Effect of Fasting on the Content of Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone and its mRNA in the Central Nervous System and Pyroglutamyl Peptidase II Activity in the Anterior Pituitary of Post-Weaned and Adult Rats

Nutritional Neuroscience

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 255-265

  De Gortari, P ^a,b   Gonzalez Alzati M E ^b,c   Cisneros, M ^c   Joseph Bravo, P ^a,c  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PSIQUIATRÍA RAMÓN DE LA FUENTE MUÑIZ   (Mexico)

^b UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA   (Mexico)

^c INSTITUTO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Fasting; Limbic areas; Malnutrition; Prepuber; Pyroglutamyl peptidase II; TRH

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; RATTUS NORVEGICUS;

EID: 0001489855     PISSN: 1028415X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2000.11747323     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Bauer, K. (1976) Regulation of degradation of thyrotropin releasing hormone by thyroid hormones. Nature 259, 591-593.
2. Bauer, K. (1987) Adenohypophyseal degradation of thyrotropin releasing hormone regulated by thyroid hormones. Nature 330, 375-377.
3. Bauer, K. (1988) Degradation and biological inactivation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Regulation of the membrane bound TRH-degrading enzyme from rat anterior pituitary by estrogens and thyroid hormones. Biochimie (Paris) 70, 69-74.
4. Blake, N.G., Eckland, D.J.A., Foster, O.J.F. and Lightman, S.L. (1991) Inhibition of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid during food deprivation. Endocrinology 129, 2714-2718.
5. Brady, L.S., Smith, M.A., Gold, P.W. and Herkenham, M. (1990) Altered expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNAs in food-restricted and food-deprived rats. Neuroendocrinology 52, 441-447.
6. Campbell, G.A., Kurcz, M., Marshall, S. and Meites, J. (1977) Effects of starvation in rats on serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyrotropin, growth hormone and prolactin; response to LH-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 100, 580-587.
7. Calzá, L., Giardino, L., Ceccatelli, S., Zanni, M., Elde, R. and Hokfelt, T. (1992) Distribution of thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor messenger RNA in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study. Neuroscience 51, 891-909.
8. Charli, J.L., Vargas, M.A., Cisneros, M., de Gortari, P., Baeza, A., Jasso, P., Bourdais, J., Pérez, L., Uribe, R.M. and Joseph-Bravo, P. (1998) TRH inactivation in the extra-cellular compartment: role of pyroglutamyl peptidase II. Neurobiology 6, 45-57.
9. Chiu, S.C. (1983) Effects of prolonged administration of thyrotropin on serum concentration, release and synthesis of thyroid hormones in mice. Acta Endocrinologica (Copenh) 103, 68-75.
10. Chomczynski, P. and Sacchi, N. (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162, 156-159.
11. Cizza, G., Brady, L.S., Pacak, K., Blackman, M.R., Gold, P. and Chorusos, G.P. (1995) Stress-induced inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is attenuated in the aged Fischer 344/N male rats. Neuroendocrinology 62, 506-513.
12. Cohen 3rd, J.H., Alex, S., DeVito, W.J., Braverman, L.E. and Emerson, L.H. (1989) Fasting-associated changes in serum thyrotropin in the rat are influenced by gender. Endocrinology 124, 3025-3029.
13. De Gortari, P., Fernández-Guardiola, A., Cisneros, M., Martínez, A. and Joseph-Bravo, P. (1995) Changes in TRH and its degrading enzyme pyroglutamyl peptidase II during the development of amygdaloid kindling. Brain Res. 679, 144-150.
14. De Gortari, P., Joseph-Bravo, P., Monroy-Ruiz, J., Martínez, A., Cisneros, M. and Fernández-Guardiola, A. (1998) Brain thyrotropin-releasing hormone content varies through amygdaloid kindling development according to after-discharge frequency and propagation. Epilepsia 39, 897-903.
15. Drust, E.G. and Crawford, I.L. (1983) Comparison of the effects of TRH and D-Ala-2-metenkephalinamide on hippocampal electrical activity and behavior in the unanesthetized rat. Peptides 4, 239-243.
16. Dubuc, P.U., Wilden, N.J. and Carlisle, H.J. (1985) Feed and fasting thermoregulation in ob/ob mice. Annual Nutrition Metabolism 29, 358-365.
