Tears from Iron: Cultural Responses to Famine in Nineteenth-Century China

Tears from Iron: Cultural Responses to Famine in Nineteenth-Century China

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-333

  Edgerton Tarpley, Kathryn ^a  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85206048513     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (319)

1. Ahern, Emily Martin. “The Power and Pollution of Chinese Women.” In Women in Chinese Society. Edited by Margery Wolf and Roxane Witke, 193–214. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1975.
2. Aliakebaer [Ali Akbar]. Zhongguo jixing (Notes on a trip to China). Beijing: Sanlian Shudian, 1988.
3. Alter, George, Matteo Manfredini, and Paul Nystedt. “Gender and Mortality: A Eurasian Comparison.” Paper presented at the 24th General Population Conference, Salvador, Brazil, August 2001.
4. Appelbaum, Paul S., Lisa A. Uyehara, and Mark R. Elin, editors. Trauma and Memory: Clinical and Legal Controversies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
5. Arnold, David. Famine: Social Crisis and Historical Change. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.
6. Ashton, Basil, et al. “Famine in China, 1958–1961.” Population and Development Review 10.4 (December 1984): 613–45.
7. Ayers, William. Chang Chi-tung and Educational Reform in China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971.
8. Barber, W. T. A. David Hill: Missionary and Saint. London: Charles H. Kelly, 1898.
9. Barlow, Tani E. The Question of Women in Chinese Feminism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.
10. Bartlett, Beatrice. Monarchs and Ministers: The Grand Council in Mid-Ch’ing China, 1723–1820. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
11. Bastid, Marianne. “Qingyi and the Self-Strengthening Movement.” In Proceedings of the Conference on the Self-Strengthening Movement in Late-Ch’ing China, 1860–1894, part 2, 873–93. Compiled by Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica. Taipei: 1988.
12. Bayly, C. A. “Ireland, India, and the Empire: 1780–1914.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th ser., 10 (2000): 377–97.
13. Beahan, Charlotte. “The Women’s Movement and Nationalism in Late Ch’ing China.” Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1976.
14. Becker, Jasper. Hungry Ghosts: Mao’s Secret Famine. NewYork: Free Press, 1996.
15. Beizhuan jibu (Supplementary collection of stele biographies). Compiled by Min Erchang. 1923. Reprint, Qingdai zhuanji congkan 123. Taipei: Mingwen shuju, 1985.
16. Bhatia, B. M. Famines in India: A Study in Some Aspects of the Economic History of India with Special Reference to Food Problems, 1860–1990. Bombay: Konark Publishers, 1991.
17. Blair, Charles. Indian Famines: Their Historical, Financial, and Other Aspects. London: William Blackwood & Sons, 1874.
18. Bland, J. O. P., and E. Backhouse. China under the Empress Dowager: Being the History of the Life and Times of Tzu Hsi. London: Heinemann, 1911.
19. Bohr, Paul Richard. Famine in China and the Missionary: Timothy Richard as Relief Administrator and Advocate of National Reform, 1876–1884. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
20. Brewster, Scott, and Virginia Crossman. “Re-writing the Famine: Witnessing in Crisis.” In Ireland in Proximity: History, Gender, Space. Edited by Scott Brewster et al., 42–58. New York: Routledge, 1999.
21. Britton, Roswell S. The Chinese Periodical Press, 1800–1912. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, 1933.
22. Brokaw, Cynthia. The Ledgers of Merit and Demerit: Social Change and Moral Order in Late Imperial China. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
23. Brook, Timothy, and Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, editors. Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
24. Brownell, Susan, and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, editors. Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
25. Cahill, Kevin M. Famine. New York: Orbis Books, 1982.
26. Campbell, Cameron D., and James Z. Lee. “Price Fluctuations, Family Structure, and Mortality in Two Rural Chinese Populations: Household Responses to Economic Stress in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Liaoning.” In Population and Economy: From Hunger to Modern Economic Growth. Edited by T. Bengtsson and O. Saito, 371–419. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
27. Cao Xinyu. “Qingdai Shanxi de liangshi fanyun luxian” (Routes for the sale of grain in Qing dynasty Shanxi). Zhongguo lishi dili luncong 2 (1998): 159–67.
28. Celestial Empire: A Journal of Native and Foreign Affairs in the Far East. Shanghai, 1876–80.
29. Chai Jiguang. “Xuelei banban shi leshi zhu houren: du Guangxu sannian zaiqing beiwen zhaji” (Blood-tears affairs carved into stone to exhort later people: Commentary on reading stele inscriptions concerning disaster conditions in Guangxu 3). Hedong shike yanjiu (Hedong stone inscription research), no. 1 (1994): 33–37.
30. Chandler, Daniel. Semiotics: The Basics. New York: Routledge, 2002.
31. Chang, K. C. Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977.
32. Chen Cungong. “Zhang Zhidong zai Shanxi, 1882–1884” (Zhang Zhidong in Shanxi). Zhongyang yanjiuyuan jindai shi yanjiu suo jikan 17 (1988): 1–33.
33. Chen, Jerome. State Economic Policies of the Ch’ing Government, 1840–1895. New York: Garland, 1980.
34. Chen Yongqin. “Guangxu shiqi Qingliu pai dui nongye youguan wenti suo ti jianyi jiqi shiwuxing” (The pragmatic recommendations regarding agricultural problems promoted by the Guangxu-period Qingliu group). Zhongguo nong shi 3 (1994): 39–47.
35. Chen Yongqin. “Wan Qing Qingliu pai de xumin sixiang” (The late-Qing Qingliu group’s ideology of relieving the people). Lishi dangan 2 (2003): 105–12.
36. Cheng Yi. Henan Chengshi yishu (Transmitted sayings of the Cheng brothers of Henan). In Sibu beiyao. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju, 1927–37.
37. China’s Millions. China Inland Mission. London, 1877–1881.
38. Chong, Key Ray. Cannibalism in China. Wakefield, NH: Longwood Academic, 1990.
39. “Chouban ge sheng huangzheng an” (Proposals for preparing famine relief policies for each province). In Guojia tushuguan cang Qingdai guben neige liubu dangan, 38: 18455–963. Compiled by Sun Xuelei and Liu Jiaping. Beijing: Quanguo tushuguan wenxian suowei fuzhi zhongxin, 2003.
