Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945-1961

Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945-1961

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-317

  Klein, Christina ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

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EID: 85205607673     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

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144. Chilsen and Rampton, Friends in Deed, 1-36.
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159. Macdonald, “Masscult & Midcult,” 39, 46.
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168. Patricia Neils, China Images in the Life and Times of Henry Luce (Savage, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1990).
169. John Heidenry, Theirs Was the Kingdom: Lila and DeWitt Wallace and the Story of the Reader’s Digest (New York: W.W. Norton, 1993), 22-40, 241.
170. James Playsted Wood, Of Lasting Interest: The Story of the Reader’s Digest (1958; reprint, New York: Doubleday, 1967), 40, 266.
171. Wood, Of Lasting Interest 40.
172. Samuel Schreiner Jr., The Condensed World of the Reader’s Digest (New York: Stein and Day, 1977), 16.
173. Wood, Of Lasting Interest 29.
174. Heidenry, Theirs Was the Kingdom, 170-71.
175. John Bainbridge, Little Wonder, or, The Reader’s Digest and How It Grew (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1946), 134, 113.
176. Wood, Of Lasting Interest, 155-57.
177. Heidenry, Theirs Was the Kingdom, 164, 262, 299.
178. Schreiner, Condensed World, 11.
179. Bainbridge, Little Wonder, 89.
180. Wood, Of Lasting Interest, 17-21.
181. Heidenry, Theirs Was the Kingdom, 44-45, 48.
182. David Halberstam, The Fifties (New York: Villard Books, 1993), 229.
183. Heidenry, Theirs Was the Kingdom, 257, passim.
184. Schreiner, Condensed World, 65.
185. Heidenry, Theirs Was the Kingdom, 474.
186. Schreiner, Condensed World, 143.
187. Frances Stonor Saunders, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters (New York: New Press, 1999), 88.
188. Norman Cousins, “Life Begins at Twenty-Five,” SR, 24 April 1965, 26-28.
189. Edward E. Chielens, ed., American Literary Magazines: The Twentieth Century (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1992), 303.
190. Sherilynn Cox Bennion, “The Saturday Review: From Literature to Life,” Ph.D. diss., Syracuse University, 1968, 2.
191. Norman Cousins, “A Postmortem of the Saturday Review,” Center 1983, 33.
192. Bennion, “The Saturday Review,” 312.
193. W. R. Simmons, Selective Markets and the Media Reaching Them (New York: Simmons Media Studies, 1966).
194. Henry Seidel Canby, “Timely and Timeless,” SR, 2 August 1924, 2.
195. Joseph Wood Krutch, “Introduction,” in The Saturday Review Treasury, ed. John Haverstick and the editors of the Saturday Review (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1957), xx.
196. Bennion, “The Saturday Review,” 49.
197. Norman Cousins, “Confessions of a Universalist: One Man’s Re-Education,” SR, 6 August 1949, 74.
198. Norman Cousins, “Notes on SRL,” SR, 5 August 1944, 44-45.
199. Krutch, “Introduction,” xxii-xxiii.
200. Bennion, “The Saturday Review,” 72, 141, 134.
201. Norman Cousins, “The Paralysis of Conscience,” SR, 6 October 1945, 14.
202. Harry J. Carman, “Setting Our Sights for Tomorrow,” SR, 15 September 1945, 16.
203. Norman Cousins, “Modern Man Is Obsolete,” SR, 15 August 1945, 8.
204. Robert Okin, “Asia, One or Divisible,” review of The Revolt of Asia, by Robert Payne, SR, 11 October 1947, 40.
205. Gary Wills, “Introduction,” in Scoundrel Time, by Lillian Hellman (New York: Bantam, 1976), 24-25.
206. Paul S. Boyer, By the Bomb’s Early Light: American Thought and Culture at the Dawn of the Atomic Age (1985; reprint, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), 27-45.
207. Heidenry, Theirs Was the Kingdom, 208.
208. Boyer, Bomb’s Early Light, 43.
209. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., The Vital Center: The Politics of Freedom (1949; reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1988), 240.
