The Molecular Anatomy of Integrins

Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology

Volumn 28, Issue C, 1999, Pages 3-26

  Green, Linda J ^a   Humphries, Martin J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001784492     PISSN: 15692558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1569-2558(08)60042-9     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Akiyama S.K., Yamada S.S., Chen W.T., and Yamada K.M. Analysis of migration, matrix assembly, and cytoskeletal organization. J. Cell Biol. 109 (1989) 863-875
2. Altruda F., Cervella P., Tarone G., Botta C., Balzac F., Stefanuto G., and Silengo L. A human integrin beta 1 subunit with a unique cytoplasmic domain generated by alternative. mRNA processing. Gene 95 (1990) 261-266
3. Aota S., Nomizu M., and Yamada K.M. The short amino acid sequence Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn in human frbronectin enhances. cell-adhesive function. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 24756-24761
4. Baker E.K., Tozer E.C., Pfaff M., Shattil S.J., Loftus J., and Ginsberg M.L.H. A genetic analysis of integrin function: Glanzmannthrombasthenia in vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (1997) 1973-1978
5. Bajt M.L., Goodman T., and McGuire S.L. Beta 2 (CD18) mutations abolish ligand recognition by I domain integrins. LFA -1 (alpha L beta 2,CDlla/CD18) and MAC -1 (alpha M beta 2, CD 11 b / CD18). J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 94-98
6. Bajt M.L., and Loftus J.C. Mutation of a ligand binding domain of beta 3 integrin. Integral role of oxygenated residues in alpha lib beta 3 (GPIIb-IIIa) receptor function. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 20913-20919
7. Balzac F., Belkin A.M., Koteliansky V.E., Balabanov Y.V., Altruda F., Silengo L., and Tarone G. Expression and functional analysis of a cytoplasmic domain variant of the beta 1 integrin subunit. J. Cell Biol. 121 (1993) 171-178
8. Bazzoni G., Shih D.-T., Buck C.A., and Hemler M.E. Monoclonal antibody 9EG7 defines a novel beta 1 integrin epitope induced by soluble ligand and manganese, but inhibited by calcium. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 25570-25577
9. Bowditch R.D., Hariharan M., Tominna E.F., Smith J.W., Yamada K.M., Getzoff E.D., and Ginsberg M.H. Identification of a novel integrin binding site in fibronectin. Differential utilization by beta 3 integrins. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 10856-10863
10. Calvete J.J., Henschen A., and Gonzalez-Rodriguez J. Assignment of disulfide bonds in human platelet GPIIIa. A disulfide pattern for the beta- subunits of the integrin family. Biochem. J. 274 (1991) 63-71
11. Chen Y.P., Djaffar L., Pidard D., Steiner B., Cieutat A.M., Caen J.P., and Rosa J.P. Ser-752 → Pro mutation in the cytoplasmic domain of integrin beta 3 subunit and defective activation of platelet integrin alpha lib beta 3 (glycoprotein IIb - IlIa) in a variant of. Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89 (1992) 10169-10173
12. Chen Y.-P., O'Toole T.E., Shipley T., Forsyth J., LaFlamme S.E., Yamada K.M., Shattil S.J., and Ginsberg M.H. "Inside-out" signal transduction inhibited by isolated integrin cytoplasmic domains. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 18307-18310
13. Cooper H.M., Tamura R.N., and Quaranta V. The major laminin receptor of mouse embryonic stem cells is a novel isoform of. the: alpha 6 beta 1 integrin. J. Cell Biol. 115 (1991) 843-850
14. Coppolino M., Leung-Hagesteijn C., Dedhar S., and Wilkins J. Inducible interaction of integrin alpha 2 beta 1 with calreticulin. Dependence on the activation state of the integrin. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 23132-23138
15. Dedhar S., and Hannigan G.E. Integrin cytoplasmic interactions and bidirectional transmembrane signaling. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8 (1996) 657-669