40. “Chouban ge sheng huangzheng an chaodang mulu” (Catalogue of proposals for preparing famine relief policies for each province). In Guojia tushuguan cang Qingdai guben neige liubu dangan, 37: 18375–413. Compiled by Sun Xuelei and Liu Jiaping. Beijing: Quanguo tushuguan wenxian suowei fuzhi zhongxin, 2003.
41. Chronicle of the London Missionary Society for the Year 1878. (London, 1878).
42. Chu, Samuel C., and Kwang-Ching Liu, editors. Li Hung-chang and China’s Early Modernization. London: M. E. Sharpe, 1993.
43. Chu, Wen-Djang. The Moslem Rebellion in Northwest China, 1862–1878. Paris: Mouton, 1966.
44. Cohen, Paul. Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T’ao and Reform in Late Ch’ing China. Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, 1987.
45. Cohen, Paul. China and Christianity: The Missionary Movement and the Growth of Chinese Antiforeignism, 1860–1870. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963.
46. Cohen, Paul. History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event, Experience, and Myth. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
47. Committee of the China Famine Relief Fund. The Famine in China: Illustrations by a Native Artist with a Translation of the Chinese Text. Translated by James Legge. London: Kegan Paul & Co., 1879.
48. Confucius. The Analects. Translated and with an introduction by D. C. Lau. London: Penguin Books, 1979.
49. Conquest, Robert. The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and theTerrorFamine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
50. Daly, Mary. “Revisionism and Irish History: The Great Famine.” In The Making of Modern Irish History. Edited by D. George Boyce and Alan O’Day, 71–88. London: Routledge, 1996.
51. Davis, Mike. Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World. London: Verso, 2001.
52. de Bary, William Theodore, and Irene Bloom, compilers. Sources of Chinese Tradition: From Earliest Times to 1600, 2nd ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
53. Deng Yunte. Zhongguo jiuhuang shi (The history of famine relief in China). Taipei: Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan gufen youxian gongsi, 1970.
54. Dezong shilu (Veritable records of the Guangxu emperor), part 2. In Qing shilu (Veritable records of the Qing), vol. 53. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1987.
55. Digby, William. The Famine Campaign in Southern India, 1876–1878. 2 vols. London: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1878.
56. Dong, Madeleine Yue. “Communities and Communication: A Study of the Case ofYang Naiwu, 1873–1877.” Late Imperial China 16.1 (June 1995): 79–119.
57. Dongfang zazhi (Far eastern miscellany). Shanghai, 1920.
58. Donnelly, James S., Jr. “The Construction of the Memory of the Famine in Ireland and the Irish Diaspora, 1850–1900.” Eire-Ireland 31.1 (Spring 1996): 7–25.
59. Dreze, Jean, Amartya Sen, and Athar Hussain, editors. The Political Economy of Hunger: Selected Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
60. Duara, Prasenjit. “The Regime of Authenticity: Timelessness, Gender, and National History in Modern China.” History and Theory 37.3 (October 1998): 287–308.
61. Dunstan, Helen. Conflicting Counsels to Confuse the Age: A Documentary Study of Political Economy in Qing China, 1644–1840. Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Chinese Studies, 1996.
62. Dyson, Tim, and Cormac Ó Gráda. Famine Demography: Perspectives from Past and Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
63. East India (Report of Famine Commission): Proceedings of the Commission and Selected Evidence, appendix 2. Cmnd. 3086. 1882.
64. Eastman, Lloyd. “Ch’ing-i and Chinese Policy Formation during the Nineteenth Century.” Journal of Asian Studies 24.4 (August 1965): 595–611.
65. Eastman, Lloyd. Thrones and Mandarins: China’s Search for a Policy during the SinoFrench Controversy, 1880–1885. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.
66. Eberhard, Wolfram. A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and Thought. Translated by G. L. Campbell. London: Routledge, 1986.
67. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing about Rites. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
68. Edgerton, Kathryn. “The Semiotics of Starvation in Late-Qing China: Cultural Responses to the ‘Incredible Famine’ of 1876–1879.” PhD diss., Indiana University, 2002.
69. Edgerton-Tarpley, Kathryn. “Family and Gender in Famine: Cultural Responses to Disaster in North China, 1876–1879.” Journal of Women’s History 16.4 (2004): 119–47.
70. Edgerton-Tarpley, Kathryn. “The ‘Feminization of Famine,’ the Feminization of Nationalism: Famine and Social Activism in Treaty-Port Shanghai, 1876–9.” Social History 30.4 (November 2005): 421–43.
71. Elman, Benjamin. “The Relevance of Sung Learning in the Late Ch’ing: WeiYuan and the Huang-ch’ao ching-shih wen-pien.” Late Imperial China 9.2 (December 1988): 56–85.
72. Elvin, Mark. “Who Was Responsible for the Weather? Moral Meteorology in Late Imperial China.” Osiris, 2nd ser., 12 (1998): 213–37.
73. Elvin, Mark and G. William Skinner, editors. The Chinese City between Two Worlds. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1974.
74. Fei Xingjian. Jindai mingren xiaozhuan (Biographical sketches of eminent persons in the Modern era). Shanghai: Chongwen shuju, 1926. Reprinted in Jindai Zhongguo shiliao congkan 78. Taipei: Guangwen shuju, 1980.
75. Feng Jinniu. “Sheng Xuanhuai dang’an zhong de Zhongguo jindai zaizhen shiliao” (The Sheng Xuanhuai Archives: Modern China’s disaster relief materials). Qingshi Yanjiu 3 (2000): 94–100.
76. Fitzgerald, John. Awakening China: Politics, Culture, and Class in the Nationalist Revolution. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
77. Fitzpatrick, David. “Women and the Great Famine.” In Gender Perspectives in Nineteenth Century Ireland: Public and Private Spheres. Edited by Margaret
78. Kelleher and James H. Murphy, 50–69. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1997.
79. Foley, Tadhg, and Sean Ryder, editors. Ideology and Ireland in the Nineteenth Century. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1998.