210. Bradford Smith, “Directing and Evolution,” review of MacArthur’s Japan, by Russell Brines, SR, 15 October 1948, 15.
211. W. D. Patterson, “America and the Challenge of Asia,” SR, 14 August 1951, 4.
212. Harrison Smith, “The World Knocks at Our Door,” SR, 10 November 1945, 24.
213. Max Eastman and J. B. Powell, “The Fate of World Is at Stake in China,” RD, June 1945, 13-20.
214. Bishop J. Sheil, “Message to America,” RD, May 1946, back cover.
215. Hanson W. Baldwin, “The United States at the Crossroads of History,” RD, May 1947, 24-26.
216. Harrison Smith, “Our Conscience and the War,” SR, 12 August 1950, 22.
217. Norman Cousins, “The Grand Commitment,” SR, 26 May 1956, 22.
218. John T. Flynn, “Uncle Sam’s Imperialistic Jag,” RD, June 1949, 102.
219. Christopher Shannon, “A World Made Safe for Differences: Ruth Benedict’s The Chrysanthemum and the Sword,” American Quarterly 47 (1995): 659-80.
220. Norman Cousins, “Confessions of a Miseducated Man,” SR, 10 May 1952, 22.
221. Norman Cousins, “Science Will Not Save Us,” SR, 14 December 1957, 20.
222. Wood, Of Lasting Interest, 165.
223. Norman Cousins, Human Options: An American Editor’s Odyssey (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 34.
224. Charles Malik, “Is It Too Late to Win against Communism?" RD, September 1960, 37-43.
225. Wood, Of Lasting Interest, 142-46.
226. Norman Cousins, “Disconnected Man,” in Present Tense, 272.
227. Cousins, “Life Begins at Twenty-Five,” SR, 24 April 1965, 28.
228. Wood, Of Lasting Interest, 250.
229. Norman Cousins, “Bankrupt Realism,” SR, 8 March 1947, 22.
230. Harrison Smith, “Themes for a New Day,” SR, 26 April 1947, 18.
231. George Herring, America’s Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975, 2nd ed. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986), 43-72.
232. Herring, America’s Longest War, 71.
233. Norman Cousins, “What We Don’t Know Can Kill Us,” SR, 14 January 1961, 24.
234. Fisher, Dr. America, 69-75.
235. John Hellman, American Myth and the Legacy of Vietnam (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), 15-18.
236. William J. Fulbright, "‘The Ugly American’ and State Department Policies,” Congressional Record [hereafter cited as CR], 19 May 1959, 8445-48.
237. Russell B. Long, “Nomination of C. Douglas Dillon to be Under Secretary of State,” CR, 15 May 1959, 8238-40.
238. William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, “Salute to Deeds of Non-Ugly Americans,” Life, 7 December 1959, 148-63.
239. Fisher, Dr. America, 1.
240. Thomas A. Dooley, The Night They Burned the Mountain (1960; reprint, New York: Signet, 1961), 23.
241. Thomas A. Dooley, The Edge of Tomorrow (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1958), 193.
242. Fisher, Dr. America, 149-50, 224.
243. James T. Fisher, “A World Made Safe for Diversity: The Vietnam Lobby and the Politics of Pluralism, 1945-1963,” in Cold War Constructions: The Political Culture of United States Imperialism, 1945-1966, ed. Christian G. Appy (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2000); Fisher, Dr. America, passim.
244. Dooley, Edge of Tomorrow, v, 98.
245. Dooley, Edge of Tomorrow, v, 136, 199, 203, 198.
246. Dooley, Night They Burned the Mountain, 46-47.
247. Dooley, Edge of Tomorrow, caption of photograph following p. 80, 68, 40.
248. Dooley, Edge of Tomorrow, caption of photograph following p. 2.
249. Barbara Ehrenreich, The Hearts of Men: American Dreams and the Flight from Commitment (New York: Anchor Doubleday, 1983).
250. Fisher, Dr. America, 69-78.
251. Heidenry, Theirs Was the Kingdom, 323.
252. James Sloan Allen, The Romance of Commerce and Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), 164-67.
253. Norman Cousins, Dr. Schweitzer of Lambaréné (New York: Harper, 1960).
254. George Kennan, “The Long Telegram,” in Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945-1950, ed. Thomas H. Etzold and John Lewis Gaddis (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978), 63, 62.
