메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 907-933

Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ACARBOSE; ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; BIGUANIDE DERIVATIVE; CARBOHYDRATE; GLIBENCLAMIDE; GLIMEPIRIDE; GLIPIZIDE; GLUCOSE; INSULIN ASPART; INSULIN DERIVATIVE; INSULIN GLARGINE; INSULIN LISPRO; INSULIN ZINC SUSPENSION; ISOPHANE INSULIN; MEGLITINIDE; METFORMIN; MIGLITOL; NATEGLINIDE; PIOGLITAZONE; REPAGLINIDE; ROSIGLITAZONE; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE;

EID: 8844277700     PISSN: 08898545     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2004.09.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (36)

References (115)
  • 2
    • 0035989943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring and managing hyperglycemia in pregnancy: From glycosuria to continuous blood glucose monitoring
    • R.S. Mazze Measuring and managing hyperglycemia in pregnancy: from glycosuria to continuous blood glucose monitoring Sem Perinatol 26 3 2002 171 180
    • (2002) Sem Perinatol , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 171-180
    • Mazze, R.S.1
  • 3
    • 0025208358 scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitivity and B-cell responsiveness to glucose during late pregnancy in lean and moderately obese women with normal glucose tolerance of mild gestational diabetes
    • T. Buchanan, B. Metzger, N. Freinkel, and R. Bergman Insulin sensitivity and B-cell responsiveness to glucose during late pregnancy in lean and moderately obese women with normal glucose tolerance of mild gestational diabetes Am J Obstet Gynecol 162 1990 1008 1014
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.162 , pp. 1008-1014
    • Buchanan, T.1    Metzger, B.2    Freinkel, N.3    Bergman, R.4
  • 4
    • 0345118963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormones and insulin resistance during pregnancy
    • E.A. Ryan Hormones and insulin resistance during pregnancy Lancet 362 9398 2003 1777 1778
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9398 , pp. 1777-1778
    • Ryan, E.A.1
  • 5
    • 0020033802 scopus 로고
    • Serum CBG, free and total cortisol and circadian patterns of adrenal function in normal pregnancy
    • E. Demey-Ponsart, J. Foidart, J. Sulon, and J. Sodoyez Serum CBG, free and total cortisol and circadian patterns of adrenal function in normal pregnancy J Steroid Biochem 16 1982 165 169
    • (1982) J Steroid Biochem , vol.16 , pp. 165-169
    • Demey-Ponsart, E.1    Foidart, J.2    Sulon, J.3    Sodoyez, J.4
  • 6
    • 0019241940 scopus 로고
    • The Banting Lecture 1980. Of pregnancy and progency
    • N. Freinkel The Banting Lecture 1980. Of pregnancy and progency Diabetes 29 1980 1023 1035
    • (1980) Diabetes , vol.29 , pp. 1023-1035
    • Freinkel, N.1
  • 7
    • 84982038674 scopus 로고
    • A serial study of the changes occurring in the oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy
    • T. Lind, W. Billewicz, and G. Brown A serial study of the changes occurring in the oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy J Obstet Gynecol Br Commonw 80 1973 1033 1034
    • (1973) J Obstet Gynecol Br Commonw , vol.80 , pp. 1033-1034
    • Lind, T.1    Billewicz, W.2    Brown, G.3
  • 8
    • 0030919269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose turnover and gluconeogenesis during pregnancy in women with and without insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • J. Chiasson, G. el Achkar, F. Ducros, J. Bourque, and P. Maheux Glucose turnover and gluconeogenesis during pregnancy in women with and without insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Clin Invest Med 20 1997 140 151
    • (1997) Clin Invest Med , vol.20 , pp. 140-151
    • Chiasson, J.1    El Achkar, G.2    Ducros, F.3    Bourque, J.4    Maheux, P.5
  • 9
    • 0014193777 scopus 로고
    • The lipolytic action of human placental lactogen in isolated fat cells
    • J. Turtel, and D. Kipnis The lipolytic action of human placental lactogen in isolated fat cells Biochim Biophys Acta 144 1967 583 588
    • (1967) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.144 , pp. 583-588
    • Turtel, J.1    Kipnis, D.2
  • 10
    • 0025305302 scopus 로고
    • Molecular physiology of glucose transporters
    • B. Thorens, M. Charron, and H. Lodish Molecular physiology of glucose transporters Diabetes Care 13 1990 209 218
    • (1990) Diabetes Care , vol.13 , pp. 209-218
    • Thorens, B.1    Charron, M.2    Lodish, H.3
  • 11
    • 4644363956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
    • Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
    • Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Diab Care 27 Suppl 1 2004 S5 S20
    • (2004) Diab Care , vol.27 , Issue.1
  • 12
    • 0034035943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: An epidemiologic review and a public health perspective
    • A. Fagot-Campagna, D.J. Pettitt, and M.M. Engelgau Type 2 diabetes among North American children and adolescents: an epidemiologic review and a public health perspective J Pediatr 136 2000 664 672
    • (2000) J Pediatr , vol.136 , pp. 664-672
    • Fagot-Campagna, A.1    Pettitt, D.J.2    Engelgau, M.M.3
  • 13