80. Forrest, R. J. “Report of R. J. Forrest, Esq., H.B.M. Consul at Tien-tsin, and Chairman of the Famine Relief Committee at Tien-tsin.” In China’s Millions (November 1879): 134–39.
81. Gang Yue. The Mouth That Begs: Hunger, Cannibalism, and the Politics of Eating in Modern China. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999.
82. Geertz, Clifford. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
83. Gittings, John. Real China: From Cannibalism to Karaoke. London: Simon & Schuster, 1996.
84. Goodman, Bryna. “Improvisations on a Semicolonial Theme, or, How to Read a Celebration of Transnational Urban Community.” Journal of Asian Studies 59.4 (November 2000): 889–926.
85. Goodman, Bryna. Native Place, City, and Nation: Regional Networks and Identities in Shanghai, 1853–1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
86. Gordon, C. A. An Epitome of the Reports of the Medical Officers to the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Service from 1871 to 1882. London: Bailliere, Tindall, & Cox, 1884.
87. Grady, Lolan Wang. “The Career of I-Hsin, Prince Kung, 1858–1880: A CaseStudy of the Limits of Reform in the Late Ch’ing.” PhD diss., University of Toronto, 1980.
88. Greenough, Paul. “Comments from a South Asian Perspective: Food, Famine, and the Chinese State.” Journal of Asian Studies 41.4 (August, 1982): 789–97.
89. Greenough, Paul. Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal: The Famine of 1943–1944. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982.
90. Gray, Peter. “Ideology and the Famine.” In The Great Irish Famine. Edited by Cathal Poirteir, 86–103. Dublin: Mercier Press, 1995.
91. Grimm, Alice M. “The El Niño Impact on the Summer Monsoon in Brazil: Regional Processes versus Remote Influences.” Journal of Climate 16.2 (January 2003): 263.
92. Gronewold, Sue. Beautiful Merchandise: Prostitution in China, 1860–1936. New York: Institute for Research in History and Haworth Press, 1982.
93. Guangxu chao Donghualu (Guangxu reign period [1875–1908] records from the Eastern Gate), 5 vols. Compiled by Zhu Shoupeng, 1909. Reprint, Beijing: Zhonghua shuju chubanshe, 1958.
94. Guangxu sannian nianjing lu (Annual record of the third year of the Guangxu reign). Taiyuan: Shanxi sheng renmin weiyuanhui bangong ting, 1961.
95. Guangxu sannian nianjing lu, xubian (Annual record of the third year of the Guangxu reign, continuation). Taiyuan: Shanxi sheng renmin weiyuanhui bangong ting, 1962.
96. “Guoju mai er, tian cijin” (Guoju buries his son and heaven blesses him with gold). In Baixiao tushuo (A hundred filial piety illustrations and sayings). Compiled by Guo Lianqing. Beijing: Zhongguo shudian, 1996.
97. Handlin Smith, Joanna. “Benevolent Societies: The Reshaping of Charity during the Late Ming and Early Qing.” Journal of Asian Studies 46.2 (1987): 309–35.
98. Handlin Smith, Joanna. “Chinese Philanthropy as Seen through a Case of Famine Relief in the 1640s.” In Philanthropy in theWorld’sTraditions. Edited by Warren Ilchman, Stanley N. Katz, and Edward L. Queen, II, 133–68. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
99. Hao, Yen-p’ing. The Comprador in Nineteenth-Century China: Bridge between East and West. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970.
100. Harrison, Henrietta. The Making of the Republican Citizen: Political Ceremonies and Symbols in China, 1911–1929. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
101. Harrison, Henrietta. The Man Awakened from Dreams: One Man’s Life in a North China Village, 1857–1942. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005.
102. Harrison, Henrietta. “Newspapers and Nationalism in Rural China, 1890–1929.” Past and Present 166 (1999): 181–204.
103. Hayden, Tom, editor. Irish Hunger: Personal Reflections on the Legacy of the Famine. Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart, 1997.
104. He Hanwei. Guangxu chunian (1876–79) Huabei de da hanzai (The great Huabei region drought disaster of the early Guangxu period). Hong Kong: Zhongwen daxue chubanshe, 1980.
105. Hejin xianzhi (Gazetteer of Hejin County). 1880.
106. Herman, Judith Lewis. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books, 1997.
107. Hershatter, Gail. “Modernizing Sex, Sexing Modernity: Prostitution in EarlyTwentieth-Century Shanghai.” In Brownell and Wasserstrom, Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities, 199–225.
108. Hill, David. Papers and Letters. Methodist Missionary Society collection. Library Archives and Manuscripts, School of Oriental and African Studies, London.
109. Hillier, Walter C. “Report of Walter Hillier, Esq., H.M.B Consular Service,” submitted to the chairman of the China Famine Relief Committee in Shanghai. In North China Herald and Supreme Court and Consular Gazette, 15 April 1879. Also published in full in China’s Millions (1880): 4–8, 20–24.
110. Hongdong xianzhi (Gazetteer of Hongdong County). 1917. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 79. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1968.
111. Horowitz, Richard. “Central Power and State-Making: The Zongli Yamen and Self-Strengthening in China, 1860–1880.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 1998.
112. Hsiung Ping-chen. “Constructed Emotions: The Bond Between Mothers and Sons in Late Imperial China. Late Imperial China 15, no. 1 (June 1994): 87–111.
113. Hsiung Ping-chen. “Sons and Mothers: Demographic Realities and the Chinese Culture of Hsiao.” In Women in the New Taiwan: Gender Roles and Gender Consciousness in a Changing Society. Edited by Catherine Farris, Anru Lee, and Murray Rubinstein, 14–40. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2004.
114. Hsu, Immanuel C. Y. . China’s Entrance into the Family of Nations: The Diplomatic Phase, 1858–1880. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960.
115. Hsu, Immanuel C. Y. . . “The Great Policy Debate in China, 1874: Maritime Defense vs. Frontier Defense.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 25 (1964–65): 212–28.
116. Huang Jianhui. Shanxi piaohao shi (A history of the Shanxi banks). Taiyuan: Shanxi jingji chubanshe, 1992.
117. Huang, Philip C. The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985.
118. Hulme, Peter. Colonial Encounters: Europe and the Native Caribbean, 1492–1797. London: Methuen, 1986.
119. Hummel, Arthur W. Eminent Chinese of the Ch’ing Period, 2 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Print Office, 1943. Reprint, Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc., 1991.