255. Hanson W. Baldwin, “The United States at the Crossroads of History,” RD, May 1947, 24.
256. Max Eastman and J. B. Powell, “The Fate of the World Is at Stake in China,” RD, June 1945, 13.
257. Harrison Smith, “The Die Is Cast,” SR, 5 April 1947, 22.
258. Kate Holliday, “Japan Discovers Modern Medicine,” RD, April 1951, 110-12.
259. Geoffrey S. Smith, “National Security and Personal Isolation: Sex, Gender, and Disease in the Cold War United States,” International History Review, May 1992, 307-37.
260. Dooley, Edge of Tomorrow, 200-201.
261. June Howard, “What Is Sentimentality?" American Literary History 11 (1999): 74.
262. William Harlan Hale, “Millions of Ambassadors,” Saturday Review [hereafter cited as SR], 10 January 1959, 10.
263. John P. Hayes, James A. Michener: A Biography (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1984), 111-12.
264. A. Grove Day, James A. Michener (New York: Twayne, 1964), 32.
265. Hale, “Millions of Ambassadors,” 10.
266. Mary Louise Pratt, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation in the Contact Zone (New York: Routledge, 1992), 81, 84.
267. Foster Rhea Dulles, Americans Abroad:TwoCenturies of EuropeanTravel (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1964), 169.
268. Eric Leed, The Mind of the Traveler: From Gilgamesh to Global Tourism (New York: Basic Books, 1991), 2.
269. Louis Turner and John Ash, The Golden Hordes: International Tourism and the Pleasure Periphery (London: Constable, 1975).
270. Norman Cousins, Present Tense: An American Editor’s Odyssey (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967), 38.
271. William D. Patterson, “E Pluribus Unum,” SR, 2 January 1954, 16.
272. Dulles, Americans Abroad, 170.
273. Horace Sutton, Travelers: The American Tourist from Stagecoach to Space Shuttle (New York: William Morrow, 1980), 258.
274. Preston Hotchkiss, “Increasing International Travel,” Department of State Bulletin [hereafter cited as DSB], 2 May 1955, 743.
275. Dulles, Americans Abroad, 169.
276. Stanley High, “They Bring the Bread of Life,” Reader’s Digest [hereafter cited as RD], June 1959, 218.
277. Hale, “Millions of Ambassadors,” 9.
278. Emily S. Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890-1945 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), 105-7, 198-99.
279. Melvyn P. Leffler, A Preponderance of Power (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1992), 56-58.
280. Horace Sutton, “Larkism or Overseasmanship?" SR, 9 January 1960, 25.
281. Hale, “Millions of Ambassadors,” 9.
282. Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years: Mandate for Change, 1953-1956 (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1963), 141.
283. Robert L. Branyan and Lawrence H. Larsen, The Eisenhower Administration, 1953-1961: A Documentary History (New York: Random House, 1971), 1198-99.
284. Patterson, “E Pluribus Unum,” 16.
285. Dulles, Americans Abroad, 173.
286. Juan Trippe, “Now You Can Take That Trip Abroad,” RD, January 1949, 70.
287. Somerset R. Waters, “Importance of International Travel to the Foreign Trade of the United States,” DSB, 17 October 1955, 621.
288. Sutton, Travelers, 262.
289. Dwight D. Eisenhower, “U.S. Dependence on Foreign Trade,” DSB, 26 October 1953, 540-41.
290. Clarence B. Randall, Chair, “Report of the Commission on Foreign Economic Policy to the President and Congress,” DSB, 8 February 1954, 194.
291. Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Special Message to Congress on Foreign Economic Policy,” Public Papers of the President: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1954 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1955), 360-61.