    • 0032456709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance versus insulin deficiency in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Problems and prospects
    • E. Ferrannini Insulin resistance versus insulin deficiency in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: problems and prospects Endocr Rev 19 1998 477 490
    • (1998) Endocr Rev , vol.19 , pp. 477-490
    • Ferrannini, E.1
  • 14
    • 2542424815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals
    • G. Reaven The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 33 2004 283 303
    • (2004) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.33 , pp. 283-303
    • Reaven, G.1
  • 15
    • 0035960122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms and clinical pathophysiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young
    • S.S. Fajans, G.I. Bell, and K.S. Polonsky Molecular mechanisms and clinical pathophysiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young N Engl J Med 345 2001 971 980
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 971-980
    • Fajans, S.S.1    Bell, G.I.2    Polonsky, K.S.3
  • 16
    • 0035135330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes
    • A.E. Kitabchi, G.E. Umpierrez, and M.B. Murphy Management of hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes Diabetes Care 24 2001 131 153
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 131-153
    • Kitabchi, A.E.1    Umpierrez, G.E.2    Murphy, M.B.3
  • 17
    • 0035458468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive assessment of the diabetic patient for coronary artery disease
    • S.E. Inzucchi Noninvasive assessment of the diabetic patient for coronary artery disease Diabetes Care 24 2001 1519 1521
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 1519-1521
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1
  • 18
    • 0033860359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
    • H.N. Ginsberg Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease J Clin Invest 106 2000 453 458
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.106 , pp. 453-458
    • Ginsberg, H.N.1
  • 19
    • 0037472879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • P. Gaede, P. Vedel, N. Larsen, G.V. Jensen, H.H. Parving, and O. Pedersen Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes N Engl J Med 348 2003 383 393
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 383-393
    • Gaede, P.1    Vedel, P.2    Larsen, N.3    Jensen, G.V.4    Parving, H.H.5    Pedersen, O.6
  • 20
    • 0035928391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 1 diabetes: New perspectives on disease pathogenesis and treatment
    • M.A. Atkinson, and G.S. Eisenbarth Type 1 diabetes: new perspectives on disease pathogenesis and treatment Lancet 358 2001 221 229
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.358 , pp. 221-229
    • Atkinson, M.A.1    Eisenbarth, G.S.2
  • 21
    • 0036122926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes therapy. A pathophysiologically based approach
    • A.B. Mayerson, and S.E. Inzucchi Type 2 diabetes therapy. A pathophysiologically based approach Postgrad Med 111 3 2002 83 95
    • (2002) Postgrad Med , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 83-95
    • Mayerson, A.B.1    Inzucchi, S.E.2
  • 22
    • 0037116638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: Scientific review
    • S.E. Inzucchi Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: scientific review JAMA 287 2002 360 372
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 360-372
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1
  • 23
    • 0034853485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review 135: The importance of beta-cell failure in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes
    • S.E. Kahn Clinical review 135: the importance of beta-cell failure in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 2001 4047 4058
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4047-4058
    • Kahn, S.E.1
  • 24
    • 0032983666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49)
    • R.C. Turner, C.A. Cull, V. Frighi, and R.R. Holman Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49) JAMA 281 1999 2005 2012
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 2005-2012
    • Turner, R.C.1    Cull, C.A.2    Frighi, V.3    Holman, R.R.4
  • 25
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 329 1993 977 986
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
  • 26
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphoylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • Prospective Diabetes Study UK. (UKPDS) Group
    • Prospective Diabetes Study UK. (UKPDS) Group Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphoylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33) Lancet 352 1998 837 853
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 27
    • 0032511566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)
    • Prospective Diabetes Study UK. (UKPDS) Group
    • Prospective Diabetes Study UK. (UKPDS) Group Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34) Lancet 352 1998 854 865