120. Janku, Andrea. “Documenting the North-China Famine: The Chapter on ‘Relief Affairs’ in the Xiangling xianzhi.” Paper prepared for the conference “Qing Dynasty Natural Disasters and Chinese Society,” Qing Research Institute of the People’s University of China, 21–24 August 2005, Beijing.
121. Janku, Andrea. “Integrating the Body Politic: Official Perspectives on the Administration of Relief during the ‘Great North-China Famine.’” Paper presented at the Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting, 4–7 March 2004, San Diego.
122. Janku, Andrea. “The North-China Famine of 1876–1879: Performance and Impact of a Non-event,” in Measuring Historical Heat: Event, Performance, and Impact in China and the West. Symposium in Honour of Rudolf G. Wagner on His 60th Birthday. Heidelberg, 3–4 November 2001. www.sino.uni-heidelberg .de/conf/symposium2.pdf.
123. Janku, Andrea. “Sowing Happiness: Spiritual Competition in Famine Relief Activities in Late Nineteenth-Century China. Minsu Quyi 143 (March 2004): 89–118.
124. Janoff-Bulman, Ronnie. Shattered Assumptions: Towards a New Psychology of Trauma. New York: Free Press, 1992.
125. Jing, Jun. “Male Ancestors and Female Deities: Finding Memories of Trauma in a Chinese Village.” In Disturbing Remains: Memory, History, and Crisis in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Michael S. Roth and Charles G. Salas, 207–26. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2001.
126. Jing Yuanshan. Juyi chuji (Dwelling in leisure, first collection). 3 vols. Shanghai, 1902.
127. Johnson, David. “The City-God Cults of T’ang and Sung China.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 45.2 (December 1985): 363–457.
128. Johnson, David, Andrew J. Nathan, and Evelyn S. Rawski, editors. Popular Culture in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
129. Johnson, Linda Cook, editor. Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.
130. Kane, Penny. Famine in China, 1959–61: Demographic and Social Implications. London: Macmillan Press, 1988.
131. Katz, Paul. “‘It is Difficult to Be Indifferent to One’s Roots’: Taizhou Sojourners and Flood Relief during the 1920s.” Bulletin of the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica 54 (December 2006): 1–58.
132. Kelleher, Margaret. The Feminization of Famine: Expressions of the Inexpressible? Cork, UK: Cork University Press, 1997.
133. Killen, John. The Famine Decade: Contemporary Accounts, 1841–1851. Belfast: Blackstaff Press, 1995.
134. Kissane, Noel. The Irish Famine: A Documentary History. Dublin: National Library of Ireland, 1995.
135. Kleinman, Arthur, and Joan Kleinman. “The Appeal of Experience; The Dismay of Images: Cultural Appropriations of Suffering in Our Times.” Daedalus 125.1 (1996): 1–24.
136. Kleinman, Arthur, and Joan Kleinman, et al., editors. Culture and Healing in Asian Societies: Anthropological, Psychiatric, and Public Health Studies. Cambridge: Schenkman, 1978.
137. Kristeva, Julia. “Stabat Mater.” 1977. Translated in The Julia Kristeva Reader. Edited by Toril Moi. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.
138. Laird, Charlton, and the editors of Webster’s New World dictionaries. Webster’s New World Roget’s A–Z Thesaurus. Edited by Michael Agnes. New York: Macmillan USA, 1999.
139. Lechte, John. Fifty Key Contemporary Thinkers: From Structuralism to Postmodernity. London: Routledge, 1994.
140. Lee, James Z., and Cameron D. Campbell. Fate and Fortune in Rural China: Social Organization and Population Behavior in Liaoning, 1774–1873. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
141. Lee, James Z., and Wang Feng. One Quarter of Humanity: Malthusian Mythology and Chinese Realities, 1700–2000. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
142. Lentin, Ronit, editor. Gender and Catastrophe. London: Zed Books, 1997.
143. Leonard, Jane Kate, and John R. Watt, editors. To Achieve Security and Wealth: The Qing Imperial State and the Economy, 1644–1911. Ithaca, NY: Cornell East Asia Series, 1992.
144. Levenson, Joseph. Confucian China and Its Modern Fate: A Trilogy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.
145. Li Fubin. “Qingdai zhonghouqi Zhili Shanxi chuantong nongyequ kenzhi shulun” (An account of land reclamation in the traditional agricultural areas of Zhili and Shanxi during the mid and late Qing). Zhongguo lishi dili luncong 2 (1994): 147–66.
146. Li, Lillian M. Fighting Famine in North China: State, Market, and Environmental Decline, 1690s–1990s. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.
147. Li, Lillian M. “Introduction: Food, Famine, and the Chinese State.” Journal of Asian Studies 41.4 (August 1982): 687–707.
148. Li, Lillian M. “Life and Death in a Chinese Famine: Infanticide as a Demographic Consequence of the 1935 Yellow River Flood.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 33.3 (1991): 466–510.
149. Li Sui. Jinyou riji (Diary of travels in Shanxi). Edited by Huang Jianhui. Taiyuan: Shanxi renmin chubanshe, 1989.
150. Li Wenhai. Jindai Zhongguo zaihuang jinian (A chronological record of disasters in Modern China). Hunan: Hunan jiaoyu chubanshe, 1990.
151. Li Wenhai, Cheng Xiao, Liu Yangdong, and Xia Mingfang. Zhongguo jindai shi da zaihuang (The ten great disasters of China’s modern period). Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1994.
152. Li Wenhai and Xia Mingfang, editors. Tian you xiongnian: Qingdai zaihuang yu Zhongguo shehui (Heaven sends bad years: Disasters and Chinese society during the Qing dynasty). Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing, 2007.
153. Li Wenhai and Zhou Yuan. Zaihuang yu jijin, 1840–1919 (Disaster and famine, 1840–1919). Beijing: Xinhua shudian, 1991.
154. Liang Peicai (Qing). “Shanxi miliang wen” (A Shanxi essay on grain). In Guangxu sannian nianjing lu, 77–99. Taiyuan: Shanxi sheng remin weiyuan hui bangong ting, 1961.
