“New” Human Rights: U.S. Ambivalence Toward the International Economic and Social Rights Framework

Bringing Human Rights Home: Volumes 1-3

Volumn 1-3, Issue , 2007, Pages 103-144

  Lewis, Hope ^a  

^a NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85186806333     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (128)

1. Jeanne M. Woods and Hope Lewis (eds.), Human Rights & the Global Marketplace: Economic, Social, and Cultural Dimensions (Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2005), p. 62.
2. Martin Luther King Jr., “The Time is Always Right to do Right,” (speech presented at Syracuse University, New York, July 15, 1965), available online at students.syr.edu/osvp/drkingaddress.html (accessed February 15, 2007).
3. Ian Shapiro and Will Kymlicka (eds.), Ethnicity and Group Rights (New York: New York University Press, 1997).
4. S. James Anaya and Robert A. Williams Jr., “The Protection of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Over Lands and Natural Resources Under the Inter-American Human Rights System,” Harvard Human Rights Journal 14 (2001): 33.
5. Philip Alston, “U.S. Ratification of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: The Need for an Entirely New Strategy,” American Journal of International Law 84 (1990): 365.
6. David Weissbrodt, Joan Fitzpatrick, and Frank Newman (eds.), International Human Rights: Law, Policy, and Process, 3rd ed. (Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing, 2001), p. 134.
7. Frank Deale, “The Unhappy History of Economic Rights in the United States and Prospects for their Creation and Renewal,” Howard Law Journal 43 (2000): 281.
8. Ford Foundation, Close to Home: Case Studies of Human Rights Work in the United States (New York: Ford Foundation, 2004).
9. Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann and Claude E. Welch (eds.), Economic Rights in Canada and the United States (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006).
10. Barbara J. Stark, “Economic Rights in the United States and International Human Rights Law: Toward ‘an Entirely New Strategy,' " in David P. Forsythe (ed.), The United States and Human Rights: Looking Inward and Outward (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000).
11. Cass R. Sunstein, The Second Bill of Rights: Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Unfinished Revolution and Why We Need It More Than Ever (New York: Basic Books, 2004).
12. United States Human Rights Network: Something Inside So Strong: A Resource Guide on Human Rights in the United States (Washington, DC: United States Human Rights Network, 2003).
13. Jeanne M. Woods and Hope Lewis (eds.), Human Rights and the Global Marketplace: Economic, Social, and Cultural Dimensions (Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2005), p. 53.
14. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, p. 60.
15. Paul Gordon Lauren, The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), pp. 18-20.
16. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 43-67.
17. Barbara J. Stark, “Deconstructing the Framers’ Right to Property:Liberty’s Daughters and Economic Rights,” Hofstra Law Review 28 (2000): 963, 967.
18. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, p. 850.
19. Herman Schwartz, “The Wisdom and Enforceability of Welfare Rights as Constitutional Rights,” Human Rights Brief 8(2) (2001), available online at www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/08/2rights.cfm.
20. Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 868, 871.
21. Mary Ann Glendon, A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (New York:Random House, 2001), p. 186.
22. Deale, “The Unhappy History,” p. 320.
23. Carol Anderson, Eyes Off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944-1955 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
24. Mary Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).
25. Paul Gordon Lauren, Power and Prejudice: The Politics and Diplomacy of Racial Discrimination, 2nd ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996).
26. Brenda Gayle Plummer, Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996).
27. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 43-67.
28. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 64-67.
29. Immanuel Kant, “The Doctrine of Virtue,” in The Metaphysics of Morals (1797) (Mary Gregor trans. 1991)
30. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 54-55.
31. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 63-64, n. 5.
32. American Anthropological Association, “Statement on Human Rights,” American Anthropologist 49(4) (1947): 539.
33. Henry J. Steiner and Philip Alston, International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 372-374.
34. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, p. 80.
35. Mary Ann Glendon, A World Made New, p. 17.
36. Paul Gordon Lauren, The Evolution of Human Rights: Visions Seen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), pp. 223-225.