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 854-865
  • 28
    • 1042302783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care in diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association
    • American Diabetes Association Standards of medical care in diabetes Diabetes Care 27 Suppl 1 2004 S15 S35
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.1
  • 31
    • 0000315658 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy complicating diabetes
    • P. White Pregnancy complicating diabetes Am J Med 7 5 1949 609 616
    • (1949) Am J Med , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 609-616
    • White, P.1
  • 32
    • 84882900517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mother in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus
    • D. Porte R.S. Sherwin A. Baron McGraw-Hill New York
    • B.E. Metzger, R.L. Phelps, and S.L. Dooley The mother in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus D. Porte R.S. Sherwin A. Baron Ellenberg and Rifkin's diabetes mellitus 2002 McGraw-Hill New York 626
    • (2002) Ellenberg and Rifkin's Diabetes Mellitus , pp. 626
    • Metzger, B.E.1    Phelps, R.L.2    Dooley, S.L.3
  • 33
    • 0025055076 scopus 로고
    • Effect of pregnancy on progression of diabetic retinopathy
    • B. Klein, S. Moss, and R. Klein Effect of pregnancy on progression of diabetic retinopathy Diabetes Care 13 1990 34
    • (1990) Diabetes Care , vol.13 , pp. 34
    • Klein, B.1    Moss, S.2    Klein, R.3
  • 34
    • 0029035349 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic control and progression of retinopathy. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study
    • E. Chew, J. Mills, B. Metzger, N. Remaley, L. Jovanovic-Peterson, and R. Knopp Metabolic control and progression of retinopathy. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study Diabetes Care 18 5 1995 631 637
    • (1995) Diabetes Care , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 631-637
    • Chew, E.1    Mills, J.2    Metzger, B.3    Remaley, N.4    Jovanovic-Peterson, L.5    Knopp, R.6
  • 36
    • 0029971242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does pregnancy increase the risk for development and progression of diabetic nephropathy
    • M. Miodovnik, B. Rosenn, J. Khoury, J. Grigsby, and T. Siddiqi Does pregnancy increase the risk for development and progression of diabetic nephropathy Am J Obstet Gynecol 174 1996 1180 1189 [discussion 1189-91]
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.174 , pp. 1180-1189
    • Miodovnik, M.1    Rosenn, B.2    Khoury, J.3    Grigsby, J.4    Siddiqi, T.5
  • 37
    • 0026515660 scopus 로고
    • Influence of pregnancy on progression of diabetic nephropathy and subsequent requirement of renal replacement therapy in female type 1 diabetic patients with impaired renal function
    • G. Biesenbach, H. Stoger, and J. Zazgornik Influence of pregnancy on progression of diabetic nephropathy and subsequent requirement of renal replacement therapy in female type 1 diabetic patients with impaired renal function Nephrol Dial Trans 7 1992 105 109
    • (1992) Nephrol Dial Trans , vol.7 , pp. 105-109
    • Biesenbach, G.1    Stoger, H.2    Zazgornik, J.3
  • 38
    • 85047695163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of antihypertensive drugs on the fetus
    • T. Rosenthal, and S. Oparil The effect of antihypertensive drugs on the fetus J Hum Hyperten 16 2002 293 298
    • (2002) J Hum Hyperten , vol.16 , pp. 293-298
    • Rosenthal, T.1    Oparil, S.2
  • 40
    • 0034003190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks of pre-eclampsia and adverse neonatal outcomes among women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units
    • B.M. Sibai, S. Caritis, and J. Hauth Risks of pre-eclampsia and adverse neonatal outcomes among women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 2 2000 364 369
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.182 , Issue.2 , pp. 364-369
    • Sibai, B.M.1    Caritis, S.2    Hauth, J.3
  • 42
    • 8844246718 scopus 로고
    • Obstetrical complications
    • F.M. Brown J.W. Hare 2nd edition Wiley-Liss New York
    • P.B. Acler, and V.A. Barss Obstetrical complications F.M. Brown J.W. Hare Diabetes complications in pregnancy 2nd edition 1995 Wiley-Liss New York 153
    • (1995) Diabetes Complications in Pregnancy , pp. 153
    • Acler, P.B.1    Barss, V.A.2
  • 43
    • 0034522103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preterm delivery in women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus or chronic hypertension relative to women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
    • B.M. Sibai, S.N. Caritis, and J.C. Hauth Preterm delivery in women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus or chronic hypertension relative to women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network Am J Obstet Gynecol 183 2000 1520 1524
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.183 , pp. 1520-1524
    • Sibai, B.M.1    Caritis, S.N.2    Hauth, J.C.3
  • 44
    • 0024319451 scopus 로고
    • Prematurity among insulin-requiring diabetic gravid women
    • M.F. Greene, and J.W. Hare Prematurity among insulin-requiring diabetic gravid women Am J Obstet Gynecol 161 1 1989 106 111