155. Lin, Man-houng. “Late Qing Perceptions of Native Opium.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 64.1 (June 2004): 117–44.
156. Lin, Man-houng. “Two Social Theories Revealed: Statecraft Controversies over China’s Monetary Crisis, 1808–1854.” Late Imperial China 12.2 (December 1991): 1–35.
157. Lin Yutang. A History of the Press and Public Opinion in China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1936.
158. Lin Yutang. “Feminist Thought in Ancient China.” T’ien Hsia Monthly 1.2 (1935): 127–50.
159. Lindqvist, Cecilia. China: Empire of Living Symbols. Translated by Joan Tate. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1991.
160. Linfen xianzhi (Gazetteer of Linfen County). 1933. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 415. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1968.
161. Linjin xianzhi (Gazetteer of Linjin County). 1923. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 420. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1976.
162. Little, Daniel. Understanding Peasant China: Case Studies in the Philosophy of Social Science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.
163. Liu Fengxiang. “Qianxi ‘Dingwu qihuang’ de yuanyin” (A brief analysis of the causes of the ‘Incredible Famine of 1877–78”). Jining shizhuan xuebao 4 (2000): 1–3.
164. Liu Rentuan. “‘Dingwu qihuang’ dui Shanxi renkou de yingxiang (The influence of the “Incredible Famine of 1877–78” on Shanxi’s population). In Ziran zaihai yu Zhongguo shehui lishi jiegou (Natural disasters and social structure in Chinese history). Edited by Institute of Chinese Historical Geography, Fudan University, 91–131. Shanghai: Fudan daxue chubanshe, 2001.
165. Liu Xing (Qing). Huangnian ge (Song of the famine years). 1897. Edited version published in Yuncheng zaiyi lu (Record of disasters in Yuncheng). Compiled and edited by Zhang Bowen and Wang Mancang, 105–14. Yuncheng:Yuncheng shizhi ban, 1986. Unedited manuscript copy owned by Nan Xianghai.
166. Lu Xun, Selected Stories of Lu Hsun. Translated by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang. Peking: Foreign Language Press, 1978.
167. Ma Guangren. Shanghai xinwen shi, 1850–1949 (History of the press in Shanghai, 1850–1949). Shanghai: Fudan daxue chubanshe, 1996.
168. Macintyre, Kate. “Famine and the Female Mortality Advantage.” In Dyson and Ó Gráda, Famine Demography, 240–59.
169. Mallory, Walter H. China: Land of Famine. New York: American Geographical Society, 1926.
170. Mann, Susan. Precious Records: Women in China’s Long Eighteenth Century. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997.
171. Mann, Susan. “Widows in the Kinship, Class, and Community Structures of Qing Dynasty China.” Journal of Asian Studies 46.1 (1987): 37–56.
172. McAlpin, Michelle Burge. Subject to Famine: Food Crises and Economic Change in Western India, 1860–1920. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.
173. Mencius. Translated and with an introduction by D. C. Lau. London: Penguin Books, 1970.
174. Missionary Herald, The. Baptist Missionary Society, 1876–1881. London.
175. Mittler, Barbara. A Newspaper for China? Power, Identity, and Change in Shanghai’s News Media, 1872–1912. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
176. Mittler, Barbara. “‘My Brother Is a Man-Eater’: Cannibalism before and after May Fourth.” In Festschrift fürWolfgang Kubin. Edited by C. Schwermann. Bonn: Bonn University Press, 2007.
177. Mokyr, Joel, and Cormac Ó Gráda. “Famine Disease and Famine Mortality.” In Dyson and Ó Gráda, Famine Demography, 19–43.
178. Morash, Chris. “Famine/Holocaust: Fragmented Bodies.” Eire-Ireland 32.1 (Spring 1997): 136–50.
179. Morash, Chris. The Hungry Voice: The Poetry of the Irish Famine. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1989.
180. Morash, Chris. Writing the Irish Famine. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
181. Morash, Chris and Richard Hayes, editors. “Fearful Realities”: New Perspectives on the Famine. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1996.
182. Morse, H. M. The International Relations of the Chinese Empire, vol. 2. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1918.
183. Muhlhahn, Klaus. “ Remembering a Bitter Past’: The Trauma of China’s Labor Camps, 1949–1978,” History & Memory 16.2 (Fall–Winter 2004): 108–39.
184. Nathan, Andrew J. A History of the China International Famine Relief Commission. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.
185. North China Herald and Supreme Court and Consular Gazette. Shanghai, 1876–1880.
186. O’Flaherty, Liam. Famine. 1937. Reprint, Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 2000.
187. Ó Gráda, Cormac. Black ’47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.
188. Ó Gráda, Cormac. “Famine, Trauma, and Memory.” Béaloideas 69 (2001): 121–43.
189. O’Sullivan, Patrick, and Richard Lucking. “The Famine World Wide: the Irish Famine and the Development of Famine Policy and Famine Theory.” In The Meaning of the Famine. Edited by Patrick O’Sullivan, 195–231. London: Leicester University Press, 1997.
190. Pao Chao Hsieh. The Government of China, 1644–1911. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1925.
191. Peking Gazette (Jingbao). Excerpts translated by the North China Herald and excerpts reprinted in the Shenbao. Shanghai, 1876–1880.
192. Peking United International Famine Relief Committee. The North China Famine of 1920–1921, with Special Reference to the West Chili Area. 1922. Reprint, Taipei: Ch’eng-wen, 1971.
193. Perdue, Peter C. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005.
194. Pillemer, David B. Momentous Events, Vivid Memories. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
195. Pinglu xian xuzhi (A continuation of the gazetteer of Pinglu County). 1932.
196. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 426. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1968.
197. Pingyao xianzhi (Gazetteer of Pingyao County). 1883.
198. Poirteir, Cathal. Famine Echoes. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1995.
199. Poirteir, Cathal, editor. The Great Irish Famine. Dublin: Mercier Press, 1995.
200. Polachek, James. The Inner Opium War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
201. Pomeranz, Kenneth. The Making of a Hinterland: State, Society, and Economy in Inland North China, 1853–1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
202. Pong, David. Shen Pao-chen and China’s Modernization in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
203. Qi Yu Jin Zhi zhenjuan zhengxin lu (Statement of accounts for relief contributions for Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, and Zhili). N.p., 1881.
