Family and gender in famine: Cultural responses to disaster in North China, 1876-1879

Journal of Women's History

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2004, Pages

  Edgerton Tarpley, Kathryn ^a  

^a SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 29244469753     PISSN: 10427961     EISSN: 15272036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2004.0079     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Liang Peicai, Miliang wen, in Guangxu sannian nian jinglu [Annual Record of the Third Year of the Guangxu Reign] (Taiyuan: Shanxi sheng renmin weiyuanhui bangong ting, 1962), 86-87.
2. Susan Cotts Watkins and Jane Menken, "Famines in Historical Perspective," Population and Development Review 11, no. 4 (1985): 650.
3. Paul R. Greenough, "Comments from a South Asian Perspective: Food, Famine, and the Chinese State," Journal of Asian Studies XLI, no. 4 (1982): 792.
4. For examples of recent scholarship on famines in Qing China, see Pierre-Etienne Will and R. Bin Wong, Nourish the People: The State Civilian Granary System in China, 1650-1850 (Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Chinese Studies, 1991);
5. Pierre-Etienne Will, Bureaucracy and Famine in Eighteenth-Century China (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990);
6. and R. Bin Wong and Peter Perdue, "Famine's Foes in Ch'ing China," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 43, no. 1 (1983): 291-332.
7. Margaret Kelleher, The Feminization of Famine: Expressions of the Inexpressible? (Cork, Ireland: Cork University Press, 1997), 7, 23-29.
8. See also Chris Morash, "Literature, Memory, Atrocity," in 'Fearful Realities': New Perspectives on the Famine, ed. Chris Morash and Richard Hayes (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1996).
9. Tani Barlow, "Theorizing Women: Funu, Guojia, Jiating [Chinese Women, Chinese State, Chinese Family]," Genders 10 (spring 1991): 132-34.
10. Susan Brownell and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, eds., Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002), 26.
11. Amartya Sen, Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlements and Deprivation (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), 1-5.
12. David Fitzpatrick, "Women and the Great Famine," in Gender Perspectives in Nineteenth-Century Ireland: Public and Private Spheres, ed. Margaret Kelleher and James H. Murphy (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1997);
13. and Cormac Ó Gráda, Black '47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999).
14. Susan Mann, Precious Records: Women in China's Long Eighteenth Century (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997), 10-12.
15. Margery Wolf, Women and the Family in Rural Taiwan (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1972), 32-41.
16. Xu Yishi xianzhi (1880), 1:85a.
17. Xuxiu Quwo xianzhi (1880), 27:8a.
18. "Guoju mai er tian cijin" [Guoju buries his son and heaven blesses him with gold], Baixiao tushuo, ed. Kuo Lien-ch'ing (Beijing: Zhongguo shudian, 1996), 13-14.
19. Kelleher, The Feminization of Famine, 135.
20. Liam O'Flaherty, Famine (Dublin: 1937).
21. Jin Jincheng, "Qing Guangxu san nian bei zai shen da lue qingji" (Outline of the circumstances of the big disaster of Guangxu 3), Yonghe xianzhi (1931), 15:592.
22. Xu Yishi xianzhi, 1880;
23. Jiezhou Ruicheng xianzhi, 1880;
24. Barbara Mittler, A Newspaper for China? Power, Identity, and Change in Shanghai's News Media (1872-1912) (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 293.
25. Lin Yutang, "Feminist Thought in Ancient China," T'ien Hsia Monthly 1, no. 2 (1935): 127-28.
26. Emily M. Ahern, "The Power and Pollution of Chinese Women," Women in Chinese Society, ed. Margery Wolf and Roxane Witke (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1975), 194-214.
27. Liu, "Huangnian ge," 16.
28. Yuncheng zaiyilu, 110.
29. See also Marina H. Sung, "The Chinese Lieh-nu Tradition," in Women in China: Current Directions in Historical Scholarship, ed. Richard W. Guisso and Stanley Johannesen (Youngstown, OH: Philo Press, 1981), 63, 71-73.
30. Susan Mann, "Widows in the Kinship, Class, and Community Structures of Qing Dynasty China," Journal of Asian Studies 46, no. 1 (1987): 37-56.
31. Janet M. Theiss, "Femininity in Flux: Gendered Virtue and Social Conflict in the mid-Qing Courtroom,"
32. and Susan Mann, "Grooming a Daughter for Marriage: Brides and Wives in the mid-Qing Period," in Chinese Femininities/Chinese Masculinities, 48, 64, 89-95.
33. David Arnold, Famine: Social Crisis and Historical Change (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Inc., 1988), 8.
34. Gail Hershatter, "Modernizing Sex, Sexing Modernity," in Chinese Femininities/Chinese Masculinities, 219-220.
35. James Z. Lee and Cameron D. Campbell, Fate and Fortune in Rural China: Social Organization and Population Behavior in Liaoning, 1774-1873 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 64.
36. See also Lillian Li, "Life and Death in a Chinese Famine: Infanticide as a Demographic Consequence of the 1935 Yellow River Flood," Comparative Studies in Society and History 33, no. 3 (1991).
37. George Alter et al., "Gender and Mortality: A EurAsian Comparison" (paper presented at the XXIV General Population Conference, Salvador, Brazil, August 2001), 7.
38. Cameron D. Campbell and James Z. Lee, "Price Fluctuations, Family Structure, and Mortality in Two Rural Chinese Populations: Household Responses to Economic Stress in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Liaoning," Population and Economy: From Hunger to Modern Economic Growth, ed. T. Bengtsson and O. Saito (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000): 391, 412-13.
39. Ó Gráda, Black '47 and Beyond, 101-103.
40. and Alter, "Gender and Morality," 12-15.
41. Liu Rentuan, "'Dingwu qihuang' dui Shanxi renkou de yingxiang," in Ziran zaihai yu Zongguo shehui lishi jiegou (Shanghai: Fudan daxue chuban she, 2001), 91-132.
42. North China Herald, 15 April 1879, 362.
43. C. A. Gordon, An Epitome of the Reports of the Medical Officers to the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Service from 1871 to 1882 (London: Bailliere, Tindall, and Cox, 1884), 386.
44. G. W. Clarke, "The Famine in Henan," China's Millions (London: Morgan and Scott, 1878): 118-19.
45. Sue Gronewold, Beautiful Merchandise: Prostitution in China, 1860-1936 (New York: Haworth Press, 1985), 3, 45.
46. Mann, Precious Records, 42-43.
47. China's Millions, 118-19.
48. C. A. Gordon, An Epitome of the Reports, 10.
49. Timothy Richard, "Famine in the North," The Celestial Empire, 28 December 1877.
50. "Translation of a Western Missionary's Letter about the Famine Relief in Shandong," Shenbao, 4 May 1877, 2.
51. My discussion of "moral" choices versus "rational economic" choices is informed by James Scott's and Samuel Popkin's "moral economy debate" over the basis of peasant behavior. For a concise summary of this debate, see Daniel Little, Understanding Peasant China: Case Studies in the Philosophy of Social Science (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989), 29-67.