292. Preston Hotchkiss, “Increasing International Travel,” DSB, 2May 1955, 741-45.
293. Waters, “Importance of International Travel,” 621.
294. SinclairWeeks, “Importance of International Travel in AdvancingWorld Peace,” DSB, 18 July 1955, 106.
295. Hale, “Millions of Ambassadors,” 11.
296. Francis J. Colligan, “Americans Abroad,” DSB, 3 May 1954, 664.
297. Colligan, “Americans Abroad,” 663-68.
298. George Kent, “How to Be an American Abroad,” RD, June 1949, 118.
299. Leland Stowe, “The Knack of Intelligent Travel,” RD, September 1952, 103-6.
300. Harrison Smith, “A New World for Writers,” SR, 2 June 1945, 16.
301. Brenda Gayle Plummer, Rising Wind: Black Americans and Foreign Policy, 1935-1960 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 222.
302. Richard M. Nixon, “Meeting the People of Asia,” DSB, 4 January 1954, 14.
303. Stowe, “Knack of Intelligent Travel,” 105.
304. Norman Cousins, “Twenty Questions,” SR, 15 December 1951, 22.
305. Lyndon B. Johnson, “What Foreigners Want to Know about the United States,” RD, December 1961, 47.
306. Norman Cousins, “Everyman as Reporter,” SR, 20 October 1956, 28.
307. Gene Wise, "‘Paradigm Dramas’ in American Studies: A Cultural and Institutional History of the Movement,” American Quarterly 31, no. 3 (1979): 293-337.
308. Day, James A. Michener, 18-22.
309. Hayes, James A. Michener, 11-58.
310. James A.Michener, “When Does Education Stop?" RD, December 1963, 153-56.
311. Hayes, James A. Michener, 61.
312. Hayes, James A. Michener, 100, 107.
313. David A. Groseclose, James A. Michener: A Bibliography (Austin: State House Press, 1996), xvi.
314. George Becker, James A. Michener (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1983), 44-47.
315. Hayes, James A. Michener, 89.
316. James A. Michener, The World Is My Home: A Memoir (1992; reprint, New York: Ballantine, 1998), 464.
317. Lewis Nichol, “Talk with Mr. Michener,” New York Times Book Review, 12 July 1953, 16.
318. Harvey Breit, “Talk with Mr. Michener,” New York Times Book Review, 22 May 1949, 26.
319. James A. Michener, “The Conscience of the Novel,” in The Arts in Renewal, ed. Sculley Bradley (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1951), 118, 116-17, 123, 125, 140.
320. Phyllis Meras, “A Desire to Inform,” SR, 4 May 1968, 29.
321. Meras, “A Desire to Inform,” 29.
322. Janice R. MacKinnon and Stephen R. MacKinnon, Agnes Smedley: The Life and Times of an American Radical (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
323. John Maxwell Hamilton, Edgar Snow: A Biography (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988).
324. Peter Conn, Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
325. Michener, World Is My Home, 243-47.
326. David Caute, The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge under Truman and Eisenhower (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978), 284.
327. Michener, World Is My Home, 180-83, 198-201, 210-11.
328. Hayes, James A. Michener, 110-11, 171.
329. Daniel K. Inouye, “James A. Michener,” Congressional Record-House, 17 September 1962, 19683.
330. Stanley Ellin and John Baker, eds., Conversations with Writers II (Detroit, Mich.: Gale Research, 1978), 150-51.
331. Michener, World Is My Home, 129.
332. Inouye, “James A. Michener,” 19683.
333. Michael Schaller, The American Occupation of Japan: The Origins of the Cold War in Asia (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 195-211.
334. United States Department of Defense, United States-Vietnam Relations, 1945-1967, Book 8 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1971), 244, 252.
335. James A. Michener, The Voice of Asia (New York: Random House, 1951), 8, 9, 64.
336. James A. Michener, The Voice of Asia (New York: Random House, 1951), 173, 11, 28, 334, 29, 118, 55.
337. James A. Michener, The Voice of Asia (New York: Random House, 1951), 230.
338. James A. Michener, The Voice of Asia (New York: Random House, 1951), 131-32, 11.
339. James A. Michener, “Blunt Truths about Asia,” Life, 4 June 1951, 96.
340. Michener, Voice of Asia, 9, 135, 196.
341. Michener, Voice of Asia, 290-92.
342. Michener, Voice of Asia, 292.
343. Caute, Great Fear, 251-63.
344. Martin Bauml Duberman, Paul Robeson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 433.
345. J. Saunders Redding, An American in India (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1954), 42, 11, 27.
346. J. Saunders Redding, An American in India (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1954), 172, 37, 40, 60, 148, 146.
