Digestive physiology of the weaned pig

Weaning the pig: concepts and consequences

Volumn , Issue , 2023, Pages 117-144

  Miller, H M ^a   Slade, R D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85199645710     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (88)

1. Baksheev, L. and P.J. Fuller. 2000. Humoral factors in intestinal adaptation. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 11, 401-405.
2. Ball, R.O., J.D. House, L.J. Wykes and P.B. Pencharz. 1995. A piglet model for neonatal amino acid metabolism during total parenteral nutrition. In: L.B. Schook and M.E. Tumbleson (editors). Advances in Swine Biomedical Research, University of Maryland, University College Park, Maryland: Plenum Press pp. 713-731.
3. Bark, L.J., T.D. Crenshaw and V.D. Leibbrandt. 1986. The effect of meal intervals and weaning on feed intake of early weaned pigs. Journal of Animal Science 62, 1233-1239.
4. Bertolo, R.F.P., P.B. Penharz and R.O. Ball. 2000. Organ and plasma amino acid concentrations are profoundly different in piglets fed identical diets via gastric, central venous or portal venous routes. Journal of Nutrition 130, 1261-1266.
5. Bloom, S.R. and J.M. Polak. 1982. The hormonal pattern of intestinal adaptation: a major role for enteroglucagon. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 17, 93-103.
6. Buddington, R.K. 1993. Nutrition and ontogenic development of the intestine. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, 251-259.
7. Buddington, R.K., J. Elnif, A.A. Puchal-Gardiner and P.T. Sangild. 2001. Intestinal apical amino acid absorption during development of the pig. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, R241-R247.
8. Buddington, R.K. and C. Malo. 1996. Intestinal brush-border membrane enzyme activities and transport functions during prenatal development of pigs. Journal of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 23, 51-64.
9. Buonomo, F.C. and C.A Baile. 1991. Influence of nutritional deprivation on insulin-like growth factor 1, somatotrophin and metabolic hormones in swine. Journal of Animal Science 69, 755-760.
10. Burrin, D.G. 1997. Is milk-borne insulin-like growth factor-1 essential for neonatal development? Journal of Nutrition 127, 975S-979S.
11. Burrin, D.G., Y. Petersen, B. Stoll and P. Sanglid. 2001. Glucagon-like peptide 2: A nutrient-responsive gut growth factor. Journal of Nutrition 131, 709-712.
12. Burrin, D.G., B. Stoll, R. Jian, Y. Petersen, R.K. Buddington, M. Schmidt, J.J. Holst, B. Hartmann and P.T. Sangild. 2000. GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth in premature TPN-fed pigs by supressing proteolysis and apoptosis. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, G1249-G1256.
13. Carroll, J.A., T.L. Veum and R.L. Matteri. 1998. Endocrine response to weaning and changes in post-weaning diet in the young pig. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 15, 183-194.
14. Cera, K.R., D.C. Mahan, R.F. Cross, G.A. Reinhart and R.E. Whitmoyer. 1988. Effect of age, weaning and postweaning diet on small intestinal growth and jejunal morphology in young swine. Journal of Animal Science 66, 574-584.
15. Collie, N.L., Z. Zhu, S. Jordan and J.R. Reeve Jr. 1997. Oxyntomodulin stimulates intestinal glucose uptake in rats. Gastroenterology 112, 1961-1970.
16. Cranwell, P.D. 1995. Development of neonatal gut and enzyme systems. In: M.A. Varley (editor), The Neonatal Pig: Development and Survival. Oxon: CAB International, pp. 99-154.
17. Cuber, J.C. 1997. Secretory activity of the endocrine, I and M cells of the gut. In: Digestive Physiology in Pig. Institut National la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris, France. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium Saint Malo, France.: Institut National la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris, France, pp. 144-157.
18. Dreau, D. and J. Lalles. 1999. Contribution to the study of gut hypersensitivity reactions to soyabean proteins in the preruminant calves and early-weaned piglets. Livestock Production Science 60, 209-218.