16. Diamond M.S., Bickford J., Garcia-Aguilar J.K., Corbi A.L., and Springer T.A. The I domain is a major recognition site on the leukocyte integrin Mac - 1 (CD1 lb / CD 18) for four distinct adhesion ligands. J. Cell Biol. 120 (1993) 1031-1043
17. D'Souza S.E., Ginsberg M.H., Burke T.A., and Plow E.F. The ligand binding site of the platelet integrin receptor GPIIb-IIIa is proximal to the second calcium binding domain of its alpha subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 3440-3446
18. D'Souza S.E., Ginsberg M.H., Lam S.C.T., and Plow E.F. Chemical crosslinking of arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid peptides to an adhesion receptor on platelets. J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 3943-3951
19. D'Souza S.E., Haas T.A., Piotrowicz R.S., Byers-Ward V., McGrath D.E., Soule H.R., Cierniewski C., Plow E.F., and Smith J.W. Ligand and cation binding are dual functions of a discrete segment of the integrin beta 3 subunit: cation displacement is involved in ligand binding. Cell 79 (1994) 659-667
20. Du X., Gu M., Weisel J.W., Nagaswami C., Bennett J.S., Bowditch R., and Ginsberg M.H. Long range propagation of conformational changes in integrin alpha lib beta 3. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 23087-23092
21. Dufour S., Duband J.L., Humphries M.J., Obara M., Yamada K.M., and Thiery J.P. Attachment, spreading and locomotion of avian neural crest cells are mediated by multiple adhesion sites on fibronectin molecules. EMBO J. 7 (1988) 2661-2671
22. 2 alpha 2(IV). EMBO J. 12 (1993) 4795-4802
23. Eigenthaler M., Hofferer L., Shattil S.J., and Ginsberg M.H. A conserved sequence motif in the integrin beta 3 cytoplasmic domain is required for its specific interaction with beta. 3 endonexin. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 7693-7698
24. Faull R.J., and Ginsberg M.H. Dynamic regulation of integrins. Stem Cells (Dayton) 13 (1995) 38-46
25. Faull R.J., Wang J., Leavesley D.I., Puzon W., Russ G.R., Vestweber D., and Takada Y. A novel activating anti-beta 1 integrin monoclonal antibody binds to the cysteine-rich repeats in the beta. 1 chain. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 25099-25106
26. Giancotti F.G., Stepp M.A., Suzuki S., Engvall E., and Ruoslahti E. Proteolytic processing of endogenous and recombinant beta 4 integrin subunit. J. Cell Biol. 118 (1992) 951-959
27. Ginsberg M.H., Du X., and Plow E.F. Inside-out integrin signaling. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 4 (1992) 766-771
28. Goodman T.G., and Bajt M.L. Identifying the putative metal ion-dependent adhesion site in the beta 2 (CD18) subunit required for alpha L beta 2 and. alpha M beta 2 ligand interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 23729-23736
29. Gulino D., Boudignon C., Zhang L., Concord E., Rabiet M.J., and Marguerie G. Calcium-binding properties of the platelet glycoprotein lib. ligand-interacting domain. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 1001-1007
30. Hannigan G.E., Leung-Hagesteijn C., Coppolino L., Fitz-Gibbon M.G., Radeva G., Filmus J., Bell J.C., and Dedhar S. Regulation of cell adhesion and anchorage-dependent growth by anew beta-integrin-linked protein kinase. Nature (London) 379 (1996) 9196
31. Hayashi Y., Haimovich B., Reszka A., Boettiger D., and Horwitz A. Expression and function of chicken integrin beta 1 subunit and its cytoplasmic domain mutants in mouse. NIH 3T3 cells. J. Cell Biol. 110 (1990) 175-184
32. Hibbs M.L., Xu H., Stacker S.A., and Springer T.A. Regulation of adhesion to ICAM -1 by the cytoplasmic domain of LFA- 1 integrin beta subunit. Science 251 (1991) 1611-1613