17. Dyess, E.M., Segerson, T.P. and Liposits, Z. (1988) Triiodothyronine exerts direct cell-specific regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Endocrinology 123, 2291-2297.
18. Haisenleder, D.J., Ortolano, G.A., Dalkin, A.C., Yasin, M. and Marshall, J.C. (1992) Differential actions of thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone pulses in the expression of prolactin and TSH subunit messenger ribonucleic acid in rat pituitary cells in vitro. Endocrinology 130, 2917-2923.
19. Harris, A.R.G., Fang, S.L., Azizi, F., Lipwort, L.I., Vagenakis, A.G. and Braverman, L.E. (1978) Effect of starvation on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function in the rat. Metabolism 27, 1074-1083.
20. Heuer, H., Schaffer, M.K.H. and Bauer, K. (1998) The thyrotropin releasing hormone degrading ectoenzyme: the third element of the thyrotropin-releasing-hormone-signaling system. Thyroid 8, 915-920.
21. Horita, A., Carino, M.A., Zabawska, J. and Lai, H. (1989) TRH analog MK-771 reverses neurochemical and learning deficits in medial septal-lesioned rats. Peptides 10, 121-124.
22. Huang, X.F., Koutcherov, I., Lin, S., Wang, H.Q. and Storlien, L. (1996) Localization of leptin receptor mRNA expression in mouse brain. Neuroreport 7, 2635-2638.
23. Jacobson, L., Zurakowski, D. and Majzoub, J.A. (1997) Protein malnutrition increases plasma adrenocorticotropin and anterior pituitary proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat. Endocrinology 138, 1048-1057.
24. Joseph-Bravo, P., Charli, J.L., Palacios, M. and Kordon, C. (1979) Effect of neurotransmitters on the in vitro release of immunoreactive thyrotropin releasing hormone from rat mediobasal hypothalamus. Endocrinology 104, 801-806.
25. Joseph-Bravo, P., Uribe, R.M., Vargas, M.A., Pérez-Martínez, L., Zoeller, R.T. and Charli, J.L. (1998) Multifactorial modulation of TRH metabolism. Cell and Molecular Neurobiology 18, 231-247.
26. Kakucska, I., Qi, Y. and Lechan, R.M. (1995) Changes in adrenal status affect hypothalamic TRH gene expression in parallel with CRH. Endocrinology 136, 2795-2808.
27. Kakucska, I., Rand, W. and Lechan, R.M. (1992) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is dependent upon feedback regulation by triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Endocrinology 130, 2845-2850.
28. Kalra, S., Dube, M.G., Pu, S., Xu, B., Horvath, T.L. and Kalra, P.S. (1999) Interacting appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight. Endocrine Reviews 20, 68-100.
29. Karydis, I. and Tolis, G. (1998) Orexis, anorexia, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Thyroid 8, 947-950.
30. Kohrle, J. (1990) Thyrotropin (TSH) action on thyroid hormone deiodination and secretion: one aspect of thyrotropin regulation of thyroid cell biology. Horm. Metab. Res. Suppl. 23, 18-28.
31. Krowicki, Z.K. and Hornby, P.J. (1995). Hindbrain neuroactive substances controlling gastrointestinal function. In: Gaginella T.S. (Ed.), Regulatory Mechanisms in Gastrointestinal Function, CRC, Boca Ratón, FL, pp. 277-319.
32. Lax, P., Larue-Achagoitis, C., Martel, P., Madrid, J.A. and Verger, P. (1998) Repeated short-fasting modifies the macro-nutrient self-selection pattern in rats. Physiol. Behav. 65, 69-76.
33. Lechan, R.M., Wu, P., Jackson, I.M.D., Wolf, H., Cooperman, S., Mandel, G. and Goodman, R.H. (1986) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone precursor: characterization in rat brain. Science 231, 159-161.
34. Legradi, G., Emerson, C.H., Ahima, R.S., Flier, J.S. and Lechan, R.M. (1997) Leptin prevents fasting-induced suppression of prothyrotropin-releasing-hormone messenger ribonucleic acid in neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Endocrinology 138, 2569-2576.
35. Legradi, G., Emerson, C.H., Ahima, R.S., Rand, W.M., Flier, J.S. and Lechan, R.M. (1998) Arcuate nucleus ablation prevents fasting-induced suppression of pro-TRH mRNA in the hypothalamic PVN. Neuroendocrinology 68, 89-97.
36. Legradi, G. and Lechan, R.M. (1998) The arcuate nucleus is the major source for neuropeptide Y-innervation of TRH neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Endocrinology 139, 3262-3270.