19. Drucker, D.J. 1997. Epithelial cell growth and differentiation I. Intestinal growth factors. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 273, G3-G6.
20. Drucker, D.J., L. DeForest and P.L. Brubaker. 1997. Intestinal response to growth factors administered alone or in combination with human [Gly2]glucagon-like peptide 2. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 273, G1252-G1262.
21. Fischer, K.D., S. Dhanvantari, D.J. Drucker and P.L. Brubaker. 1997. Intestinal growth is associated with elevated levels of glucagon-like peptide 2 in diabetic rats. American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism 273, E815-E820.
22. Flynn, N.E. and G. Wu. 1997. Glucocorticoids play an important role in mediating the enhanced metabolism of arginine and glutamine in enterocytes of postweaning pigs. Journal of Nutrition 127, 732-737.
23. Fox, P.F. and A. Flynn. 1993. Biological properties of milk. In: M.S. Rios, A. Sastre, M.A.P. Juez, A. Estrala and C. De Sebastian (editors), Dairy products in Human Health and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain: A.A. Balkema, pp. 97-111.
24. Gestin, M., I. Le Heuron-Luron, G. Le Drean, J. Peiniau, V. Rome-Philouze, A. Aumaitre and P. Guilloteau. 1997b. Effect of age and feed intake on pancreatic enzyme activities in piglets. In: Digestive Physiology in Pigs. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium Saint Malo, France.: Institut National la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris, France, pp. 127-130.
25. Gestin, M., I. Le Heuron-Luron, J. Peiniau, G. Le Drean, V. Rome, A. Aumaitre and P. Guilloteau. 1997a. Diet modifies elastase I and II activities and mRNA levels during postnatal development and weaning in piglets. Journal of Nutrition 127, 2205-2211.
26. Goldstein, R.N., T. Hebiguchi, G.D. Luk, F. Taqi, T.R. Guilarte, F.A. Franklin, P.W. Niemiec and D.L. Dudgeon. 1985. The effects of total parenteral nutrition on gastrointestinal growth and development. Journal of Paediatric Surgery 20, 785-791.
27. Hampson, D.J. 1983. Post-weaning changes in the piglet small intestine in relation to growth checks and diarrhoea. Thesis. Department of Animal Husbandry. Bristol: University of Bristol.
28. Hampson, D.J. 1986. Alterations in piglet small intestinal structure at weaning. Research in Veterinary Science 40, 32-40.
29. Hansen, L., C.F. Deacon, C. Orskov and J.J. Holst. 1999. Glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide is transformed to glucagon-like peptide-1-(9-36) amide by dipeptidyl IV in the capillaries supplying the L cells of the porcine intestine. Endocrinology 140, 5356-5363.
30. Henin, S. and M.W. Smith. 1976. Electrical properties of pig colonic mucosa measured during early post-natal development. Journal of Physiology 262, 169-187.
31. Holst, J.J. 2000. Gut hormones as pharmaceuticals: From enteroglucagon to GLP-1 and GLP-2. Regulatory Peptides 93, 45-51.
32. Jiang, R., X. Chang, B. Stoll, M.Z. Fan, J. Arthington, E. Weaver, J. Campbell and D.G. Burrin. 2000. Dietary plasma protein reduces small intestinal growth and lamina propria cell density in early weaned pigs. Journal of Nutrition 130, 21-26.
33. Kelly, D., R. Begbie and T.P. King. 1992. Postnatal intestinal development. In: M.A. Varley, P.E.V. Williams and T.L.J. Lawrence (editors), Neanatal Survival and Growth, British Society of Animal Production: Edinburgh, pp. 63-79.
34. Kelly, D., J.A. Smyth and K.J. McCracken. 1991. Digestive development in the early-weaned pig. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 169-180.
35. Knapper, J.M.E., A. Heath, J.M. Fletcher, L.M. Morgan and V. Marks. 1995. GIP and GLP-1(7-36) amide secretion in response to intaduodenal infusion of nutrients in pigs. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 111C, 445-450.
