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2) by the cross correlation between ΔU's of different particles. This difference becomes large near the critical point, since the long-ranged correlation is developed in the critical region. For example, if ΔU is equal to the interaction potential V, the fluctuation of the summation of V is related to the heat capacity, which of course diverges at the critical point.
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2〉 in the low- and medium- density region, whereas the effect is small in the high-density region. Although not rigorous, the distinction between the low- and the medium-density region can be the applicability of the virial expansion at lower order. The critical density is included in the medium-density region. However, note that the term "medium-density region" is not limited to the critical scaling region.
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60
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85034500200
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note
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Poisson distribution is the distribution of the number of independent events in definition. In this case, "event" stands for the occurrence that a solvent particle exists within the range of ΔU(r). Although the distribution of the statistical variable should be Gaussian when a large number of degrees of freedom are involved, it may not apply to the fluctuation of the local quantity such as δΔU especially when the number of the solvent particles in the range of δU(r) is small. Yoshimura actually found that the higher-order cumulants that vanishes in the Gaussian distribution have large values in the low-density region in the case of the coordination number of the hard sphere fluid (Ref. 34).
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2) increased by 3% at ρ=0.30, and 2% at ρ=0.85 in larger systems. The change of 〈ΔU〉 is less than 1%. The system size of 864 may be small for the discussion of the critical phenomena. However, the difference between two systems is still small enough compared with the difference of the system size.
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The mutual diffusion coefficient between A and B agrees with the self-diffusion coefficient of a solvent in this case, since A and B are in fact the same kind of molecule.
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