    • (1989) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-111
    • Greene, M.F.1    Hare, J.W.2
  • 46
    • 0024564676 scopus 로고
    • First trimester hemoglobin A1 and risk for major malformation and spontaneous abortion in diabetic pregnancy
    • M.F. Greene, J.W. Hare, J.P. Cloherty, B.R. Benacerraf, and J.S. Soeldner First trimester hemoglobin A1 and risk for major malformation and spontaneous abortion in diabetic pregnancy Teratology 39 3 1989 225 231
    • (1989) Teratology , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-231
    • Greene, M.F.1    Hare, J.W.2    Cloherty, J.P.3    Benacerraf, B.R.4    Soeldner, J.S.5
  • 47
    • 0021177841 scopus 로고
    • Risk of minor and major fetal malformations in diabetics with high haemoglobin Alc values in early pregnancy
    • K. Ylinen, P. Aula, and U.H. Steinman Risk of minor and major fetal malformations in diabetics with high haemoglobin Alc values in early pregnancy Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 289 6441 1984 345 346
    • (1984) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.289 , Issue.6441 , pp. 345-346
    • Ylinen, K.1    Aula, P.2    Steinman, U.H.3
  • 48
    • 0025017481 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: A population-based case-control study
    • J.E. Becerra, M.J. Khoury, J.F. Cordero, and J.D. Erickson Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and the risks for specific birth defects: a population-based case-control study Pediatrics 85 1 1990 1 9
    • (1990) Pediatrics , vol.85 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-9
    • Becerra, J.E.1    Khoury, M.J.2    Cordero, J.F.3    Erickson, J.D.4
  • 49
    • 0024431357 scopus 로고
    • Clinical-epidemiologic assessment of pattern of birth defects associated with human teratogens: Application to diabetic embryopathy
    • M.J. Khoury, J.E. Becerra, J.F. Cordero, and J.D. Erickson Clinical-epidemiologic assessment of pattern of birth defects associated with human teratogens: application to diabetic embryopathy Pediatrics 84 4 1989 658 665
    • (1989) Pediatrics , vol.84 , Issue.4 , pp. 658-665
    • Khoury, M.J.1    Becerra, J.E.2    Cordero, J.F.3    Erickson, J.D.4
  • 50
    • 0030578896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short and long-range complications in offspring of diabetic mothers
    • N. Weintrob, M. Karp, and M. Hod Short and long-range complications in offspring of diabetic mothers J Diab Complic 10 5 1996 294 301
    • (1996) J Diab Complic , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 294-301
    • Weintrob, N.1    Karp, M.2    Hod, M.3
  • 51
    • 0023710666 scopus 로고
    • Perinatal asphyxia in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers
    • F. Mimouni, M. Miodovnik, T.A. Siddiqi, J. Khoury, and R.C. Tsang Perinatal asphyxia in infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers J Pediatr 113 2 1988 345 353
    • (1988) J Pediatr , vol.113 , Issue.2 , pp. 345-353
    • Mimouni, F.1    Miodovnik, M.2    Siddiqi, T.A.3    Khoury, J.4    Tsang, R.C.5
  • 52
    • 0027473616 scopus 로고
    • Diabetic fetal macrosomia: Significance of disproportionate growth
    • J.L. Ballard, B. Rosenn, J.C. Khoury, and M. Miodovnik Diabetic fetal macrosomia: significance of disproportionate growth J Pediatr 122 1 1993 115 119
    • (1993) J Pediatr , vol.122 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-119
    • Ballard, J.L.1    Rosenn, B.2    Khoury, J.C.3    Miodovnik, M.4
  • 53
    • 0026774652 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of fetal macrosomia to maternal postprandial glucose control during pregnancy
    • C.A. Combs, E. Gunderson, J.D. Kitzmiller, L.A. Gavin, and E.K. Main Relationship of fetal macrosomia to maternal postprandial glucose control during pregnancy Diabetes Care 15 10 1992 1251 1257
    • (1992) Diabetes Care , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 1251-1257
    • Combs, C.A.1    Gunderson, E.2    Kitzmiller, J.D.3    Gavin, L.A.4    Main, E.K.5
  • 54
    • 0031684190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shoulder dystocia and associated risk factors with macrosomic infants born in California
    • T.S. Nesbitt, W.M. Gilbert, and B. Herrchem Shoulder dystocia and associated risk factors with macrosomic infants born in California Am J Obstet Gynecol 179 2 1998 476 480
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.179 , Issue.2 , pp. 476-480
    • Nesbitt, T.S.1    Gilbert, W.M.2    Herrchem, B.3
  • 56
    • 0017582661 scopus 로고
    • Attenuated glucose production rate in newborn infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers
    • S.C. Kalhan, S.M. Savin, and P.A. Adam Attenuated glucose production rate in newborn infants of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers N Engl J Med 296 1977 375 376
    • (1977) N Engl J Med , vol.296 , pp. 375-376
    • Kalhan, S.C.1    Savin, S.M.2    Adam, P.A.3
  • 59
    • 0022494365 scopus 로고
    • Polycythemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers
    • F. Mimouni, R.C. Tsang, V.S. Hertzberg, and M. Miodovnik Polycythemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers Am J Dis Child 140 8 1986 798 800