33. Honda S., Tomiyama Y., Pelletier A.J., Anris D., Honda Y., Orchekowski R., Ruggeri Z., and Kunicki T.J. Topography of ligand-induced binding sites, including a novel cation-sensitive epitope (AP5) at the amino terminus, of the human integrin beta. 3 subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 11947-11954
34. Hotchin N.A., and Hall A. The assembly of integrin adhesion complexes requires both extracellular matrix and intracellular. Rho/rac GTPases. J. Cell Biol. 131 (1995) 1857-1865
35. Hughes P.E., Leong F., Diaz-Gonzalez L., Wu C., McDonald J.A., Shattil S.J., and Ginsberg M.H. Breaking the integrin hinge. A defined structural constraint regulates integrin signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 6571-6574
36. Hughes P.E., O'Toole T.E., Ylanne J., Shattil S.J., and Gingsberg M.H. The conserved membrane-proximal region of an integrin cytoplasmic domain specifies ligand binding affinity. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 12411-12417
37. Humphries M.J. The molecular basis and specificity of integrin. -ligand interactions. J. Cell Sci. 97 (1990) 585-592
38. Humphries M.J. Integrin activation: the link between ligand binding and signal transduction. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8 (1996) 632-640
39. Hynes R.O. Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 69 (1992) 11-25
40. Irie A., Kamata T., Puzon-McLaughlin W., and Takada Y. Critical amino acid residues for ligand binding are clustered in a predicted beta-turn of the third N-terminal repeat in the integrin alpha 4 and alpha. 5 subunits. Embo J. 14 (1995) 5550-5556
41. Jones E.Y., Harlos K., Bottomley M.J., Robinson R.C., Driscoll P.C., Edwards R.M., Clements J.M., Dudgeon T.J., and Stuart D.I. Crystal structure of an integrin -binding fragment of vascular cell adhesion molecule. -1 at 1. ANG. resolution. Nature (London) 373 (1995) 539-544
42. Juliano R.L., and Haskill S. Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. J. Cell Biol. 120 (1993) 577-585
43. Kamata T., Irie A., Tokuhira M., and Takada Y. Critical residues of integrin alpha lib subunit for binding of alphallb beta 3 (glycoprotein lib -Ilia) to fibrinogen and. Iigand-mimetic antibodies (PAC-l,OP-G2, and LJ-CP3). J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 18610-18615
44. Kamata T., Puzon W., and Takada Y. Identification of putative ligand-binding sites of the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA -4, C])49d / CD29). Biochem. J. 305 (1995) 945-951
45. Kassner P.D., and Hemler M.E. Interchangeable alpha chain cytoplasmic domains play a positive role in control of cell adhesion mediated by VLA -4, a beta 1 integrin. J Exp. Med. 178 (1993) 649-660
46. Kawaguchi S., and Hemler M.E. Role of the alpha subunit cytoplasmic domain in regulation of adhesive activity mediated by the integrin. VLA -2. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 16279-16285
47. Kern A., Eble J., Golbik R., and Ksühn K. Interaction of type IV collagen with the isolated integrins alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1. Eur. J. Biochem. 215 (1993) 151-159
48. Komoriya A., Green L.J., Mervic M., Yamada S.S., Yamada K.M., and Humphries M.J. The minimal essential sequence for a major cell type-specific adhesion site (CS1) within the alternatively spliced type III connecting segment domain of fibronectin is Ieucine-aspartic acid-valine. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 15075-15079
49. Kramer R.H., Vu M.P., Yao-Ramos F., Cheng D.M., Timp R., and Waleh N. Laminin-binding integrin alpha 7 beta 1: functional characterization and expression in normal and malignant melanocytes. Cell Regul. 2 (1991) 805-817
50. Kretsinger R.H., and Nockolds C.E. Carp muscle calcium-binding protein 11: Structure determination and general description. J. Biol. Chem. 248 (1973) 3313-3326
51. Kiihn K., and Eble J. The structural bases of integrin. -ligand interactions. Trends Cell Biol. 4 (1994) 256-261