347. J. Saunders Redding, An American in India (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1954), 10, 18-19, 114.
348. Carey McWilliams, “Anti-Americanism Updated,” Nation, 31 May 1958, 489.
349. Philip J. Philbin, “Oscar Hammerstein II,” Congressional Record, 2 September 1960, A6650.
350. Hugh Fordin, Getting to Know Him: A Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II (New York: Random House, 1977), 284-85.
351. Peter Conn, Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 312-14.
352. Loy Henderson, “The United States and Asia,” Vital Speeches, March 1950, 460.
353. James A. Michener, “Foreword,” Selected Writings (New York: Random House, 1957), ix-x.
354. Harold Isaacs, Images of Asia: American Views of China and India (1958; reprint, New York: Capricorn, 1962), 37.
355. Gina Marchetti, Romance and the “Yellow Peril”: Race, Sex, and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
356. Robert Lee, Orientals: Asian Americans in Popular Culture (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999), 161-79.
357. Caroline Chung Simpson, "‘Out of an Obscure Place’: Japanese War Brides and Cultural Pluralism in the 1950s,” Differences 10 (1998): 47-81.
358. Stephanie Coontz, The Way We Never Were: American Families and the Nostalgia Trap (New York: Basic Books, 1992).
359. Norman Cousins, Present Tense: An American Editor’s Odyssey (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967), 324-52.
360. Rodney Barker, The Hiroshima Maidens: A Story of Courage, Compassion, and Survival (New York: Viking, 1985).
361. Caroline Chung Simpson, An Absent Presence: Japanese Americans in Postwar American Culture, 1945-1960 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2001), 113-48.
362. John W. Dower, War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War (New York: Pantheon Books, 1986).
363. Andrew J. Rotter, The Path to Vietnam: Origins of American Commitment to Southeast Asia (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987).
364. Norman Cousins, “Tomoko Nakabayashi of the Maidens,” Saturday Review, 9 June 1956.
365. John W. Dower, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 552-53.
366. Philip Fisher, Hard Facts: Setting and Form in the American Novel (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 101-3.
367. Bradford Smith, “We’re Selling America Short,” RD, December 1952, 6.
368. Barker, Hiroshima Maidens, 95-98.
369. Norman Cousins, “Hiroshima-Four Years Later,” SR, 17 September 1949, 8-10, 30-31
370. Larry E. Tise, A Book about Children: The World of Christian Children’s Fund, 1938-1991 (Falls Church, Va.: Hartland, 1993), 64.
371. Tise, Book about Children, 50.
372. Edmund W. Janss, Yankee Sí! The Story of Dr. J. Calvitt Clarke and His 36,000 Children (New York: William Morrow, 1961), 182, 126.
373. John C. Caldwell, Children of Calamity (New York: John Day, 1957), 1.
374. Caldwell, Children of Calamity, 29.
375. Caldwell, Children of Calamity, 187
376. Deems Taylor, Some Enchanted Evenings: The Story of Rodgers and Hammerstein (New York: Harper, 1953), 217.
377. Arthur Gelb, “Happy Talk,” New York Times, 28 August 1960, 2-1.
378. David Ewen, Richard Rodgers (New York: Henry Holt, 1957), 223-25.
379. Walter L. Hixson, Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945-1961 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997), 155.
380. Stephen Citron, The Wordsmiths: Oscar Hammerstein 2nd and Alan Jay Lerner (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 232.
381. Eric Johnston, “Messengers from a Free Country,” SR, 4 March 1950, 10.
382. Frederick W. Nolan, The Sound of Their Music: The Story of Rodgers and Hammerstein (New York: Walker, 1978), 160-63.
383. Stanley Green, ed., The Rodgers and Hammerstein Fact Book (New York: Lynn Farnol Group, 1980), 560-78.
384. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, Six Plays by Rodgers and Hammerstein (New York: Random House, 1955), 276.