204. Qingdai qibai mingren zhuan (Biographies of seven hundred famous personalities of the Qing dynasty). Edited by Cai Guanluo. 1937. Reprint, Beijing: Zhongguo shudian, 1984.
205. Qingshiduo (Anthology of poems from the Qing period). 2 vols. Compiled by Zhang Yingchang. 1869. Reprint, Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1983.
206. Qingshigao liezhuan (Biographies in the draft history of the Qing dynasty). Compiled by Zhao Ersun. N.d. Reprint, Qingdai zhuanji congkan, 89–95. Taipei: Mingwen shuju, 1985.
207. Qinyuan xianzhi (Gazetteer of Qinyuan County). 1933. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 404. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1976.
208. Quinn, Peter. “Introduction: An Interpretation of Silences.” Eire-Ireland 32.1 (Spring 1997): 7–19.
209. Rankin, Mary. Elite Activism and Political Transformation in China: Zhejiang Province, 1865–1911. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1986.
210. Rankin, Mary. “‘Public Opinion’ and Political Power: Qingyi in Late Nineteenth Century China.” Journal of Asian Studies 41.3 (May 1982): 453–84.
211. Rawski, Evelyn Sakakida. Education and Popular Literacy in Ch’ing China. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1979.
212. Read, Bernard E. Famine Foods Listed in the Chiu Huang Pen Ts’ao. Reprint, Taipei: Southern Materials Center, 1982.
213. “Report on the Famine in the Northern Provinces of China.” Irish University Press Area Studies Series. British Parliamentary Papers. China, 42.2 (1878): 1–19.
214. Richard, Timothy. Forty-five Years in China: Reminiscences. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1916.
215. Riskin, Carl. “Seven Questions about the Chinese Famine of 1959–1961.” China Economic Review 9.2 (1998): 111–24.
216. Rowe, William. Saving the World: Chen Hongmou and Elite Consciousness in Eighteenth-Century China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001.
217. Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
218. Sands, Barbara. “Agricultural Decision-Making under Uncertainty: The Case of the Shanxi Farmers, 1931–1936. Explorations in Economic History 26 (1989): 339–59.
219. Sands, Barbara. “An Investigation into the Nature and Extent of the Market in Shanxi Province, China: 1928–1945.” PhD diss., University of Washington, 1985.
220. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. Death without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
221. Schwarcz, Vera. Bridge across Broken Time: Chinese and Jewish Cultural Memory. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998.
222. Schwarcz, Vera. “Circling the Void: Memory in the Life and Poetry of the Manchu Prince Yihuan (1840–1891).” History & Memory 16.2 (Fall–Winter 2004): 32–66.
223. Schwarcz, Vera. “The Pane of Sorrow: Public Uses of Personal Grief in Modern China.” Daedalus 125.1 (Winter 1996): 119–48.
224. Sen, Amartya. “Food, Economics, and Entitlements.” In The Political Economy of Hunger: Selected Essays. Edited by Jean Dreze, Amartya Sen, and Athar Hussain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
225. Sen, Amartya. “Nobody Need Starve.” Granta 52 (Winter 1995): 219–20.
226. Sen, Amartya. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.
227. Shanxi tongzhi (Gazetteer of Shanxi Province). Compiled by Zeng Guoquan and Wang Xuan. 1892.
228. Shenbao (The Shenbao Daily News). Shanghai, 1876–1881.
229. “Si sheng gao zai tu qi,” shou juan (Pictures reporting the disaster in the four provinces, opening volume). In Qi Yu Jin Zhi zhenjuan zhengxin lu.
230. Snyder-Reinke, Jeffrey. “Dry Spells: Rainmaking, Power, and the State in Late Imperial China.” PhD Diss., University of Michigan, 2006.
231. Sommer, Matthew. Sex, Law, and Society in Late Imperial China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000.
232. Spence, Jonathan D. The Chan’s Great Continent: China inWestern Minds. New York: W. W. Norton, 1998.
233. Spence, Jonathan D. The Death of Woman Wang. New York: Viking Press, 1978.
234. Spence, Jonathan D. The Search for Modern China. New York: W. W. Norton, 1990.
235. Stanley, John. Late Ch’ing Finance: Hu Kuang-Yung as an Innovator. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961.
236. Struve, Lynn. “Confucian PTSD: Reading Trauma in a ChineseYoungster’s Memoir of 1653.” History & Memory 16.2 (Fall–Winter 2004): 14–31.
237. Struve, Lynn, editor. The Qing Formation in World-Historical Time. Harvard East Asian Monographs 234. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2004.
238. Struve, Lynn, editor and translator. Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm: China in Tigers’ Jaws. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993.
239. Sun Anbang, compiler. Qing shilu: Shanxi ziliao huibian (Veritable records of the Qing dynasty: A compilation of materials regarding Shanxi). 3 vols. Taiyuan: Shanxi guji chubanshe, 1996.
240. Sung, Marina H. “The Chinese Lieh-nü Tradition.” In Women in China: Current Directions in Historical Scholarship. Edited by Richard W. Guisso and Stanley Johannesen, 63–74. Youngstown, NY: Philo Press, 1981.
241. Tan, Qixiang, editor. The Historical Atlas of China. Vol. 8, Qing Dynasty Period. Beijing: Cartographic Publishing House, 1982.
242. Tao Fuhai. “Qing Guangxu Dingchou Jin, Shaan, Yu da han kuixi” (Analyzing the great drought in Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan in the third year of the Guangxu reign). In Pingyang minsu congtan (A collection of Pingyang folk customs). Taiyuan: Shanxi guji chubanshe, 1995.
243. TheThreatened Famine inWestern and Southern India. Cmnd. 1707; 1754. 1877.
244. Tóibín, Colm, and Diarmaid Ferriter. The Irish Famine: A Documentary. London: Profile Books, 2001.
245. Tsu Yu-yue. The Spirit of Chinese Philanthropy: A Study on Mutual Aid. 1912. Reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1968.