37. Legradi, G. and Lechan, R.M. (1999). Agouti-related protein containing nerve terminals innervate thyrotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Endocrinology 140, 3643-3652.
38. Lehnert, H., Nink, M., Mann, K., Rôschke, J. and Hellhammer, D.H. (1993) Extrapituitary effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Neuropsychobiology 28, 54-61.
39. Lesem, M.D., Kaye, W.H., Bissette, G., Jimerson, D.C. and Nemeroff, C.B. (1994) Cerebrospinal fluid TRH immuno-reactivity in anorexia nervosa. Biol. Psychiatry 35, 48-53.
40. Lowry, O.H., Rosebough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265-275.
41. Miyamoto, M. and Nagawa, Y. (1977) Mesolimbic involvement in the locomotor stimulant action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 44, 143-152.
42. Mizuno, T.M. (1998) Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA is reduced by fasting and (corrected) in ob/ob and db/db mice, but is stimulated by leptin. Diabetes 47, 294-297.
43. Mori, M., Michimata, M., Yamada, M., Yamaguchi, T., Iruichijima, T. and Kobayashi, S. (1988) Food deprivation decreases the blood TRH concentration in the rat. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology 91, 97-104.
44. Mori, M. and Yamada, M. (1987) Thyroid hormones regulate the amount of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamic median eminence of the rat. Journal of Endocrinology 114, 443-448.
45. Nikodemova, M., Benicky, J., Brtko, J. and Strbak, V. (1998) Chronic ethanol drinking and food deprivation affect rat hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and TRH in septum. Endocrine 9, 213-218.
46. O'Leary, R. and O'Connor, B. (1995) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Journal of Neurochemistry 65, 953-963.
47. Palkovits, M. and Brownstein, M. (1988) Maps and Guide to Microdissection of the Rat Brain. Elsevier, Inc. N.Y.
48. Palmer, M.R., Radovick, S. and Boepple, P.A. (1998) The impact of reversible gonadal sex steroid suppression on serum leptin concentrations in children with central precocious puberty. Journal of Clinical and Endocrinology Metabolism 83, 1091-1096.
49. Pérez-Martínez, L., Carreón-Rodríguez, A., Gonález-Alzati, M.E., Morales, C., Charli, J.L. and Joseph-Bravo, P. (1998) Dexamethasone rapidly regulates TRH mRNA levels in hypothalamic cell cultures: interaction with the cAMP pathway. Neuroendocrinology 65, 345-354.
50. Pirke, K.M., Broocks, A., Wilckens, T., Marquard, R. and Schweiger, U. (1993) Starvation-induced hyperactivity in the rat. The role of endocrine and neurotransmitter changes. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Review 17, 287-294.
51. Pollit, E. (1996) Timing and vulnerability in research on malnutrition and cognition. Nutr. Rev. 54, 549-555
52. Ponce, G., Charli, J.L., Pasten, J.A., Aceves, C. and Joseph-Bravo, P. (1988) Tissue specific regulation of pyroglutamate aminopeptidase II activity by thyroid hormones. Neuroendocrinology 48, 211-213.
53. Rondeel, J., Heide, R., de Greef, W., van Toor, H., van Haasteran, G., Klootwijk, W. and Visser, T.J. (1992) Effect of starvation and subsequent refeeding on thyroid function and release of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology 56, 348-352.
54. Rotsztejn, W.H., Charli, J.L., Pattou, E. and Kordon, C. (1977) Stimulation of dopamine of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) release from the mediobasal hypothalamus of male rats. Endocrinology 101, 1475-1483.
55. Sattin, A., Pekary, A.E. and Lloyd, R.L. (1999) TRH in therapeutic vs nontherapeutic seizures: affective and motor functions. Pharmacology and Biochemical Behavior 62, 575-583.
56. Sawchenko, P.E. and Swanson, L.W. (1985) Localization, colocalization and plasticity of corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity in rat brain. Federal Proceedings 44, 221-227.
57. Sawchenko, P.E., Imaki, T., Potter, E., Kovacs, K., Imaki, J. and Vale, W. (1993) The functional neuroanatomy of corticotropin-releasing factor. Ciba Foundation Symposium 172, 5-21.
58. Schomburg, L. and Bauer, K. (1995) Thyroid hormones rapidly and stringently regulate the messenger RNA levels of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor and the TRH-degrading ectoenzyme. Endocrinology 136, 3480-3485.