385. James A. Michener, Tales of the South Pacific (New York: Macmillan, 1947), 112.
386. Rodgers and Hammerstein, Six Plays, 346-47.
387. John P. Hayes, James A. Michener: A Biography (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1984), 66.
388. JohnW. Dower, “Occupied Japan and the American Lake, 1945-1950,” in America’s Asia, ed. Mark Selden and Edward Friedman (New York: Vintage, 1971), 146-206.
389. James A. Michener, “When Does Education Stop?" RD, December 1963, 156.
390. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., The Vital Center (1949; reprint, New York: Da Silva, 1988), 190.
391. Rodgers and Hammerstein, Six Plays, 276, 365.
392. Richard H. Brodhead, Cultures of Letters: Scenes of Reading and Writing in Nineteenth-Century America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 13-47.
393. George C. Herring, America’s Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986), 16, 39.
394. Norman Cousins, “The Lukewarm Peace,” SR, 25 June 1955, 22.
395. James A. Michener, letter to the editor, New York Times, 1 September 1991, 2-2
396. Michael Rogin, Ronald Reagan, the Movie (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), 236-71.
397. Philip Wylie, The Innocent Ambassadors (1957; reprint, New York: Cardinal, 1958), 13.
398. Cleveland Amory, “The Antic Arts,” Holiday, February 1959, 91.
399. Gelb, “Happy Talk,” 2-1.
400. Ewen, Richard Rodgers, 252-53.
401. J. Anthony Lukas, Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families (New York: Vintage, 1986), 286.
402. Mary L. Dudziak, “The Little Rock Crisis and Foreign Affairs: Race, Resistance, and the Image of American Democracy,” Southern California Law Review 7 (1997): 1663.
403. Robert H. Haddow, Pavilions of Plenty: Exhibiting American Culture Abroad in the 1950s (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1997), 169-200.
404. Michael L. Krenn, "‘Unfinished Business’: Segregation and U.S. Diplomacy at the 1958 World’s Fair,” Diplomatic History 20 (1996): 591-612.
405. Michener, The World Is My Home, 294-95.
406. Fordin, Getting to Know Him, 115, 284.
407. Norman Cousins, “Earle Reynolds and His Phoenix,” SR, 11 October 1958, 26.
408. Charles Michener, “Long Live the King,” Newsweek, 16 May 1977, 103.
409. Robert C. Matthews, “The Littlest Immigrants: The Immigration and Adoption of Foreign Orphans,” Ph.D. diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986.
410. Howard Altstein and Rita J. Simon, eds., Intercountry Adoption: A Multinational Perspective (New York: Praeger, 1991).
411. Richard H. Weil, “International Migrations: The Quiet Migration,” International Migration Review 18 (1984): 276-93.
412. Ron Moxness, “Harry Holt and a Heartful of Children,” RD, October 1956, 67-70.
413. Shaila K. Dewan, “Bertha Holt, 96, a Leader in International Adoptions,” New York Times, 2 August 2000, C21.
414. Pearl S. Buck International, “The Pearl S. Buck Foundation, Welcome House Adoption Program, Historical Fact Sheet,” 1996.
415. Michael Hunt, Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987).
416. Stuart Creighton Miller, The Unwelcome Immigrant: The American Image of the Chinese, 1785-1882 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969).
417. Dower, War without Mercy, 147-80.
418. Julie Berebitsky, “Rescue a Child and Save the Nation: The Social Construction of Adoption in the Delineator, 1907-1911,” paper presented at American Studies Association annual meeting, 1995, Pittsburgh, Penn.
419. Isaacs, Images of Asia, 127.
420. Jane Hunter, The Gospel of Gentility: American Women Missionaries in Turn-of-the-Century China (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984), 191-93.
421. Patricia R. Hill, The World Their Household: The American Woman’s Foreign Mission Movement and Cultural Transformation, 1870-1920 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1985), 95-100.
422. T. Christopher Jespersen, American Images of China, 1931-1949 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996).