    • (1986) Am J Dis Child , vol.140 , Issue.8 , pp. 798-800
    • Mimouni, F.1    Tsang, R.C.2    Hertzberg, V.S.3    Miodovnik, M.4
  • 60
    • 0030122119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common clinical manifestations of maternal diabetes in newborn infants: Implications for the practicing pediatrician
    • B. Rosenn, M. Miodovnik, and R. Tsang Common clinical manifestations of maternal diabetes in newborn infants: implications for the practicing pediatrician Pediatr Ann 25 4 1996 212 222
    • (1996) Pediatr Ann , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 212-222
    • Rosenn, B.1    Miodovnik, M.2    Tsang, R.3
  • 61
    • 0017234027 scopus 로고
    • Association between maternal diabetes and the respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn
    • M.F. Robert, R.K. Neff, and J.P. Hubbell Association between maternal diabetes and the respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn N Engl J Med 294 7 1976 357 360
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , Issue.7 , pp. 357-360
    • Robert, M.F.1    Neff, R.K.2    Hubbell, J.P.3
  • 62
    • 0021919529 scopus 로고
    • Fetal lung development in the diabetic pregnancy
    • J.R. Bourbon, and P.M. Farrell Fetal lung development in the diabetic pregnancy Pediatr Res 19 3 1985 253 267
    • (1985) Pediatr Res , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-267
    • Bourbon, J.R.1    Farrell, P.M.2
  • 63
    • 0016697951 scopus 로고
    • Insulin antagonism of cortisol action on lecithin synthesis by cultured fetal lung cells
    • B.T. Smith, C.J. Giroud, M. Robert, and M.E. Avery Insulin antagonism of cortisol action on lecithin synthesis by cultured fetal lung cells J Pediatr 87 6 Pt 1 1975 953 955
    • (1975) J Pediatr , vol.87 , Issue.61 , pp. 953-955
    • Smith, B.T.1    Giroud, C.J.2    Robert, M.3    Avery, M.E.4
  • 65
    • 0024993727 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and etiology of respiratory distress in infants of diabetic mothers: Predictive value of fetal lung maturation tests
    • S.L. Kjos, F.J. Walther, M. Montoro, R.H. Paul, F. Diaz, and M. Stabler Prevalence and etiology of respiratory distress in infants of diabetic mothers: predictive value of fetal lung maturation tests Am J Obstet Gynecol 163 3 1990 898 903
    • (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.163 , Issue.3 , pp. 898-903
    • Kjos, S.L.1    Walther, F.J.2    Montoro, M.3    Paul, R.H.4    Diaz, F.5    Stabler, M.6
  • 66
    • 0028360323 scopus 로고
    • Long-term developmental follow-up of infants of diabetic mothers
    • C.J. Sells, N.M. Robinson, Z. Brown, and R.H. Knopp Long-term developmental follow-up of infants of diabetic mothers J Pediatr 125 1 1994 9 17
    • (1994) J Pediatr , vol.125 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-17
    • Sells, C.J.1    Robinson, N.M.2    Brown, Z.3    Knopp, R.H.4
  • 68
    • 0028779842 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • M.A. Atkinson, and N.K. Maclaren The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 331 21 1994 1428 1436
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , Issue.21 , pp. 1428-1436
    • Atkinson, M.A.1    MacLaren, N.K.2
  • 69
    • 0021249781 scopus 로고
    • Differences in risk of insulin-dependent diabetes in offspring of diabetic mothers and diabetic fathers
    • J.H. Warram, A.S. Krolewski, M.S. Gottlieb, and C.R. Kahn Differences in risk of insulin-dependent diabetes in offspring of diabetic mothers and diabetic fathers N Engl J Med 311 3 1984 149 152
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , Issue.3 , pp. 149-152
    • Warram, J.H.1    Krolewski, A.S.2    Gottlieb, M.S.3    Kahn, C.R.4
  • 70
    • 0141448760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of early-onset type 2 diabetes in the young: Implications for child bearing
    • C.J. Homko, and E.A. Reece Development of early-onset type 2 diabetes in the young: implications for child bearing Curr Diab Rep 3 4 2003 313 318
    • (2003) Curr Diab Rep , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-318
    • Homko, C.J.1    Reece, E.A.2
  • 72
    • 0642366761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy in women with type 2 diabetes: 12 years outcome data 1990-2002
    • F. Dunne, P. Brydon, K. Smith, and H. Gee Pregnancy in women with type 2 diabetes: 12 years outcome data 1990-2002 Diabet Med 20 9 2003 734 738
    • (2003) Diabet Med , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 734-738
    • Dunne, F.1    Brydon, P.2    Smith, K.3    Gee, H.4
  • 73
  • 74
    • 0030848281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of pregnancy in insulin dependent diabetic women: Results of a five year population cohort study
    • I.F. Casson, C.A. Clarke, and C.V. Howard Outcomes of pregnancy in insulin dependent diabetic women: results of a five year population cohort study BMJ 315 1997 275 279
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 275-279
    • Casson, I.F.1    Clarke, C.A.2    Howard, C.V.3
  • 76
    • 0034882478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