37. Glendon, A World Made New, pp. 10, 13.
38. Makau Mutua, Human Rights: A Political and Cultural Critique (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000).
39. Lauren, Evolution of International Human Rights, p. 142.
40. Paolo G. Carrozza, “From Conquest to Constitutions: Retrieving a Latin American Tradition of the Idea of Human Rights,” Human Rights Quarterly 25, no. 2 (2003): 281.
41. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 72-74.
42. Mary Ann Glendon, “The Sources of ‘Rights Talk,' " Commonweal 28(17) (October 13, 2001): 11.
43. Weissbrodt, Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights 86.
44. Sunstein, Second Bill of Rights, pp. 1, 18-19.
45. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, p. 89.
46. Roosevelt, "1944 State of the Union Address,” in Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 75-77.
47. Sunstein, Second Bill of Rights, pp. 10-11.
48. Anderson, Eyes Off the Prize, pp. 16-17.
49. Lauren, Evolution of International Human Rights, p. 124.
50. Bert B. Lockwood Jr., “The United Nations Charter and United States Civil Rights Litigation:1946-1955,” Iowa Law Review 901 (1984): 69.
51. Louis Henkin, “International Law, Politics, Values and Functions,” Collected Courses of The Hague Law Academy of International Droit, vol. IV (1989), pp. 215, 216.
52. Glendon, “Sources of ‘Rights Talk,' " in Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 84-85.
53. Steiner and Alston, International Human Rights in Context, pp. 138-139.
54. Steiner and Alston, International Human Rights in Context, p. 138.
55. Steiner and Alston, International Human Rights in Context, p. 244.
56. Paolo G. Carrozza, “From Conquest to Constitutions,” excerpted in Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 72-74.
57. Eleanor Roosevelt, “Eleanor Roosevelt’s Nightly Prayer,” from Elliott Roosevelt and James Brough, Glendon, A World Made New, p. ix.
58. Glendon, A World Made New, p. 43.
59. Steiner and Alston, International Human Rights in Context, p. 138.
60. Steiner and Alston, International Human Rights in Context, pp. 142-143.
61. Glendon, A World Made New, p. 186.
62. Mary L. Dudziak, “Desegregation as a Cold War Imperative,” Stanford Law Review 41 (1988): 61.
63. Mary Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).
64. Lauren, Evolution of International Human Rights, p. 227.
65. Gay McDougall, “Shame in Our Own House,” The American Prospect (October 2004): A23-A24.
66. Brenda Gayle Plummer, Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs, 1935-1960 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), pp. 180-181.
67. Lauren, Evolution of International Human Rights, pp. 226-227.
68. Plummer, Rising Wind, pp. 178-184.
69. Plummer, Rising Wind, p. 179.
70. Lauren, Evolution of International Human Rights, pp. 226-227.
71. Plummer, Rising Wind, p. 179.
72. Plummer, Rising Wind, p. 182.
73. Plummer, Rising Wind, pp. 182-183.
74. Plummer, Rising Wind, pp. 183-184.
75. Plummer, Rising Wind, p. 183.
76. Plummer, Rising Wind, pp. 202-203.
77. Weissbrodt, Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, p. 124.
78. Plummer, Rising Wind, pp. 202-203.
79. Plummer, Rising Wind, pp. 202-203.
80. Anderson, Eyes Off the Prize, pp. 203-206.
81. Glendon, A World Made New, pp. 99-100.
82. Weissbrodt, Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, p. 117.
83. Lockwood, “United States Civil Rights Litigation,” 901.
84. Detlev F. Vagts, “The United States and Its Treaties: Observance and Breach,” American Journal of International Law 95 (2001): 313, 320.
85. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 67, 70.
86. Gay J. McDougall, “Shame in Our Own House,” The American Prospect (October 2004): A22.
87. Lauren, Evolution of International Human Rights, pp. 245-246.
88. Lauren, Evolution of International Human Rights, pp. 253-254.
89. Malcolm X, February 21, 1965 speech to the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). Available online at www.malcolmx.org/docs/gen_oaau.htm
90. David P. Forsythe and Eric A. Heinze, “On the Margins of the Human Rights Discourse:Foreign Policy and International Welfare Rights,” in Howard-Hassmann and Welch (eds.), Economic Rights in Canada and the United States, pp. 55, 58.
91. Weissbrodt, Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, pp. 530-531.
92. Martin Luther King Jr., “The Time is Always Right to do Right,” (speech presented at Syracuse University, New York, July 15, 1965), available online at students.syr.edu/osvp/drkingaddress.html.
93. Cyrus Vance, “Human Rights and Foreign Policy,” Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law 7 (1977): 223.
94. Newman, International Human Rights, p. 141.
95. Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, p. 142.
96. Weissbrodt, Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, p. 143.