36. Le Dividich, J. and B. Seve. 2000. Effects of underfeeding during the weaning period on growth, metabolism and hormonal adjustments in the piglet. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 19, 63-74.
37. Lopez-Pedrosa, J.M., M. Ramirez, M.I. Torres and A. Gil. 1999. Dietary phospholipids rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids improve the repair of the small intestine in previously malnourished pigs. Journal of Nutrition 129, 1149-1155.
38. Makkink, C.A., G.P. Negulescu, Q. Guixin and M.W.A. Verstegen. 1994. Effect of dietary protein source on feed intake, growth, pancreatic enzyme activities and jejunal morphology in newly-weaned piglets. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 353-368.
39. Manners, M.J. and J.A. Stevens. 1972. Changes from birth to maturity in the pattern of distribution of lactase and sucrase activity in the mucosa of the small intestine of pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 28, 113-127.
40. McCracken, B.A., M.E. Spurlock, M.A. Roos, F.A. Zuckermann and H.R. Gaskins. 1999. Weaning anorexia may contribute to local inflammation in the piglet small intestine. Journal of Nutrition 129, 613-619.
41. McCracken, K.J. 1989. Post-weaning voluntary food intake of pigs weaned at 2 or 4 weeks of age. In: J.M. Forbes, M.A. Varley and T.L.J. Lawrence (editors), The Voluntary Food Intake of Pigs: Occasional Publication No. 13, British Society of Animal Production, pp. 101-102.
42. Miller, B.G., M. Bailey, E. Telemo and C.R. Stokes. 1991. Hypersensitivity to soya bean protein in early weaned pigs. In: J.P.F. D’Mello and C.M. Duffus (editors), Toxic Factors in Crop Plants. Proceedings of the Second Spring Conference, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 86-94.
43. Miller, B.G., P.S. James, M.W. Smith and F.J. Bourne. 1986. Effect of weaning on the capacity of pig intestinal villi to digest and absorb nutrients. Journal of Agricultural Science 107, 579-589.
44. Moon, H.W. and D.D. Joel. 1975. Epithelial cell migration in the small intestine. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36, 187-189.
45. Moughan, P.J., M.J. Birtles, P.D. Cranwell, W.C. Smith and M. Pedraza. 1992. The piglet as a model for studying aspects of digestion and absorption in milk-fed human infants. World. Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. 67, 40-113.
46. Murray, R.D., A.H. Ailabouni, P.A. Powers, H.J. McClung, B.U. K. Li, L.A. Heitlinger and H.R. Sloan. 1991. Absorption of lactose from colon of newborn piglet. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 261, G1-G8.
47. Newby, T.J., B. Miller, C.R. Stokes, D. Hampson and F.J. Bourne. 1994. Local hypersensitivity response to dietary antigens in early weaned pigs. In: D.J. A. Cole and W. Haresign (editors), Recent Developments in Pig Nutrition, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, pp. 211-221.
48. Newport, M.J. and H.D Keal. 1982. Artificial rearing of pigs. Effect of replacement of dried skim-milk by either soya-protein isolate or concentrate on the performance of the pigs and digestion of protein. British Journal of Nutrition 48, 89-96.
49. Pacha, J. 2000. Development of intestinal transport function in mammals. Physiological Reviews 80, 1633-1667.
50. Peng, M., M-F. Palin, D. LeBel and G. Pelletier. 1996. Effect of weaning on epidermal growth factor and its receptor messenger RNA levels in various tissues of piglets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, 621-624.
51. Pestova, M.I., R.E. Clift, R.J. Vickers, M.A. Franklin and A.G. Mathew. 2000. Effect of weaning and dietary galactose supplementation on digesta glycoproteins in pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80, 1918-1924.
52. Pluske, J.R., D.J. Hampson and I.H. Williams. 1997. Factors influencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: a review. Livestock Production Science 51, 215-236.
53. Pluske, J.R., I.H. Williams and F.X. Aherne. 1991. Maintenance of villous height and crypt depth in the small intestine of weaned piglets. In: E.S. Batterham (editor), Manipulating Pig Production III, edited by. Victoria: Australasian Pig Science Association, Werribee, p143.