    • J.G. Ray, T.E. O'Brien, and W.S. Chan Preconception care and the risk of congenital anomalies in the offspring of women with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis QJM 94 8 2001 435 444
    • (2001) QJM , vol.94 , Issue.8 , pp. 435-444
    • Ray, J.G.1    O'Brien, T.E.2    Chan, W.S.3
  • 77
    • 0029863633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconception care of diabetes, congenital malformations, and spontaneous abortions
    • J.L. Kitzmiller, T.A. Buchanan, S. Kjos, C.A. Combs, and R.E. Ratner Preconception care of diabetes, congenital malformations, and spontaneous abortions Diabetes Care 19 5 1996 514 541
    • (1996) Diabetes Care , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 514-541
    • Kitzmiller, J.L.1    Buchanan, T.A.2    Kjos, S.3    Combs, C.A.4    Ratner, R.E.5
  • 78
    • 1042279541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preconception care of women with diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association
    • American Diabetes Association Preconception care of women with diabetes Diabetes Care 27 Suppl 1 2004 S76 S78
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.1
  • 79
    • 0027286787 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late complications of type I diabetes
    • P.H. Wang, J. Lau, and T.C. Chalmers Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late complications of type I diabetes Lancet 341 8856 1993 1306 1309
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , Issue.8856 , pp. 1306-1309
    • Wang, P.H.1    Lau, J.2    Chalmers, T.C.3
  • 80
    • 0021265914 scopus 로고
    • Blood glucose control and the evolution of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria. A preliminary multicenter trial. The Kroc Collaborative Study Group
    • Blood glucose control and the evolution of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria. A preliminary multicenter trial. The Kroc Collaborative Study Group N Engl J Med 311 6 1984 365 372
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , Issue.6 , pp. 365-372
  • 81
    • 0024389016 scopus 로고
    • Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy versus the prevalence of neural tube defects
    • A. Milunsky, and H. Jick Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy versus the prevalence of neural tube defects JAMA 262 1989 2847 2852
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 2847-2852
    • Milunsky, A.1    Jick, H.2
  • 82
    • 1542652343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics Committee and Executive and Council of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • R.D. Wilson, G. Davies, V. Desilets, G.J. Reid, A. Summers, and P. Wyuatt Genetics Committee and Executive and Council of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada J Obstet Gynaecol Can 25 11 2003 959 973
    • (2003) J Obstet Gynaecol Can , vol.25 , Issue.11 , pp. 959-973
    • Wilson, R.D.1    Davies, G.2    Desilets, V.3    Reid, G.J.4    Summers, A.5    Wyuatt, P.6
  • 83
    • 0003344558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
    • E.A. Reece J.C. Hobbins 2nd edition Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia
    • Z. Hagay, and E.A. Reece Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy E.A. Reece J.C. Hobbins Medicine of the fetus and mother 2nd edition 1999 Lippincott-Raven Philadelphia 1068 1069
    • (1999) Medicine of the Fetus and Mother , pp. 1068-1069
    • Hagay, Z.1    Reece, E.A.2
  • 84
    • 0141682468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy
    • S.G. Gabbe, and C.R. Graves Management of diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy Obstet Gynecol 102 4 2003 857 868
    • (2003) Obstet Gynecol , vol.102 , Issue.4 , pp. 857-868
    • Gabbe, S.G.1    Graves, C.R.2
  • 85
    • 0030098344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A team approach to managing preexisting diabetes complicated by pregnancy
    • B. Bailey, and M. Caldwell A team approach to managing preexisting diabetes complicated by pregnancy Diabetes Educ 22 1996 111 117
    • (1996) Diabetes Educ , vol.22 , pp. 111-117
    • Bailey, B.1    Caldwell, M.2
  • 86
    • 0026631735 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy in the diabetic woman. Guidelines for a successful outcome
    • L. Jovanovic-Peterson, and C. Peterson Pregnancy in the diabetic woman. Guidelines for a successful outcome Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 21 1992 433 456
    • (1992) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am , vol.21 , pp. 433-456
    • Jovanovic-Peterson, L.1    Peterson, C.2
  • 87
    • 0035659983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin therapy: Optimizing control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    • J. Rosenstock Insulin therapy: optimizing control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes Clin Cornerstone 4 2 2001 50 64
    • (2001) Clin Cornerstone , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 50-64
    • Rosenstock, J.1
  • 88
    • 0036706847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The utility and efficacy of the new insulins in the management of diabetes and pregnancy
    • D. Simmons The utility and efficacy of the new insulins in the management of diabetes and pregnancy Curr Diab Rep 2 2002 331 336
