Lending to small and medium-sized firms: Is there an east-west gap in Germany?

Small Business Economics

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 23-39

  Lehmann, Erik ^a   Neuberger, Doris ^b   Räthke, Solvig ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 9744279716     PISSN: 0921898X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:SBEJ.0000026024.55982.3d     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Acs, Z. J. and D. B. Audretsch, 1990, Innovation and Small Firms, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
2. Almus, M. and S. Prantl, 2001, 'Die Auswirkung öffentlicher Gründungsförderung auf das Überleben und Wachstum junger Unternehmen', ZEW Discussion Paper No. 01-03. Mannheim: Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung.
3. Audretsch, D. B. and M. P. Feldman. 1996, 'R&D Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production', American Economic Review 86(3), 630-640.
4. Audretsch, D. B. and M. Fritsch, 1994, 'The Geography of Firm Births in Germany', Regional Studies 28(4), 359-365.
5. Barrell, R. and D. W. te Velde, 2000, 'Catching-up of East German Labour Productivity in the 1990s', German Economic Review 1(3), 271-297.
6. Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, 2000, 'Range of Practice in Banks' Internal Ratings Systems', Basel Committee Publications No. 66, Basel.
7. Benston, G. J., 1997, 'Discrimination in Financial Services: What Do We Not Know?', Journal of Financial Services Research 11, 209-213
8. Berger, A. N. and G. F. Udell, 1995, 'Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in Small Firm Finance', Journal of Business 68, 351-381.
9. Boot, A. W. A., Thakor, A. V. and G. F. Udell, 1991, 'Secured Lending and Default Risk: Equilibrium Analysis, Policy Implications and Empirical Results', Economic Journal 101, 458-472.
10. Brezis, E. S., Krugman, P. and D. Tsiddon, 1993, 'Leapfrogging in International Competition: A Theory of Cycles in National Technological Leadership', American Economic Review 83(5), 1211-1219.
11. Brüderl, J. and P. Preisendörfer, 1998, 'Network Support and the Success of Newly Founded Business', Small Business Economics 10, 213-225.
12. Brülhart, M., 1998, 'Economic Geography, Industry Location and Trade: The Evidence', The World Economy 21(6), 775-801.
13. Carlin, W. and P. Richthofen, 1995, 'Finance, Economic Development and the Transition: The East German Case', Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum für Sozialforschung Discussion Paper FS 195-301.
14. Creditreform, 2000, Jahresbericht, Neuss.
15. Cressy, R. and O. Toivanen, 2001, 'Is there Adverse Selection in the Credit Market?', Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance 3, 215-238
16. D'Auria, C., A. Foglia and P. M. Reetz, 1999, 'Bank Interest Rates and Credit Relationships in Italy', Journal of Banking and Finance 23, 1067-1093.
17. Davis, S. J., Haltiwanger, J. and S. Schuh, 1996, 'Small Business and Job Creation: Dissecting the Myth and Reassessing the Facts', Small Business Economics 8, 297-315.
18. Degryse, H. and P. VanCayseele, 2000, 'Relationship Lending Within a Bank-based System: Evidence from European Small Business Data', Journal of Financial Intermediation 9, 90-109.
19. Dewatripont, M. and Tirole, J., 1993, The Prudential Regulation of Banks, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
20. Elsas, R. and J. P. Krahnen, 1998, 'Is Relationship Lending Special? Evidence from Credit-File Data in Germany', Journal of Banking and Finance 22, 1283-1316.
21. Elsas, R. and J. P. Krahnen, 1999, 'Collateral, Default Risk, and Relationship Lending: An Empirical Study on Financial Contracting', CFS Working Paper No. 1999/13, Frankfurt/Main: Center for Financial Studies.
22. Ewert, R. and G. Schenk, 1998, 'Determinants of Bank Lending Performance', CFS Working Paper No. 98/06, Frankfurt a. Main: Center for Financial Studies.
23. Feldman, M. P., 1994, The Geography of Innovation, Dordrecht.
24. Freixas, X. and J. C. Rochet, 1998, The Microeconomics of Banking, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
25. Fritsch, M., 1992, Betriebsgründlingen und Betriebsstilllegungen im regionalen Umfeld, Berlin: TU.
26. Fritsch, M., 1995, 'Regionale Unterschiede des Gründungsgeschehens in Westdeutschland 1986-89: Eine empirische Analyse', in J. Schmude (ed.), Neue Unternehmen. Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zur Gründungsforschung, Heidelberg: Physica, pp. 24-35.