97. Burns Weston, “U.S. Ratification of the International Covenants on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: With or Without Qualifications?" in Richard B. Lillich (ed.), U.S. Ratification of the Human Rights Treaties: With or Without Reservations? (1981), pp. 30-38.
98. Weissbrodt, Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, pp. 145-148.
99. Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, p. 142.
100. Weissbrodt, Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, p. 138.
101. Barbara J. Stark, “Economic Rights in the United States and International Human Rights Law: Toward ‘an Entirely New Strategy,' " in David P. Forsythe (ed.), The United States and Human Rights: Looking Inward and Outward (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000)
102. Forsythe and Heinze, “On the Margins,” in Howard-Hassmann and Welch, Economic Rights, p. 58.
103. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, United States Department of State, “Human Rights,” available online at www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/(accessed March 9, 2007).
104. Weissbrodt, Fitzpatrick, and Newman, International Human Rights, p. 128.
105. Philip Alston and Gerard Quinn, “The Nature and Scope of States Parties Obligations under the ICESCR,” Human Rights Quarterly 9 (1987): 156.
106. Steiner and Alston, Human Rights in Context, pp. 1327-1328.
107. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 194-198.
108. David P. Forsythe and Eric A. Heinze, “On the Margins of the Human Rights Discourse: Foreign Policy and International Welfare Rights,” in Howard-Hassmann and Welch (eds.), Economic Rights in Canada and the United States, pp. 55, 58.
109. David Beetham, “What Future for Economic and Social Rights?,” Political Studies 41 (1993): 443.
110. Herman Schwartz, “The Wisdom and Enforceability of Welfare Rights as Constitutional Rights,” Human Rights Brief 8(2) (2001), available online at www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/08/2rights.cfm
111. Barbara Stark, “Economic Rights in the United States and International Human Rights Law: Toward an Entirely New Strategy,” Hastings Law Journal 44 (1992): 79.
112. Barbara J. Stark, “Economic Rights in the United States and International Human Rights Law: Toward ‘an Entirely New Strategy,' " in David P. Forsythe (ed.), The United States and Human Rights: Looking Inward and Outward (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000).
113. Henry Shue, Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affl uence, and U.S. Foreign Policy 2nd ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996).
114. George E. Edwards, “International Human Rights Law Violations Before, During, and After Hurricane Katrina: An International Law Framework for Analysis,” Thurgood Marshall Law Review 31 (2006): 356.
115. Arjun K. Sengupta, “Extreme Poverty and Human Rights - A Mission Report on the United States” (January 6, 2007), available online at ssrn.com/abstract=961230 (accessed March 12, 2007).
116. UN Human Rights Committee, Concluding Observations on Report of the USA to the Human Rights Committee (July 27, 2006), available online at www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/AdvanceDocs/CCPR.C.USA.CO.pdf (accessed March 9, 2007).
117. Aryeh Neier, “Social and Economic Rights: A Critique,” Human Rights Bulletin 13(2) (Winter 2006): 1.
118. Kenneth Roth, “Defending Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Practical Issues Faced by an International Human Rights Organization,” Human Rights Quarterly 26 (2004): 63-73.
119. Leonard S. Rubenstein, “How International Human Rights Organizations Can Advance Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: A Response to Kenneth Roth,” Human Rights Quarterly 26 (2004): 845-865.
120. United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, available online at www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/.
121. Amnesty International, “Economic, Social and Cultural Rights are Human Rights,” available online at web.amnesty.org/pages/economist-response-index-eng
122. Woods and Lewis, “Chapter Eight: South Africa: The Bill of Rights Approach,” in Human Rights, pp. 715-780.
123. Woods and Lewis, “Chapter Seven: India: The ‘Directive Principles’ Approach,” in Human Rights, pp. 653-713.
124. Woods and Lewis, “Chapter Nine: The Council of Europe: A Blending of the Categories,” in Human Rights, pp. 781-839.
125. Alicia Ely Yamin, “The Future in the Mirror: Incorporating Strategies for the Defense and Promotion of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights into the Mainstream Human Rights Agenda,” Human Rights Quarterly 27 (2006): 1200-1244.
126. Rhoda Howard-Hassmann, “The ‘Full-Belly’ Thesis: Should Economic Rights take Priority over Civil and Political Rights? Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa,” Human Rights Quarterly 5(4) (1983): 467-490.
127. Mississippi Worker’s Center for Human Rights, available online at www.msworkerscenter.org/.
128. Woods and Lewis, Human Rights, pp. 923-930.