    • (2002) Curr Diab Rep , vol.2 , pp. 331-336
    • Simmons, D.1
  • 89
    • 0036093381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin pump therapy in the 21st century. Strategies for successful use in adults, adolescents, and children with diabetes
    • B.W. Bode, W.V. Tamborlane, and P.C. Davidson Insulin pump therapy in the 21st century. Strategies for successful use in adults, adolescents, and children with diabetes Postgrad Med 111 2002 69 77
    • (2002) Postgrad Med , vol.111 , pp. 69-77
    • Bode, B.W.1    Tamborlane, W.V.2    Davidson, P.C.3
  • 90
    • 0041733061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin glargine: An updated review of its use in the management of diabetes mellitus
    • C.J. Dunn, G.L. Plosker, G.M. Keating, K. McKeage, and L.J. Scott Insulin glargine: an updated review of its use in the management of diabetes mellitus Drugs 63 2003 1743 1778
    • (2003) Drugs , vol.63 , pp. 1743-1778
    • Dunn, C.J.1    Plosker, G.L.2    Keating, G.M.3    McKeage, K.4    Scott, L.J.5
  • 91
    • 0035987797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity and embryotoxicity of insulin glargine (LANTUS) in rats and rabbits
    • T. Hofmann, G. Horstmann, and I. Stammberger Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity and embryotoxicity of insulin glargine (LANTUS) in rats and rabbits Int J Toxicol 21 2002 181 189
    • (2002) Int J Toxicol , vol.21 , pp. 181-189
    • Hofmann, T.1    Horstmann, G.2    Stammberger, I.3
  • 92
    • 1542498664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative routes of insulin delivery
    • D.R. Owens, B. Zinman, and G. Bolli Alternative routes of insulin delivery Diab Med 20 2003 886 898
    • (2003) Diab Med , vol.20 , pp. 886-898
    • Owens, D.R.1    Zinman, B.2    Bolli, G.3
  • 93
    • 0029616152 scopus 로고
    • Prenatal and perinatal influences on long-term psychomotor development in offspring of diabetic mothers
    • A. Rizzo, S. Dooley, B. Metzger, N. Cho, E. Ogata, and B. Silverman Prenatal and perinatal influences on long-term psychomotor development in offspring of diabetic mothers Am J Obstet Gynecol 173 1994 1753 1757
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.173 , pp. 1753-1757
    • Rizzo, A.1    Dooley, S.2    Metzger, B.3    Cho, N.4    Ogata, E.5    Silverman, B.6
  • 94
    • 0036254603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: Maternal and fetal consequences
    • E.W. ter Braak, I.M. Evers, D. Willem Erkelens, and G.H. Visser Maternal hypoglycemia during pregnancy in type 1 diabetes: maternal and fetal consequences Diab Metab Res Rev 18 2 2003 96 105
    • (2003) Diab Metab Res Rev , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 96-105
    • Ter Braak, E.W.1    Evers, I.M.2    Willem Erkelens, D.3    Visser, G.H.4
  • 95
    • 0026892241 scopus 로고
    • The breast-feeding experience of women with type 1 diabetes
    • M. Gagne, E. Leff, and S. Jefferis The breast-feeding experience of women with type 1 diabetes Health Care Wom Int 13 1992 249 253
    • (1992) Health Care Wom Int , vol.13 , pp. 249-253
    • Gagne, M.1    Leff, E.2    Jefferis, S.3
  • 96
    • 84995843476 scopus 로고
    • Long-term prospective study of postpartum thyroid dysfunction in women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    • M. Alvarez-Marfany, S. Roman, A. Drexler, C. Robertson, and A. Stagnaro-Green Long-term prospective study of postpartum thyroid dysfunction in women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79 1994 10 16
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.79 , pp. 10-16
    • Alvarez-Marfany, M.1    Roman, S.2    Drexler, A.3    Robertson, C.4    Stagnaro-Green, A.5
  • 98
    • 1042279542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ADA Position Statement: Gestational diabetes mellitus
    • ADA Position Statement: gestational diabetes mellitus Diabetes Care 27 Suppl 1 2004 S88 S90
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , Issue.1
  • 99
    • 8844247467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes: Effects of the degree of hyperglycemia and the gestational age at diagnosis
    • J.S. Sheffield, B.M. Casey, M.J. Lucas, K. Rezai, D.D. McIntire, and K.J. Leveno Gestational diabetes: effects of the degree of hyperglycemia and the gestational age at diagnosis Soc Gyn Inv 6 1999 6A 8A
    • (1999) Soc Gyn Inv , vol.6
    • Sheffield, J.S.1    Casey, B.M.2    Lucas, M.J.3    Rezai, K.4    McIntire, D.D.5    Leveno, K.J.6
  • 101
    • 0019961590 scopus 로고
    • Body weight and subsequent diabetes mellitus
    • J.B. O'Sullivan Body weight and subsequent diabetes mellitus JAMA 248 1982 949 952
    • (1982) JAMA , vol.248 , pp. 949-952
    • O'Sullivan, J.B.1
  • 102
    • 0021882040 scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes mellitus: Correlations between the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the mother and abnormal glucose tolerance during the first year postpartum
    • B.E. Metzger, D.E. Bybee, N. Freinkel, R.L. Phelps, R.M. Radvany, and N. Vaisrub Gestational diabetes mellitus: correlations between the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the mother and abnormal glucose tolerance during the first year postpartum Diabetes 34 Suppl 2 1985 111 115