52. Lee J., Rieu O., Arnaout P.M.A., and Liddington R. Crystal structure of the A domain from the alpha subunit of integrin CR3 (CD 11 b / CD18). Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 80 (1995) 631-638
53. Lee J.-O., Bankston L.A., Arnaout M.A., and Liddington R.C. Two conformations of the integrin A-domain (I-domain): a pathway for activation?. Structure (London) 3 (1995) 1333-1340
54. Loftus J.C., Halloran C.E., Ginsberg M.H., Feigen L.P., Zablocki J.A., and Smith J.W. The amino-terminal one-third of alpha lib defines the ligand recognition specificity of integrin alpha lib beta 3. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 2033-2039
55. Loftus J.C., O'Toole T.E., Plow E.F., Glass A., Frelinger A.L., and Ginsberg M.H. A beta 3 integrin mutation abolishes ligand binding and alters divalent. cation-dependent conformation. Science 249 (1990) 915-918
56. Loftus J.C., Smith J.W., and Ginsberg M.H. Integrin-mediated cell adhesion: The extracellular Face. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 25235-25238
57. Main A.L., Harvey T.S., Baron M., Boyd J., and Campbell I.D. The three-dimensional structure of the tenth type III module of fibronectin: an insight into RGD mediated interactions. Cell (Cambridge, Mass.) 71 (1992) 671-678
58. Masumoto A., and Hemler M.E. Mutation of putative divalent cation sites in the alpha4 subunit of the integrin VLA -4: Distinct effects on adhesion to CS1 / fibronectin, VCAM -1, and Invasin. J. Cell Biol. 123 (1993) 245-253
59. Michishita M., Videm V., and Arnaout M.A. A novel divalent cation-binding site in the A domain of the beta 2 integrin CR3 (CD11b / CD 18) is essential for ligand binding. Cell 72 (1993) 857-867
60. Mould A.P. Getting integrins into shape: recent insights into how integrin activity is regulated by conformational changes. J. Cell Sci. 109 (1996) 2613-2618
61. 2+. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 26270-26277
62. Mould A.P., Akiyama S.K., and Humphries M.J. The inhibitory anti-beta 1 integrin monoclonal antibody 13 recognizes an epitope that is attenuated by ligand occupancy. Evidence for allosteric inhibition of integrin function. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 20365-20374
63. Mould A.P., Askari J.A., Aota S., Yamada K.M., Irie A., Takada Y., Mardon H., and Humphries M.J. Defining the topololgy of integrin alpha 5 beta 1-fibronectin interactions using inhibitory anti-alpha 5 and anti-beta 1 monoclonal antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 17283-17292
64. Mould A.P., Garratt A.N., Askari J.A., Akiyama S.K., and Humphries M.J. Regulation of integrin alpha 5 beta 1 function by anti-integrin antibodies and divalent cations. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23 (1995) 395S
65. Mould A.P., Garratt A.N., Askari J.A., Akiyama S.K., and Humphries M.J. Identification of a novel anti- integrin monoclonal antibody that recognizes a ligand-induced binding site epitope on the beta 1 subunit. FEBS Lett. 363 (1995) 118-122
66. Mould A.P., and Humphries M.J. Identification of anovel recognition sequence for the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 in the carboxy-terminal heparin- binding domain of fibronectin. Embo J. 10 (1991) 4089-4095
67. Mould A.P., Komoriya A., Yamada K.M., and Humphries M.J. The CS5 eptide is asecond site in the IOCS region of fibronectin recognized by the integrin alpha 4 beta 1. Inhibition of alpha 4 beta 1 function by RGD peptide homologs. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 3579-3585
68. Nermut M.V., Green N.M., Eason P., Yamada S.S., and Yamada K.M. Electron microscopy and structural model of human fibronectin receptor. Embo J. 7 (1988) 4093-4099
69. Newham P., Craig S.E., Clark K., Mould A.P., and Humphries M.J. Analysis of ligand-induced and ligand-attenuatedepitopes on the leukocyte integrin alpha4 beta 1: VCAM-1, Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, and Fibronectin induce distinct conformational changes. J. Immunol 160 (1998) 4508-4517