246. Tu Wei-ming, editor. The Living Tree: The Changing Meaning of Being Chinese Today. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994.
247. Turner, Victor. The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967.
248. Twitchett, Denis, and John K. Fairbank, general editors. The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 10, Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, Part 1. Edited by John K. Fairbank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
249. Twitchett, Denis, and John K. Fairbank, general editors. The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 11, Late Ch’ing, 1800–1911, Part 2. Edited by John K. Fairbank and Kwang-Ching Liu. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
250. Vittinghoff, Natascha. “Readers, Publishers and Officials in the Contest for a Public Voice and the Rise of a Modern Press in Late Qing China (1860– 1880).” T’oung Pao 87. 4/5 (2001): 393–455.
251. Wagner, Rudolf. “The Early Chinese Newspapers and the Chinese Public Sphere.” European Journal of East Asian Studies 1.1 (March 2001): 1–33.
252. Wagner, Rudolf. “Ernest Major’s Shenbaoguan and the Formation of Late Qing Print Culture.” Unpublished manuscript.
253. Wagner, Rudolf. “The Role of the Foreign Community in the Chinese Public Sphere.” China Quarterly 142 (June 1995): 421–43.
254. Wagner, Rudolf. “The Shenbao in Crisis: The International Environment and the Conflict between Guo Songtao and the Shenbao.” Late Imperial China 20.1 (June 1999): 107–38.
255. Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. “Civil Society and the Public Sphere Debate.” Modern China 19.2 (1993): 121–31.
256. Wakeman, Frederic, Jr, and Wen-hsin Yeh, editors. Shanghai Sojourners. China Research Monograph 40. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Center for Chinese Studies, 1992.
257. Wang, Jianyin, editor. Zhongguo chengyu da cidian (Large dictionary of Chinese proverbs). Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 1987.
258. Wang Jingxiang. “Shanxi ‘Dingwu qihuang’ luetan” (A brief exploration of the “Incredible Famine of 1877–78” in Shanxi). Zhongguo nongye shi 3 (1983): 21–29.
259. Wang Xilun, Yiqingtang wenji (1912).
260. Wang Yongnian and Jie Fuping. “Dingchou zhenhuang ji” (Record of famine relief in 1877). Yuncheng wenshi ziliao (Yuncheng literary and historical materials) 2 (1988): 97–125.
261. Wanrong xianzhi (Gazetteer of Wanrong County). Beijing: Haichao chubanshe, 1995.
262. Warner, Marina. Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and Cult of the Virgin Mary. New York: Vintage Books, 1983.
263. Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N., and Elizabeth J. Perry, editors. Popular Protest and Political Culture in Modern China, 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994.
264. Watkins, Susan Cotts, and Jane Menken. “Famines in Historical Perspective.” Population and Development Review 11.4 (1985): 647–75.
265. Weigelin-Schwiedrzik, Susanne. “Trauma and Memory: The Case of the Great Famine in the People’s Republic of China.” Historiography East & West 1.1 (2003): 38–67.
266. Will, Pierre-Étienne. Bureaucracy and Famine in Eighteenth-Century China. Translated by Elborg Forster. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990.
267. Will, Pierre-Étienne, and R. Bin Wong, with James Lee, Jean Oi, and Peter Perdue. Nourish the People:The State Civilian Granary System in China,1650–1850.AnnArbor: Center for Chinese Studies, 1991.
268. Williamson, Alexander. Journeys in North China, Manchuria, and Eastern Mongolia; with some Account of Corea. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1870.
269. Wolf, Arthur P. “Is There Evidence of Birth Control in Late Imperial China?” Population and Development Review 27.1 (March 2001), 133–54.
270. Wolf, Margery. Women and the Family in Rural Taiwan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1972.
271. Wolf, Margery, and Roxane Witke, editors. Women in Chinese Society. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1975.
272. Wong, R. Bin. China Transformed: Historical Change and the Limits of European Experience. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.
273. Wong, R. Bin. “Food Riots in the Qing Dynasty.” Journal of Asian Studies 41.4 (1982): 767–88.
274. Wong, R. Bin, and Peter C. Perdue. “Famine’s Foes in Ch’ing China.” Review of Pierre-Étienne Will’s Bureaucratie et famine en Chine au 18 siecle. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 43.1 (1983): 291–332.
275. Wu Jun. Collection of rubbings of stele inscriptions from theYuncheng area, held in the Yuncheng shi Hedong bowuguan (Yuncheng City Hedong Museum). Yuncheng, Shanxi.
276. Wu Jun. “Shanxi shike yanjiuhui Yuncheng diqu fenhui choubei gongzuo qingkuang huibao” (Report on the preparatory work situation of the Yuncheng area branch society of the Shanxi Stone Inscription Research Association).
277. Hedong shike yanjiu (Hedong stone inscription research), no. 1 (1994): 5–7, 28–32.
278. Wue, Roberta. “The Profits of Philanthropy: Relief Aid, Shenbao, and the Art World in Later Nineteenth-Century Shanghai.” Late Imperial China 25.1 (June 2004): 187–211.
279. Xia Dongyuan. Zheng Guanying zhuan (Biography of Zheng Guanying). Shanghai: Huadong shifan daxue chubanshe, 1985.
280. Xia Mingfang. “Cong Qingmo zaihai qun faqi kan Zhongguo zaoqi xiandaihua de lishi tiaojian: Zaihuang yu Yangwu Yundong yanjiu zhiyi” (The historical conditions of early Chinese modernization as seen from a cluster of natural disasters in the late Qing: Part I of research on disasters and the Westernization Movement). Qingshi yanjiu 1 (1998): 70–82.
281. Xia Mingfang. “Qingji ‘Dingwu qihuang’ de zhenji ji shanhou wenti chutan” (An initial exploration of the relief and reconstruction problems during the Qingera “Incredible Famine of 1877–78”). Jindaishi yanjiu 2 (1993): 1–36.
282. Xia Mingfang. “Zhongguo zaoqi gongyehua jieduan yuanshi jilei guocheng de zaihai shi fenxi” (An analysis of the impact of natural disasters on primitive accumulation during the early stages of industrialization in China). Qingshi yanjiu 1 (1999): 62–81.