    • (1985) Diabetes , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 111-115
    • Metzger, B.E.1    Bybee, D.E.2    Freinkel, N.3    Phelps, R.L.4    Radvany, R.M.5    Vaisrub, N.6
  • 103
    • 0029052285 scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes mellitus: Antenatal variables as predictors of postpartum glucose intolerance
    • L.R. Greenberg, T.R. Moore, and H. Murphy Gestational diabetes mellitus: antenatal variables as predictors of postpartum glucose intolerance Obstet Gynecol 86 1995 97 101
    • (1995) Obstet Gynecol , vol.86 , pp. 97-101
    • Greenberg, L.R.1    Moore, T.R.2    Murphy, H.3
  • 105
    • 8844221583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACOG
    • ACOG Pract Bull 2001
    • (2001) Pract Bull
  • 106
    • 0141613055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatments for gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy(Cochrane Review)
    • John Wiley & Sons, LTD Chichester (UK)
    • D.J. Tuffnal, J. West, and S.A. Walinshaw Treatments for gestational diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy(Cochrane Review) The Cochrane Library 2004 John Wiley & Sons, LTD Chichester (UK) [issue 3]
    • (2004) The Cochrane Library
    • Tuffnal, D.J.1    West, J.2    Walinshaw, S.A.3
  • 107
    • 8844239494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population impact of universal screening for gestational diabetes
    • B.M. Casey, M.J. Lucas, D.D. McIntire, and K.J. Leveno Population impact of universal screening for gestational diabetes Am J Obstet Gyn 180 1999 536 539
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gyn , vol.180 , pp. 536-539
    • Casey, B.M.1    Lucas, M.J.2    McIntire, D.D.3    Leveno, K.J.4
  • 108
    • 0020465887 scopus 로고
    • Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes
    • M.W Carpenter, and D.R. Coustan Criteria for screening tests for gestational diabetes Am J Obstet Gynecol 144 1982 768 773
    • (1982) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.144 , pp. 768-773
    • Carpenter, M.W.1    Coustan, D.R.2
  • 109
    • 0034687440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
    • O. Langer, D.L. Conway, M.D. Berkus, E.M. Xenakis, and O. Gonzales A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 343 16 2000 1134 1138
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , Issue.16 , pp. 1134-1138
    • Langer, O.1    Conway, D.L.2    Berkus, M.D.3    Xenakis, E.M.4    Gonzales, O.5
  • 110
    • 0041736553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin: New understandings, new uses
    • R.S. Hundal, and S.E. Inzucchi Metformin: new understandings, new uses Drugs 63 2003 1879 1894
    • (2003) Drugs , vol.63 , pp. 1879-1894
    • Hundal, R.S.1    Inzucchi, S.E.2
  • 111
    • 0036781530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review
    • C. Kim Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review Diabetes Care 25 2002 1862 1868
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1862-1868
    • Kim, C.1
  • 112
    • 0035799806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group P.
    • J. Tuomilehto, J. Lindstrom, J.G. Eriksson, T.T. Valle, H. Hamalainen, P. Ilanne-Parikka Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance N Engl J Med 344 2001 1343 1350
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Tuomilehto, J.1    Lindstrom, J.2    Eriksson, J.G.3    Valle, T.T.4    Hamalainen, H.5    Ilanne-Parikka6
  • 113
    • 0037034257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
    • Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group E.A.
    • W.C. Knowler, E. Barrett-Connor, S.E. Fowler, R.F. Hamman, J.M. Lachin, E.A. Walker Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin N Engl J Med 346 2002 393 403
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 393-403
    • Knowler, W.C.1    Barrett-Connor, E.2    Fowler, S.E.3    Hamman, R.F.4    Lachin, J.M.5    Walker6
  • 114
    • 0036724346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of pancreatic beta cell function and prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high risk Hispanic women
    • T.A. Buchanan, A.H. Xiang, R.K. Peters, S.L. Kjos, A. Marroquin, and J. Goico Preservation of pancreatic beta cell function and prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high risk Hispanic women Diabetes 51 2002 2796 2803
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 2796-2803
    • Buchanan, T.A.1    Xiang, A.H.2    Peters, R.K.3    Kjos, S.L.4    Marroquin, A.5    Goico, J.6
  • 115
    • 0242466043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continued protection from diabetes during treatment of the TRIPOD cohort with pioglitazone
    • A. Xiang, R. Peters, K. Siri, A. Maroquin, C. Ochoa, and S. Tan Continued protection from diabetes during treatment of the TRIPOD cohort with pioglitazone Diabetes 52 Suppl 1 2003 A75
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , Issue.1
    • Xiang, A.1    Peters, R.2    Siri, K.3    Maroquin, A.4    Ochoa, C.5    Tan, S.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.