54. Pluske, J.R., I.H. Williams and F.X. Aherne. 1996a. Maintenance of villous height and crypt depth in piglets by providing continuous nutrition after weaning. Animal Science 62, 131-144.
55. Pluske, J.R., I.H. Williams and F.X. Aherne. 1996b. Villous height and crypt depth in piglets in response to increases in the intake of cow’s milk after weaning. Animal Science 62, 145-158.
56. Puchal, A.A. and R.K. Buddington. 1992. Postnatal development of monosaccharide transport in pig intestine. American Journal of Physiology: Gastroenterology and Liver Physiology 262, G895-G902.
57. Rantzer, D., J. Svendsen, O. Samuelsson, P. Kiela, M.-J. Thaela and S. Pierzynowski. 1997. Developmental aspects of pancreatic exocrine secretion at weaning in the pig. In: Digestive Physiology in Pigs. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium Saint Malo, France.: Institut National la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris, France, pp. 190-193.
58. Read, N., Ś. French and K. Cunningham. 1994. The role of the gut in regulation of food intake in man. Nutrition Reviews 52, 1-10.
59. Reeds, P.J., D.G. Burrin, F. Jahoor, L. Wykes, J. Henry and E.M. Frazer. 1996. Enteral glutamate is almost completely metabolized in first pass by the gastrointestinal tract of infant pigs. American Journal of Physiology 270, E413-E418.
60. Reeds, P.J., D.G. Burrin, B. Stoll and F. Jahoor. 2000. Intestinal glutamate metabolism. Journal of Nutrition 130, 978S-982S.
61. Remillard, R.L., F. Guerino, D.L. Dudgeon and J.H. Yardley. 1998a. Intravenous glutamine or limited enteral feedings in piglets: Amelioration of small intestine disuse atrophy. Journal of Nutrition 128, 2723S-2726S.
62. Remillard, R.L., D.L. Dudgeon and J.H. Yardley. 1998b. Atrophied small intestinal responses of piglets to oral feedings of milk. Journal of Nutrition 128, 2727S-2729S.
63. Rhoads, J.M., R.J. Macleod and J.R. Hamilton. 1988. Effect of glucocorticoid on piglet jejunal mucosa during acute viral enteritis. Paediatric Research 23, 279-282.
64. Roberge, J.N. and P.L. Brubaker. 1993. Regulation of intestinal proglucagon-derived peptide secretion by glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide in a novel enteroendocrine loop. Endocrinology 133, 233-240.
65. Roitt, I., J. Brostoff and D. Male. 1998. Hypersensitivity. In: L. Crowe (editor), Immunology, London: Mosby, pp. 301-352.
66. Salgado, P., J.P. Lalles, R. Tuollec, M. Mourato, F. Cabral and J.P.B. Freire. 2001. Nutrient digestibility of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds and effects on the small intestine of weaned piglets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 91, 197-212.
67. Sangild, P.T., A.L. Fowden and J.F. Trahair. 2000. How does the foetal gastrointestinal tract develop in preparation for enteral nutrition after birth? Livestock Production Science 66, 141-150.
68. Sangild, P.T., H. Sjostrum, O. Noren, A.L. Fowden and M. Silver. 1995. The prenatal development and glucocorticoid control of brush-border hydrolases in the pig small intestine. Paediatric Research 37, 207-212.
69. Sepulveda, F.V. and M.W. Smith. 1979. Different mechanisms for neutral amino acid uptake by new-born pig colon. Journal of Physiology 286, 479-490.
70. Slade, R.D. and H.M. Miller. 2000. Changes in gastric, small intestinal and hepatic tissue growth coefficients following weaning. In: The Weaner Pig. University of Nottingham, UK: British Society of Animal Scienc, pp. 37.
71. Stoll, B., J. Henry, P.J. Reeds, H. Yu, F. Jahoor and D.G. Burrin. 1998. Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets. Journal of Nutrition 128, 606-614.