283. “Xian taiye bai chenghuang: xiju xiaopin” (The county magistrate pays respects to the city god: A short drama). Compiled by the Pingyao County Historical Relics Bureau. Unpublished manuscript, 2001.
284. Xia xianzhi (Gazetteer of Xia County). 1880.
285. Xie xianzhi (Gazetteer of Xie County). 1920. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 84. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1968.
286. Xiezhou Ruicheng xianzhi (Gazetteer of Xie Department and Ruicheng County). 1880.
287. Xuxiu Jiangzhou zhi (A continued and revised gazetteer of Jiang Department). 1879.
288. Xuxiu Jishan xianzhi (A continued and revised gazetteer of Jishan County). 1885.
289. Xuxiu Linjin xianzhi (A continued and revised gazetteer of Linjin County). 1880.
290. Xuxiu Quwo xianzhi (A continued and revised gazetteer of Quwo County). 1880.
291. Xuxiu Xizhou zhi (A continued and revised gazetteer of Xi Department). 1898.
292. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 428. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1976.
293. Xu Yishi xianzhi (A continuation of the gazetteer of Yishi County). 1880.
294. Xu Zaiping and Xu Ruifang. Qingmo sishinian Shenbao shiliao (Materials on the Shenbao in the last forty years of the Qing). Beijing: Xinhua chubanshe, 1988.
295. Yang, Dali L. Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society, and Institutional Change since the Great Leap Famine. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
296. Yang Jianli. “Wan Qing shehui zaihuang jiuzhi gongneng de yanbian:Yi ‘Dingwu qihuang’ de liang zhong zhenji fangshi wei li” (Changes in social disaster relief in the Late Qing: Taking two kinds of relief methods during the “Incredible Famine of 1877–78” as examples). Qingshi yanjiu 4 (2000): 59–76.
297. Ye, Xiaoqing. “Shanghai before Nationalism.” East Asian History 3 (June 1992): 33–52.
298. Yicheng xianzhi (Gazetteer of Yicheng County). 1929. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 417. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1968.
299. Yonghe xianzhi (Gazetteer ofYonghe County). 1931. Reprint, Zhongguo fangzhi congshu 88. Taipei: Chengwen chubanshe, 1968.
300. Yongji xianzhi (Gazetteer of Yongji County). 1886.
301. Yuanqu wenshi ziliao (Yuanqu literary and historical materials) 4 (1988). Compiled by Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi Yuanqu xian weiyuanhui (Yuanqu County committee of the Chinese people’s political consultative conference).
302. Yuncheng zaiyulu (Record of disasters in Yuncheng). Compiled and edited by Zhang Bowen and Wang Mancang. Yuncheng: Yuncheng shizi ban, 1986.
303. Yuncheng shi bowuguan bian (Yuncheng City Museum publication). Compiled by Wang Zhangbao. Yuncheng, 1989.
304. Zarrow, Peter. “Historical Trauma: Anti-Manchuism and Memories of Atrocity in Late Qing China.” History & Memory 16.2 (Fall–Winter 2004): 67–107.
305. Zeng Guoquan. Zeng Zhongxiang gong (Guoquan) shuzha (Zeng Guoquan’s correspondence). Compiled by Xiao Rongjue, 1903.
306. Zeng Guoquan. Zeng Zhongxiang gong (Guoquan) zouyi (Zeng Guoquan’s memorials). Compiled by Xiao Rongjue, 1903. Reprinted in Jindai Zhongguo shiliao congkan (Modern Chinese historical materials) 44. Edited by ShenYunlong. Taipei: Wenhai chubanshe, 1969.
307. Zhang Jie. Shanxi ziran zaihaishi nianbiao (A yearly record of Shanxi’s natural disasters), 730 b.c.–1985 a.d. Taiyuan: Shanxi sheng chubanshe, 1988.
308. Zhang Kemin, editor. “Zhongguo jindai zaihuang yu shehui wending” (Disasters in modern China and social stability). In Zhongwai lishi wenti ba ren tan (An eight-person discussion of questions in Chinese and foreign history), 158–206. Beijing: Guojia jiaowei gaojiao shehui kexue fazhan yanjiu zhongxin, 1998.
309. Zhang Zhengming. Jinshang xingshuai shi (A history of the rise and fall of the Shanxi merchants). Taiyuan: Shanxi guji chubanshe, 1995.
310. Zhao Lianyue. “Renhuo jiazhong le tianzai: 1876–1879 nian ‘Dingwu qihuang’ bianxi” (Man-made disaster adds to natural disaster: Critical analysis of the 1876–1879 “Incredible Famine”). Guangxi Youjiang minzu shifan gaodeng zhuanke xuexiao xuebao 12.1 (1999): 41–43.
311. Zhao Shiyuan. “‘Dingwu qihuang’ shulue” (An account of the “Incredible Famine of 1877–78”). Xueshu yuekan 141.2 (1981): 65–68.
312. Zheng Guanying. Jiuhuang fubao (Good fortune received as recompense for famine relief). 1878. Reprint, 1935.
313. Zheng Guanying. Zheng Guanying ji (Collected works of Zheng Guanying), 2 vols. Edited by Xia Dongyuan. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1982.
314. Zheng Guosheng. “Yipian beiwen” (One stele inscription). Zhongguo qingnian (China’s youth) 5 (1961): 33–34.
315. Zheng Hesheng, editor. Jinshi Zhong Xi shi ri duizhao biao (A comparison chart for the Chinese and Western calendars in the modern world). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1985.
316. Zheng Yi. Scarlet Memorial: Tales of Cannibalism in Modern China. Translated and edited by T. P. Sym. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.
317. Zhu, Guangqian. Psychology of Tragedy (Beiju xinli xue). Hefei: Anhui jiaoyu chubanshe, 1989.
318. Zhu Hu. Difangxing liudong ji qi chaoyue: Wan Qing yizhen yu jindai Zhongguo de xinchen daixie (The fluidity and transcendence of localism: Late-Qing charitable relief and the supersession of the old by the new in modern China). Beijing: Zhongguo renmin daxue chubanshe, 2006.
319. Zito, Angela. “City Gods and Their Magistrates.” In Religions of China in Practice. Edited by Donald S. Lopez, Jr. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.