423. Isaacs, Images of Asia, 195.
424. Darrell Y. Hamamoto, Monitored Peril: Asian Americans and the Politics of TV Representation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), 100-154.
425. Helen Doss, The Family Nobody Wanted (1954; reprint, Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2001).
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428. Taylor, Some Enchanted Evenings, 232.
429. Stanley Green, The Rodgers and Hammerstein Story (London: W. H. Allen, 1963), 153.
430. Gelb, “Happy Talk,” 2-1.
431. Gerald Weales, “Oh What an Endlessly Beautiful Morning!" South Atlantic Quarterly 61 (1957): 204.
432. Ethan Mordden, Rodgers and Hammerstein (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1992), 85.
433. Green, Rodgers and Hammerstein Story, 51-52.
434. Citron, Wordsmiths, 70.
435. Martin Bauml Duberman, Paul Robeson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), 196-97, 228.
436. Michael Denning, The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture (New York: Verso, 1996), 396.
437. Fordin, Getting to Know Him, 160.
438. Larry Ceplund and Steven Englund, The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community, 1930-1960 (New York: Anchor, 1980), 104.
439. Fordin, Getting to Know Him, 143.
440. Schlesinger, Vital Center, 121.
441. Fordin, Getting to Know Him, 211.
442. David Caute, The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge under Truman and Eisenhower (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978), 168.
443. Fordin, Getting to Know Him, 235, 183.
444. Citron, Wordsmiths, 71.
445. Denning, Cultural Front, 309-10.
446. Citron, Wordsmiths, 10.
447. Denning, Cultural Front, 371.
448. Harry Taylor, “Meet Carmen Jones,” New Masses, 21 December 1943.
449. Ralph Warner, “New Plays,” Daily Worker, 6 December 1943.
450. Ralph Warner, “On Broadway,” Worker, 12 December 1943.
451. Miles M. Jefferson, “The Negro on Broadway-1944,” Phylon 6 (1945): 47-48.
452. James Baldwin, “Carmen Jones: The Dark Is Light Enough,” in Collected Essays (New York: Library of America, 1998), 35.
453. James Agee, “Pseudo-Folk,” Partisan Review 11 (1944): 219-23.
454. Fordin, Getting to Know Him, 290, 313.
455. Fordin, Getting to Know Him, 312.
456. Eric J. Sandeen, Picturing an Exhibition: The Family of Man and 1950s America (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995), 3.
457. Sandeen, Picturing an Exhibition, 58, 64-68.
458. Herring, America’s Longest War, 60-62.
459. John F. Kennedy, “America’s Stake in Vietnam,” Vital Speeches, 1 August 1956, 618.
460. Geoffrey S. Smith, “National Security and Personal Isolation: Sex, Gender, and Disease in the Cold-War United States,” International History Review 14 (1992): 307-35.
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463. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: W.W. Norton, 1963).
464. Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era (New York: Basic Books, 1988).
465. Brett Harvey, The Fifties: A Woman’s Oral History (New York: HarperCollins, 1993)..
466. John Lahr, “The Lemon-Drop Kid,” New Yorker, 30 September 1996, 68-74.
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468. Richard Slotkin, Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the Frontier (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1973).
469. Thomas Schatz, Hollywood Genres: Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981), 34-35.
470. Rick Altman, The American Film Musical (1987; Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989).
471. Lahr, “Lemon-Drop Kid,” 74.
472. Donal Henahan, “As Corny as Kansas in August,” New York Times, 15 March 1987, 2:25.
473. Stanley Green, ed., Rodgers and Hammerstein Fact Book (New York: Lynn Farnol Group, 1980), 579-97.
474. David Foil, liner notes, Broadway Classics recording of The King and I. 6.
475. Susan Morgan, “Introduction,” in The Romance of the Harem, by Anna Leonowens (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1991).
476. A. B. Griswold, King Mongkut of Siam (New York: Asia Society, 1961).
477. W. S. Bristowe, Louis and the King of Siam (New York: Thai-American Publishers, 1976).
478. William Warren, “Anna and the King: A Case of Libel,” Asia, March/April 1980, 42-45.
479. Hugh Fordin, Getting to Know Him: A Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II (New York: Random House, 1977), 283-84.
480. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, Six Plays by Rodgers and Hammerstein (New York: Random House, 1955), 388.
481. Frank C. Darling, Thailand and the United States (Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, 1965), 133.
482. Darling, Thailand and the United States, 79-80.
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484. W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960).
485. Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and U.S. Foreign Policy (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987), 160.
486. Emily S. Rosenberg, Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion, 1890-1945 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1982), 7-13.
487. Walter L. Hixson, Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945-1961 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997).
488. Frank A. Ninkovich, The Diplomacy of Ideas: U.S. Foreign Policy and Cultural Relations, 1938-1950 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
489. Frances Stonor Saunders, The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters (New York: New Press, 1999).
490. Walter Johnson and Francis J. Colligan, The Fulbright Program (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965).
491. John W. Henderson, The United States Information Agency (New York: Praeger, 1969), 65.
492. Reinhold Wagnleitner, Coca-Colonization and the Cold War: The Cultural Mission of the United States in Austria after the Cold War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994).
493. Vicente L. Rafael, “Colonial Domesticity: White Women and United States Rule in the Philippines,” American Literature 67 (1995): 639-66.
494. Margaret Landon, Anna and the King of Siam (New York: John Day, 1944), 86-87.
495. Rodgers and Hammerstein, Six Plays, 374.
496. Ernest R. May, ed., American Cold War Strategy: Interpreting NSC 68 (Boston: Bedford Books, 1993), 27.
497. Gary Wills, “Introduction,” in Scoundrel Time, by Lillian Hellman (1976; reprint, New York: Bantam 1977), 18.
498. Harry Truman, “Communist Attack on North Korea a Violation of UN Charter,” Vital Speeches, 1 August 1950, 612.
499. Rodgers and Hammerstein, Six Plays, 439.
500. Rodgers and Hammerstein, Six Plays, 440.
501. Rodgers and Hammerstein, Six Plays, 449.
502. Rodgers and Hammerstein, Six Plays, 448.
503. Rodgers and Hammerstein, Six Plays, 446-47.
504. Wendell L. Wilkie, One World (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1943), 33-34.
505. MacKinnon and MacKinnon, Agnes Smedley, 187.
506. MacKinnon and MacKinnon, Agnes Smedley, 188, 191.
507. Joseph Wechsberg, “The American Musical Conquers Europe,” SR, 29 December 1956, 37.
508. Wagnleitner, Coca-Colonization, 200.
509. Robert Coleman, “King and I Has Heart, Comedy, Lyrics,” New York Daily Mirror, 30 March 1951.
510. Brooks Atkinson, “Theatre: London Trio,” New York Times, 17 May 1955, 33-34.
511. Erika Leuchtag, “Erika and the King of Nepal,” RD, February 1957, 94-97.
512. William Warren, Jim Thompson: The Legendary American of Thailand (1970; reprint, Bangkok: Asia Books, 1979), 70-71.
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517. Landon, Anna and the King of Siam, 388.
518. Warren, “Anna and the King,” 42.
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523. Sucheng Chan, Asian Americans: An Interpretive History (New York: Twayne, 1991).
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528. Daniels, Asian America, 306-7.
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532. Deems Taylor, Some Enchanted Evenings: The Story of Rodgers and Hammerstein (New York: Harper, 1953), 8.
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534. Robert Berry White, “Back in Lights,” Newsweek, 1 December 1958, 53.
535. Bosley Crowther, New York Times, 10 November 1961, 40.
536. Brendan Gill, “The Current Cinema: Paper Problems,” New Yorker, 16 November 1961, 207.
537. Patrick Dennis, “Broadway in Bloom,” New Republic, 22 December 1958, 23.
538. Kenneth Tynan, “Tiny Chinese Minds,” New Yorker, 13 December 1958, 104.
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544. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, Flower Drum Song: A Musical Play (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1959), 34.
545. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II, Flower Drum Song: A Musical Play (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1959), 26.
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559. Norman Cousins, “Life Begins at Twenty-Five,” SR, 24 April 1965, 28.
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564. Daws, Shoal of Time, 387-88, 369.
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