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To ensure complete consumption of tert-butoxide in the in situ formation of carbenes 1-5, a 20% excess of imidazolium salt precursor was used. See Supporting Information for details.
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1-Pentyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide was synthesized by heating 1-methy imidazole and 1-iodopentane in isopropyl alcohol at 60°C for 6 h. For a recent review on ionic liquids, see: Welton, T. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2071-2083 and references therein.
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