72. Tasman-Jones, C., R. Owen and A.L. Jones. 1982. The effect of dietary fibre components on the morphology of the small intestine of the rat. In: J.W.L. Robinson, R.H. Dowling and E.O. Riecken (editors), Mechanisms of intestinal adaptation, Raven Press, pp. 169-171.
73. van Beers-Schreurs, H.M.G., M.J.A. Nabuurs, L. Vellenga, H.J. Kalsbeek-van der Valk, T. Wensing and H.J. Breukink. 1998. Weaning and the weanling diet influence the villous height and crypt depth in the small intestine of pigs and alter the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine and blood. Journal of Nutrition 128, 947-953.
74. van Goudoever, J.B., B. Stoll, B. Hartmann, J.J. Holst, P.J. Reeds and D.G. Burrin. 2001. Secretion of trophic gut peptides is not different in bolus-and continuously fed piglets. Journal of Nutrition 131, 729-732.
75. Westrom, B.R., B. Ohlsson and B.W. Karlsson. 1987. Development of porcine pancreatic hydrolases and their isozymes from the foetal period to adulthood. Pancreas 2, 589-596.
76. White, M.E., T.G. Ramsay, J.M. Osborne, K.A. Kampman and D.W. Leaman. 1991. Effect of weaning at different ages on serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding proteins and serum in vitro mitogenic activity in swine.” Journal of Animal Science 69, 134-145.
77. Whittemore, C.T., A. Aumaitre and I.H. Williams. 1978. Growth of body components in young weaned pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 91, 681-692.
78. Windmueller, H.G. and A.E. Spaeth. 1980. Respiratory fuels and nitrogen metabolism in vivo in the small intestine of fed rats. Quantitative importance of glutamine, glutamate and aspartate. Journal of Biological Chemistry 255, 107-112.
79. Wu, G. 1998. Intestinal mucosal amino acid metabolism. Journal of Nutrition 128, 1249-1252.
80. Wu, G., C.J. Meininger, K. Kelly, M. Watford and S.M. Morris Jnr. 2000. A cortisol surge mediates the enhanced expression of pig intestinal pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase during weaning. Journal of Nutrition 130, 1914-1919.
81. Wykes, L.J., R.O. Ball and P.B. Pencharz. 1993. The development and validation of a total parenteral nutrition model in the neonatal pig. Journal of Nutrition 123, 1248-1259.
82. Xu, R.J., D.J. Mellor, P. Tungthanathanich, M.J. Birtles, G.W. Reynolds and H.V. Simpson. 1992. Growth and morphological changes in the small and large intestine in piglets during the first three days after birth. Journal of Developmental Physiology 18, 161-172.
83. Xu, R.J., F. Wang and S.H. Zhang. 2000. Postnatal adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal pigs: a possible role of milk-borne growth factors. Livestock Production Science 66, 95-107.
84. Yu, Y-M., D.A. Wagner, E.E. Tredget, J.A. Walaszewski, J.F. Burke and V.R. Young. 1990. Quantitative role of splanchnic region in leucine metabolism: L-[1-13C 15N] leucine and substrate balance studies. American Journal of Physiology 259, E36-E51.
85. Zabielski, R., I. Le Hueron-Luron and P. Guilloteau. 1999. Development of gastrointestinal and pancreatic functions in mammalians (mainly bovine and porcine species): influence of age and ingested food. Reproduction Nutrition Development 39, 5-26.
86. Zebrowska, T., A.G. Low and H. Zebrowska. 1983. Studies on gastric digestion of protein and carbohydrate, gastric secretion and exocrine pancreatic secretion in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 49, 401-410.
87. Zhang, H., C. Malo, C.R. Boyle and R.K. Buddington. 1998. Diet influences development of the pig (Sus scrofa) intestine during the 6 hours after birth. Journal of Nutrition 128, 1302-1310.
88. Zhang, H., C. Malo and R.K. Buddington. 1997. Suckling induces rapid intestinal growth and changes in brush border digestive functions in newborn pigs. Journal of Nutrition 127, 418-426.