70. Newham P., Craig S.E., Seddon G.N., Schofield N.R., Rees A., Edwards R.M., Jones E.Y., and Humphries M.J. Alpha 4 integrin binding interfaces on VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1: Integrin binding footprints identify accessory binding sites that play a role in integrin specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 19429-19440
71. Newham P., and Humphries M.J. Integrin adhesion receptors: structure, function and implications for biomedicine. Mol. Med. Today 2 (1996) 304-313
72. Nobes C.D., and Hall A. Rho, rac and cdc42 GTPases regulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes associated with actin stress fibres, lamellipodia, and filopodia. Cell 81 (1995) 53-62
73. O'Toole T.E., Katagiri Y., Faull R.J., Peter K., Tamura R., Quaranta V., Loftus J.C., Shattil S.J., and Ginsberg M.H. Integrin cytoplasmic domains mediate inside-out signal transduction. J. Cell Biol. 124 (1994) 1047-1059
74. O'Toole T.E., Mandelman D., Forsyth J., Shattil S.J., Plow E.F., and Ginsberg M.H. Modulation of the affinity of integrin alpha lib beta 3 (GPIIb-IIIa) by the cytoplasmic domain of alpha lib. Science 254 (1991) 845-847
75. O'Toole T.E., Ylanne J., and Culley B.M. Regulation of integrin affinity states through an NPXY motif in the beta subunit cytoplasmic domain. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 8553-8558
76. Pierschbacher M.D., and Ruoslahti E. Variants of the cell recognition site of fibronectin that retain. attachment-promoting activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81 (1984) 5985-5988
77. Puzon-McLaughlin W., and Takada Y. Critical residues for ligand binding in an I domain-like structure of the integrin beta. 1 subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 20438-20443
78. Yednock W., Puzon-McLaughlin T.A., and Takada Y. Regulation of conformation and ligand binding function of integrin alpha 5 beta 1 by the beta. 1 cytoplasmic domain. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 16580-16585
79. Randi A.M., and Hogg N. I Domain of beta 2 Integrin Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 Contains a Binding Site for Ligand Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 12395-12398
80. Rojiani M.V., Finlay B.B., Gray V., and Dedhar S. In vitro interaction of a polypeptide homologous to human Ro/SS-A antigen (calreticulin) with a highly conserved amino acid sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of integrin alpha subunits. Biochemistry 30 (1991) 9859-9866
81. Sastry S.K., and Horwitz A.F. Integrin cytoplasmic domains: Mediators of cytoskeletal linkages and extra- and intracellular initiated transmembrane signaling. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5 (1993) 819-831
82. Shattil S.J., O'Toole T., Eigenthaler M., Thon V., Williams M., Babior B.M., and Ginsberg M.H. Beta 3-Endonexin, a novel polypeptide that interacts specifically with the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin. beta3 subunit. J. Cell Biol. 131 (1995) 807-816
83. Smith J.W., and Cheresh D.A. Labeling of integrin alpha v beta3 with cobalt-58(III). Evidence of metal ion coordination sphere involvement in ligand binding. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 11429-11432
84. Smith J.W., and Cheresh D.A. Integrin (alpha v beta 3)-ligand interaction. Identification of a heterodimeric RGD binding site on the vitronectin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 2168-2172
85. Smith J.W., and Cheresh D.A. The Arg - Gly - Asp binding domain of the vitronectin receptor. Photoaffinity cross-linking implicates amino acid residues 61-203 of the beta subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 18726-18731
