BENNIE ATP, HOFFMAN JE, COETZEE MJ and VERY HS (1994) Opgaring en Benutting van Reënwater in Grond vir die Stabilisering van Plantproduksie in Halfdroë Gebiede. Water Research Commission Report 227/1/94. Pretoria. 159 pp.
5. BREDENKAMP G and VAN ROOYEN N (1996) Dry Sandy Highveld Grassland. In: Low AB and Rebelo AG (eds.) Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Dept. Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. 85 pp.
6. DE WAAL HO (1990) Animal production from native pasture (veld) in the Free State Region - A perspective of the grazing ruminant. S. Afr. J. Animal Sci. 20 (1) 1-9.
7. DU PREEZ CC and SNYMAN HA (1993) Organic matter content of a soil in a semi-arid climate with three long-standing veld conditions. Afr. J. Range and Forage Sci. 10 (2) 108-110.
8. FISCHER RA and TURNER NC (1978) Plant productivity in the arid and semi-arid zone. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29 277-317.
9. FORAN BD, TAINTON NM and BOOYSEN Pde V (1978) The development of a method for assessing veld condition in three grassveld types in Natal. Proc. Grassland Soc. of S. Afr. 13 27-34.
10. FOURIE JH and DU TOIT PF (1983) Weidingstudie in die Vrystaatstreek: Die bepaling van veldtoestand. Glen Agric 12 (1) 5-9.
11. FOURIE JH and VISAGIE AFJ (1985) Weidingswaarde en ekologiese status van grasse en karoobossies in die Vrystaatstreek. Glen Agric 14 (1 & 2) 14-18.
12. HILLEL D (ed.) (1971) Soil and Water. Physical Principles and Processes. Academic Press, New York. 310 pp.
13. LE HOUÉROU HN (1984) Rain use efficiency: A unifying concept in arid-land ecology. J. Arid Environ. 7 213-247.
14. MOORE AC (1990) Sekere Fenologiese en Fisiologiese Reaksies van Themeda triandra op Verskillende Ontblaringskedules. M.Sc.Thesis, Univ. for CHE, Potchefstroom. 77 pp.
15. MOSTERT JWC (1958) Studies of the vegetation of parts of the Bloemfontein and Brandfort districts. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 31 1-226.
16. O'CONNOR TG and BREDENKAMP GJ (1997) Grassland. In: Cowling RM, Richardson DM and Pierce SM (eds.) Vegetation of Southern Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 615 pp.
17. OOSTHUIZEN IB and SNYMAN HA (1999) The influence of waterstress on the growth reserves of Themeda triandra in the semi-arid grasslands of South Africa. Proc. VI Int. Rangeland Congress, Townsville, Australia. 1 209.
18. POTTS G (1923) The plant succession in the Orange Free State and the need for maintaining a covering of vegetation. S. Afr. J. Sci. 20 196-201.
19. SCHOLES RJ and WALKER BH (1993) An African Savanna: Synthesis of the Nylsvlei Study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 306 pp.
20. SCHULZE ER (1979) Climate of South Africa. Part 8. General Survey. Weather Bureau, Pretoria. 158 pp.
21. SNYMAN HA (1988) Measuring water-use efficiency from rangeland in the Central Grassveld from evapotranspiration. Water SA 14 (3) 153-158.
22. SNYMAN HA (1993) The effect of defoliation during wilting on the production of Themeda triandra and Eragrostis lehmanniana in semi-arid grassland. Afr. J. Range Forage Sci. 10 (3) 113-117.
23. SNYMAN HA (1994) Evapotranspiration, water-use efficiency and quality of six dryland planted pasture species and natural vegetation, in a semi-arid rangeland. Afr. J. Range Forage Sci. 11 (3) 82-88.
24. SNYMAN HA (1997a) The influence of range condition on the hydrological characteristics in a semi-arid rangeland. In: Proc. VII Int. Grassland Congress, Winnipeg, Canada. 2 (23) 1-2.
25. SNYMAN HA (1997b) Sustainable Utilization of the Grassland Ecosystem. Inaugural address. Univ. of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein. 25 pp.
26. SNYMAN HA (1998) Dynamics and sustainable utilization of the rangeland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid climates of southern Africa. J. Arid Environ. 9 (4) 645-666.
27. SNYMAN HA (1999a) Soil erosion and conservation. In: Tainton NM (ed.) Veld Management in South Africa. University of Natal Press, Scottsville, South Africa. 355-380.
28. SNYMAN HA (1999b) Short-term effect of soil-water, defoliation and rangeland condition on productivity of a semi-arid rangeland in South Africa. J. Arid Environ. 43 (1) 47-62.
29. SNYMAN HA and FOUCHé HJ (1991) Production and water-use efficiency of semi-arid grasslands of South Africa as affected by veld condition and rainfall. Water SA 17 (4) 263-268.
30. SNYMAN HA and OOSTHUIZEN IB (1999) Rangeland and soil condition: Their effects on productivity in a semi-arid climate in South Africa. In: Proc. VI Int. Rangeland Congress, Townsville, Australia . 1 211-212.
31. SNYMAN HA, OPPERMAN DPJ and VAN DEN BERG JA (1980) Hydrological cycle and water-use efficiency in rangeland in different conditions. In: Proc. Grassland Soc. South. Afr. 15 69-72.
32. SNYMAN HA, VENTER WD, VAN RENSBURG WLJ and OPPERMAN DPJ (1987) Ranking of grass species according to visible wilting order and rate of recovery in the Central Orange Free State. J. Grassland Soc. South. Afr. 4 (2) 78-81.
33. SOIL CLASSIFICATION WORKING GROUP (1991) Soil Classification: A Taxonomic System for South Africa. Department of Agriculture Development, Pretoria. 262 pp.
34. TAINTON NM (1981) Growth and defoliation of veld and pasture plants and swards. In: Tainton NM (ed.) Veld and Pasture Management in South Africa. Shuter & Shooter, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. 215-239.
35. TECHNICON (1977) Individual/simultaneous determination of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in BD acid digests. Industrial Method No. 334-374. W/B Technicon Industrial Systems, Tarrytown, New York.
36. VANDE VIJVER CADM (1999) Fire and Life in Tarangire: Effects of Burning and Herbivory on an East African Savanna System. Ph.D.Thesis, Wageningen Univ., The Netherlands.
37. VAN DEN BERG JA, ROBERTS BR and VORSTER LF (1975) The effect of seasonal grazing on the cover and composition of Cymbopogon-Themeda veld. Proc. Grassland Soc. South. Afr. 10 111-117.
38. WALKER BH (1970) An evaluation of eight methods of botanical analyses on grasslands in Rhodesia. J. of Appl. Ecol. 7 403-416.
39. WINER BJ (1974) Statistical Principles in Experimental Design. McGraw-Hill, London. 216-218.