27. Funke, M. and J. Rahn, 2000, 'How Efficient is the East German Economy? An Exploration with Micro Data', CESifo Working Paper No. 397.
28. Greenbaum, S. I. and A. V. Thakor, 1995, Contemporary Financial Intermediation, Fort Worth: Dryden Press.
29. Grossman, G. and E. Helpman, 1991, Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
30. Harhoff, D. and T. Körting, 1998, 'Lending Relationships in Germany. Empirical Results from Survey Data', Journal of Banking and Finance 22, 1317-1353.
31. Harrison, 1992, 'Industrial Districts: Old Wine in New Bottles?', Regional Studies 26, 469-483.
32. Hummel, M. and U. Ludwig, 1994, 'Finanzierungsprobleme des industriellen Mittelstandes in den neuen Ländern', ifo Schnelldienst 47, 3-11.
33. IWH (ed.), 1996, Gesamtwirtschaftliche und unternehmerische Anpassungsforlschritte in Ostdeutschland, Halle: Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle.
34. KfW, 1999, Ostdeutscher Mittelstand: Befriedigende Eigenkapitalausstattung, noch labile Ertragslage. Entwicklung der Jahresabschlüsse im Jahr 1996', KfW-Beiträge zur Mittelstands- und Strukturpolitik No. 7, 8-19.
35. Krahnen, J. P. and M. Weber, 2001, 'Generally Accepted Rating Principles: A Primer', Journal of Banking and Finance 25, 2-24.
36. Krugman, P., 1991, 'Increasing Returns and Economic Geography', Journal of Political Economy 99(3), 483-499.
37. Leeth, J. D. and J. A. Scott, 1989, 'The Incidence of Secured Debt: Evidence from the Small Business Community', Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 24, 379-394.
38. Lehmann, E. and D. Neuberger, 2001, 'Do Lending Relationships Matter? Evidence from Bank Survey Data in Germany', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 45(4), 339-359.
39. Machauer, A. and M. Weber, 1998, 'Bank Behavior Based on Internal Credit Rating of Borrowers', Journal of Banking and Finance 22, 1355-1383.
40. Neuberger, D., 2000, 'Regionalökonomik und Finanzierung kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen: Erklärungen für ein Ost-West-Gefälle in Deutschland?', Konjunkturpolitik - Applied Economics Quarterly 46(1-2), 33-61.
41. Ongena, S., 1999, 'Lending Relationships, Bank Default and Economic Activity', International Journal of the Economics of Business 6, 257-280.
42. Ongena, S. and D. C. Smith, 2000, 'What Determines the Number of Bank Relationships? Cross-Country Evidence', Journal of Financial Intermediation 9, 26-56.
43. Ostdeutscher Bankenverband, 2000a (ed.), Infoport 1, Berlin, 14th January.
44. Ostdeutscher Bankenverband, 2000b, 10 Jahre Marktwirtschaft in Ostdeutschland, Zwischenbilanz und Ausblick der privaten Banken, Berlin.
45. Petersen, M. A. and R. G. Rajan, 1994, 'The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data', Journal of Finance 49, 3-37.
46. Reynolds, P. D., Storey, D. J. and P. Westhead, 1994, 'Cross National Comparisons of the Variation in New Firm Formation Rates', Regional Studies 28, 343-346.
47. Sinn, H.-W., 1999, The German State Banks. Global Players in the International Financial Markets, Edward Elgar: Aldershot.
48. Sinn, H.-W., 2000, 'Zehn Jahre deutsche Wiedervereinigung: Ein Kommentar zur Lage der neuen Länder', ifo-Schnelldienst 53 (26-27), 10-22.
49. Steil, F., 1997, 'Unternehmensgründungen in Ostdeutschland', in D. Harhoff (ed.), Unternehmensgründungen - Empirische Analysen für die neuen Bundesländer, ZEW-Wirtschaftsanalysen Band 7, Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 29-72.
50. Steil, F., 1998, 'Determinanten regionaler Unterschiede in der Gründungsdynamik. Eine empirische Analyse für die neuen Bundesländer', ZEW Wirtschaftsanalysen, Schriftenreihe des ZEW 34.
51. Steil, F. and E. Wolf. 1999, 'Determinanten der Beschä ftigungsdynamik ostdeutscher Unternehmen', Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften 119, 265-296.
52. Townsend, R., 1997, 'Discrimination in Financial Services: How Should We Proceed?', Journal of Financial Services Research 11, 215-217.
53. Vaessen, P., 1993, 'Small Business Growth in Contrasting Environments', Netherland Geographical Studies 165.
54. Wachter, S., 1997, 'Discrimination in Financial Services: What Do We Know?', Journal of Financial Services Research 11, 205-208.
55. ZEW, 2001, Technologieintensive Dienstleister: Neue Gründungswelle in der Branche', ZEW Gründungsreport 1/2001.