Heavy metal content in edible salts in Isfahan and estimation of their daily intake via salt consumption

International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 41-45

  Pourgheysari, Hajar ^a   Moazeni, Malihe ^a   Ebrahimi, Afshin ^a  

^a ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

Contamination; Dietary exposure; Heavy metals; PTWI; Refined unrefined salts

Indexed keywords

EID: 85164919217     PISSN: None     EISSN: 22779183     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/2277-9183.102376     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Khaniki GR, Dehghani MH, Mahvi AH, Nazmara S. Determination of trace metal contaminants in edible salts in Tehran (Iran) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J Biol Sci 2007;7:811-4.
2. Voutsa D, Samara C. Dietary intake of trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via vegetables grown in an industrial Greek area. Sci Total Env 1998;218:203-16.
3. Muñoz O, Bastias JM, Araya M, Morales A, Orellana C, Rebolledo R, et al. Estimation of the dietary intake of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic by the population of Santiago (Chile) using a Total Diet Study. Food Chem Toxicol 2005;43:1647-55.
4. Soylak M, Peker DS, Turkoglu O. Heavy metal contents of refined and unrefined table salts from Turkey, Egypt and Greece. Environ Monit Assess 2008;143:267-72.
5. Islam EU, Yang X, He Z, Mahmood Q. Assessing potential dietary toxicity of heavy metals in selected vegetables and food crops. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2007;8:1-13.
6. Singh A, Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Marshall FM. Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of foodstuffs from the wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:611-9.
7. Zheng N, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zheng D, Zhang Z, Zhang S. Population health risk due to dietary intake of heavy metals in the industrial area of Huludao city, China. Sci Total Environ 2007;387:96-104.
8. Mol S. Determination of trace metals in canned anchovies and canned rainbow trouts. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;49:348-51.
9. Cheraghali AM, Kobarfard F, Faeizy N. Heavy metals contamination of table salt consumed in Iran. Iran J Pharm Res 2010;9:129-32.
10. Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S. Krause s food and nutrition therapy. 11th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia,USA. 2008;900-916.
11. Ireland DM, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. Achieving the salt intake target of 6 g/Day in the current food supply in free-living adults using two dietary education strategies. J Am Diet Assoc 2010;110:763-7.
12. He FJ, MacGregor GA. Reducing population salt intake worldwide: From evidence to implementation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;52:363-82.
13. Amorim FA, Ferreira SL. Determination of cadmium and lead in table salt by sequential multi-element flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 2005;65:960-4.
14. Steinhauser G, Sterba JH, Poljanc K, Bichler M, Buchtela K. Trace elements in rock salt and their bioavailability estimated from solubility in acid. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2006;20:143-53.
15. Peker DS, Turkoglu O, Soylak M. Dysprosium (III) hydroxide coprecipitation system for the separation and preconcentration of heavy metal contents of table salts and natural waters. J Hazard Mat 2007;143:555-60.
16. Sodium Chloride Determination of Total Cadmium Content by Flame Atomic Adsorption Spectrometric Method. Islamic Republic of Iran: Institute of Standards and Industrial Research(ISIRI); 1992.
17. Lee HS, Cho YH, Park SO, Kye SH, Kim BH, Hahm TS, et al. Dietary exposure of the Korean population to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. J Food Compost Anal 2006;19: S31-7.
18. Food and Feed-Maximum limit of heavy metals. 1st ed. Islamic Republic of Iran: Institute of Standards and Industrial Research(ISIRI), 2009.
19. Codex standard for food grade salt, CX STAN 150-1985-Amend.3-2006;1-7.
20. Malakootian M, Yaghmaeian K, Meserghani M, Mahvi A, Daneshpajouh M. Determination of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni contamination in imported Indian rice to Iran. Iran J Health Environ 2011;4:77-84.
21. Joint FAO/WHO exoert committee on food additives. Sixty-first meeting, Rome., 2003.
22. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. 41st Report of Joint FAO/WHO Committee on Food Additives, Geneva, Switzerland, 1993.
23. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Thirty-Third Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert. Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series No. 776, Geneva, World Health Organization, 1989.
24. Narin I, Soylak M. Enrichment and determinations of nickel (II), cadmium (II), copper (II), cobalt (II) and lead (II) ions in natural waters, table salts, tea and urine samples as pyrrolydine dithiocarbamate chelates by membrane filtration-flame atomic absorption spectrometry combination. Anal Chim Acta 2003;493:205-12.
25. Papagiannis I, Kagalou I, Leonardos J, Petridis D, Kalfakakou V. Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from Lake Pamvotis (Greece). Environ Int 2004;30:357-62.