86. Smith J.W., Piotrowicz R.S., and Mathis D. A mechanism for divalent cation regulation of beta 3-integrins. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 960-967
87. Sonnenberg A. Integrins and their ligands. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 184 (1993) 7-35
88. Springer T.A. Folding of the N-terminal, ligand-binding region of integrin alpha-subunits into a beta-propeller domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94 (1997) 65-72
89. Stanley P., Bates P.A., Harvey J., Bennett R.I., and Hogg N. Integrin LFA-1. alpha subunit contains an ICAM -1 binding site in domains V and VI. Embo J. 13 (1994) 1790-1798
90. Strynadka N.C.J., and James M.N.G. Crystal structures of the helix-loop-helix calcium binding proteins. Annul Rev. Biochem. 58 (1989) 951-998
91. Takada Y., and Puzon W. Identification of a regulatory region of integrin beta 1 subunit using activating and inhibiting antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 17597-17601
92. Tamura R.N., Cooper H.M., Collo G., and Quaranta V. Cell type-specific integrin variants with alternative alpha chain cytoplasmic domains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88 (1991) 10183-10187
93. Tamura R.N., Rozzo C., Starr L., Chambers J., Reichardt L.F., Cooper H.M., and Quaranta V. Epithelial integrin alpha 6 beta 4: complete primary structure of alpha 6 and variant forms of beta 4. J. Cell Biol. Ill (1990) 1593-1604
94. Teixido J., Parker C.M., Kassner P.D., and Hemler M.E. Functional and structural analysis of VLA -4 integrin alpha4 subunit cleavage. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 1786-1791
95. Tozer E.C., Liddington R.C., Sutcliffe M.J., Smeeton A.H., and Loftus J.C. Ligand binding to integrin alpha lib beta 3 is dependent on a MIDAS-like domain in the beta 3 subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 21978-21984
96. Tuckwell D.S., Brass A., and Humphries M.J. Homology modeling of integrin EF-hands. Evidence for widespread use of a conserved cation-binding site. Biochem. J. 285 (1992) 325-331
97. Tuckwell D., Calderwood D.A., Green L.J., and Humphries M.J. Integrin alpha21-domain is a binding site for collagens. J. Cell Sci. 108 (1995) 1629-1637
98. Tuckwell D.S., and Humphries M.J. A structure prediction for the ligand-binding region of the integrin beta subunit: evidence for the presence of a von. Willebrand factor A domain. FEBS Lett. 400 (1997) 297-303
99. Tuckwell D.S., Humphries M.J., and Brass A. A secondary structure model of the integrin alpha subunit N-terminal domain based on analysis of multiple alignments. Cell Adhes. Commun. 2 (1994) 385-402
100. Ueda T., Rieu P., Brayer J., and Arnaout M.A. Identification of the complement iC3b binding site in the beta2 integrin CR3(CDllb/CD18). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 91 (1994) 10680-10684
101. van Kuppervelt T.H., Languino L.R., Gailit J.O., Suzuki S., and Ruoslahti E. An alternative cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta 3 subunit. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (1989) 5415-5418
102. Williams M.J., Hughes P.E., O'Toole T.E., and Ginsberg M.H. The inner world of cell adhesion: Integrin cytoplasmic domains. Trends Cell Biol. 4 (1994) 109-112
103. Yamada K.M., and Kennedy D.W. Amino acid sequence specificities of an adhesive recognition signal. J. Cell. Biochem. 28 (1985) 99-104
104. Yamada K.-M., and Kennedy D.W. Dualistic nature of adhesive protein function: fibronectin and its biologically active peptide fragments can autoinhibit fibronectin function. J. Cell Biol. 99 (1984) 29-36
105. Zhang Z., Vuori K., Hong-Reed G., Wang J.C., and Ruoslahti E. Integrin activation by. R-ras. Cell 85 (1996) 61-69
106. Zhou L., Lee D.H.S., Plescia J., Lau C.Y., and Altieri D.C. Differential ligand binding specificitiesofrecombinantCDllb/CD18integrinI-domain. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 17075-17079