59. Schomburgh, L. and Bauer, K. (1997) Regulation of adenohypophyseal thyrotropin-releasing-hormone-degrading ectoenzyme by estradiol. Endocrinology 138, 3587-3593.
60. Small, D.M., Jones-Gotman, M., Zatorre, R.J., Petrides, M. and Evans, A.C. (1997) Flavor processing: more than the sum of its parts. Neuroreport 8, 3913-3917.
61. Sommer, C., Monroy-Ruiz, J., Candelaria, P. and de Gortari, P. (1996) Influencia del ciclo de luz oscuridad en el crecimiento de ratas macho con diferente estado de nutrición. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición 46, 63-66.
62. Strupp, B.J. and Levitsky, D.A. (1983) Early brain insult and cognition: a comparison of malnutrition and hypothyroidism. Den. Psychobiol. 16, 535-549.
63. Tashjian Jr. A.M., Barowski, N.J. and Jensen, D.K. (1971) Thyrotropin releasing hormone: direct evidence for stimulation of prolactin production by pituitary cells in culture. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 43, 516-523.
64. Timofeeva, E. (1997) Functional activation of CRH neurons and expression of the genes encoding CRH and its receptors in food-deprived lean (Fa/?) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Neuroendocrinology 66, 327-340.
65. Toide, K., Shinoda, M., Takase, M., Iwata, K. and Yoshida, H. (1993) Effects of a novel thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue, JTP-2942, on extracellular acetylcholine and choline levels in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. European Journal of Pharmacology 223, 21-28.
66. Toni, R., Jacson, I.M.D. and Lechan, R.M. (1990) Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive innervation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-synthesizing neurons in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Endocrinology 126, 2444-2453.
67. Tso, J.H., Sun, X.H., Kao, T.H., Reece, K.S. and Wu, R. (1985) Isolation and characterization of rat and human glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cDNAs: genomic complexity and molecular evolution of the gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 13, 2485-2502.
68. Van Haasteren, G.A.C., Linkels, E., Klootwijk, W. et al. (1995) Starvation induced changes in hypothalamic content of prothyrotropin-releasing-hormone (proTRH) mRNA and the hypothalamic release of proTRH-derived peptides: role of the adrenal gland. Journal of Endocrinology 45, 143-153.
69. Van Haasteren, G.A.C., Linkels, E., van Toor, H., Klootwijk, W., Kaptein, E., de Jong, F.H., Reymond, M.J., Visser, T.J. and de Greef, W.J. (1996) Effects of long-term food reduction on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in male and female rats. Journal of Endocrinology 150, 169-178.
70. Vargas, M.A., Bourdais, J., Sanchez, S., Uriostegui, B., Moreno, E., Joseph-Bravo, P. and Charli, J.L. (1998) Multiple hypothalamic factors regulate pyroglutamyl peptidase II in cultures of adenohypophyseal cells: role of the cAMP pathways. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 10, 199-206.
71. Vargas, M.A., Méndez, M., Cisneros, M., Joseph-Bravo, P. and Charli, J.L. (1994) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone down regulates pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II activity in adenohypophyseal cells. Neuroendocrinology 60, 323-330.
72. Vijayan, E. and McCann, S.M. (1977) Suppression of feeding and drinking activity in rats following intraventricular injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Endocrinology 100, 1727-1730.
73. Yamada, M., Monden, T., Satoh, T., Izuka, M., Murakami, M., Iruichijima, T. and Mori, M. (1992) Differential regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA levels by thyroid hormone in vivo and in vitro (GH3 cells). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 184, 367-372.
74. Yamamura, M., Kinoshita, K., Nakagawa, H. and Ishida, R. (1991) Pharmacological study of TA-0910, a new thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog (II): Involvement of the DA system in the locomotor stimulating action of TA-0910. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 55, 57-68.