7. The chemistry of stable carbenes: Part 2 - Benzoin-type condensations of formaldehyde catalyzed by stable carbenes

Helvetica Chimica Acta

Volumn 79, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 61-83

  Teles, J Henrique ^a   Melder, Johann Peter ^a   Ebel, Klaus ^a   Schneider, Regina ^a   Gehrer, Eugen ^a   Harder, Wolfgang ^a   Brode, Stefan ^a   Enders, Dieter ^b   Breuer, Klaus ^b   Raabe, Gerhard ^b  

^a BASF SE   (Germany)

^b RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002505045     PISSN: 0018019X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790108     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. F. Wöhler, J. Liebig, Ann. Pharm. 1832, 3, 249.
2. 'Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie', 4th edn., 1973, Vol. 7/2a, pp. 653-671.
3. T. Ukai, R. Tanaka, T. Dokawa, J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 1943, 63, 296 (CA: 1951, 45, 5148e).
4. T. Ukai, R. Tanaka, T. Dokawa, J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn. 1943, 63, 296 (CA: 1951, 45, 5148e).
5. R. Breslow, J. Org. Chem. 1958, 80, 3719.
6. H. Stetter, R. Y. Ramsch, H Kuhlmann, Synthesis 1976, 733.
7. J. Castells, F. Geijo, F. López-Calahorra, Tetrahedron Lett. 1980, 4517.
8. a) T. Matsumoto, S. Inoue, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1983, 171;
9. b) T. Matsumoto, H. Yamamoto, S. Inoue, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4829.
10. a) J. Castells, F. López-Calahorra, F. Gejio, R. Pérez-Dolz, M. Bassedas, J. Heterocycl. Chem 1986, 23, 715;
11. b) J. Castells, F. López-Calahorra, L. Domingo, J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 4433;
12. c) J. Castells, L. Domingo, F. López-Calahorra, J. Martí, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 517
13. R. Breslow, R Kim, Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 699.
14. Y.-T. Chen, G. L. Barletta, K. Haghjoo, J. T. Cheng, F. Jordan, J Org. Chem 1994, 59, 7714.
15. M.F. Lappert, R.K. Maskell, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun 1982, 580.
16. A. Alemagna, T. Bacchetti, Gazz. Chim. Ital. 1978, 108, 77.
17. A. J. Arduengo, R.L. Harlow, M. Kirne, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 361.
18. A. J. Arduengo, H. V. Rasika Dias, R. L. Harlow, M. Kline, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5530.
19. D. Enders, K. Breuer, G. Raabe, J. Runsink, J. H Teles, J.-P. Melder, K. Ebel, S. Brode, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1119; ibid. Int. Ed. 1995, 34, 1021.
20. D. Enders, K. Breuer, G. Raabe, J. Runsink, J. H Teles, J.-P. Melder, K. Ebel, S. Brode, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1119; ibid. Int. Ed. 1995, 34, 1021.
21. D. Enders, K. Breuer, unpublished results.
22. D. S. Kemp, J. T. O'Brien, J. Am. Chem Soc. 1970, 92, 2554.
23. H.-W. Wanzlick, H.-J. Kleiner, Chem. Ber. 1963, 96, 3024.
24. M. A. Schroeder, R. C. Makino, Tetrahedron 1973, 29, 3469.
25. A. H. Weiss, J. Shapiro, Hydrocarbon Process. 1970 (2), 119.
26. H.-W Wanzlick, E. Schikora, Chem. Ber. 1961, 94, 2389.
27. H.-W. Wanzlick, H.-J. Kleiner, I. Lasch, H. U. Füldner, H. Steinmaus, Liebigs Ann. Chem, 1967, 708, 155.
28. R.W. Hoffmann, Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 823; ibid. Im. Ed. 1968, 7, 754,
29. R.W. Hoffmann, Angew. Chem. 1968, 80, 823; ibid. Im. Ed. 1968, 7, 754,
30. B. Lachmann, H. Steinmaus, H.-W. Wanzlick, Tetrahedron 1971, 27, 4085.
31. M Regitz, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 691; ibid. Int. Ed. 1991, 30, 674.
32. M Regitz, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 691; ibid. Int. Ed. 1991, 30, 674.
33. F. G. Bordwell, A. V. Satish, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 985.
34. A. Samat, R Guglielmetti, J. Metzger, Helv. Chim. Acta 1972, 55, 1782.
35. J. A. Zoltewicz, L.S. Helmick, J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 1718.
36. R. Kluger, Chem. Rev. 1987, 87, 863.
37. D. Anderle, J. Königstein, V. Kovácik, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1977, 49, 137.
38. H. Gilman, J. J. Dietrich, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 380.
39. W. A. Boggust, W Cocker, J. C. P. Schwarz, E R. Stuart, J. Chem. Soc. 1950, 680.
40. M. Maeda, M. Kojima, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1978, 685.
41. B. K. M. Chan, N.-H. Chang, M. R. Grimmett, Austr. J. Chem. 1977, 30, 2005.
42. A. J. Arduengo, to E. I DuPont de Nemours, WO 91/14678, 1991 (CA: 1992, 116, 106289e).
43. A. J. Arduengo, to E. I DuPont de Nemours, WO 91/14678, 1991 (CA: 1992, 116, 106289e).
44. A. F. Pozharskii, V. V. Kuzmenko, I. S. Kashparov, Z. I. Sokolov, M. M. Medvedeva, J. Heterocycl. Chem. USSR 1976, 3, 304.
45. J. Bourson, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr 1970, 1867
46. R Walentowski, H.-W Wanzlick, Z. Naturforsch., B 1970, 25, 1421.
47. H.G O. Becker, G. Hoffmann, K. M Kwan, L. Knüpfer, J. Prakt Chem. 1988, 330, 325
48. K.T. Potts, S. K. Roy, D.P. Jones, J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 2245.
49. M. Busch, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1909, 42, 4596
50. G. V. Boyd, S. R. Dando, J. Chem. Soc. C 1970, 1397.
51. G. V. Boyd, A. J. H. Summers, J. Chem. Soc. C 1971, 409.
52. T. Eicher, S. Hunig, H. Hansen, Chem. Ber. 1969, 102, 3159.
53. W.W. Hartmann, L. J Roll, Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 2 1943, 460.
54. A.W. Chapman, C. H. Perrott, J. Chem. Soc. 1932, 1770.
55. L. Conrad, R. Sandmeier, to Sandoz AG, CH 652 389, 1985 (CA: 1986, 104, 168097b).
56. L. Conrad, R. Sandmeier, to Sandoz AG, CH 652 389, 1985 (CA: 1986, 104, 168097b).
57. I. Ugi F. Beck, U Fetzner, Chem. Ber. 1962, 95, 126.
58. S. Brode, H Horn, M. Ehrig, D. Moldrup, J. E Rice, R. Ahlrichs, J. Comput. Chem. 1993, 14, 1142.
59. A. Schaefer, H Horn, R. Ahlrichs, J. Chem. Phys. 1992, 97, 2571.
60. F. Hase, R. Ahlrichs, J. Comput. Chem. 1993, 14, 907.
61. W. J. Hehre, L. Radom, P. v. R. Schleyer, J. A. Pople, 'Ab initio Molecular Orbital Theory', John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986, pp 251