메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-34

Perceiving vowels in a second language

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85136941796     PISSN: 02722631     EISSN: 14701545     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0272263104026117     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (239)

References (78)
  • 3
    • 14044266992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of perceived phonetic similarity on non-native sound learning by children and adults
    • B. Skarabela, S. Fish, & A. Do (Eds.) . Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press
    • Baker, W., Trofimovich, P., Mack, M., & Flege, J. (2002). The effect of perceived phonetic similarity on non-native sound learning by children and adults. In B. Skarabela, S. Fish, & A. Do (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (pp. 36-47). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 26th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development , pp. 36-47
    • Baker, W.1    Trofimovich, P.2    Mack, M.3    Flege, J.4
  • 4
    • 0002716233 scopus 로고
    • A direct realistic perspective on cross-language speech perception
    • W. Strange (Ed.) . Timonium, MD: York Press
    • Best, C. (1995). A direct realistic perspective on cross-language speech perception. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research (pp. 171-206). Timonium, MD: York Press.
    • (1995) Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-language Research , pp. 171-206
    • Best, C.1
  • 5
    • 0000270613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptual assimilation of non-native vowel contrasts to the American English vowel system
    • Best, C., Faber, A., & Levitt, A. (1996). Perceptual assimilation of non-native vowel contrasts to the American English vowel system. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99, 2602
    • (1996) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.99 , pp. 2602
    • Best, C.1    Faber, A.2    Levitt, A.3
  • 6
    • 0035122093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination of non-native consonant contrasts varying in perceptual assimilation to the listener s native phonological system
    • Best, C., McRoberts, G., & Goodell, E. (2001). Discrimination of non-native consonant contrasts varying in perceptual assimilation to the listener s native phonological system. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 109, 775-794.
    • (2001) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.109 , pp. 775-794
    • Best, C.1    McRoberts, G.2    Goodell, E.3
  • 7
    • 0001108427 scopus 로고
    • The production of new and similar vowels by adult German learners of English
    • Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. (1992). The production of new and similar vowels by adult German learners of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 131-158.
    • (1992) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.14 , pp. 131-158
    • Bohn, O.-S.1    Flege, J.2
  • 9
    • 0032846139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of spoken words by native and non-native listeners: Talker-, listener-, and item-related factors
    • Bradlow, A., & Pisoni, D. (1999). Recognition of spoken words by native and non-native listeners: Talker-, listener-, and item-related factors. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 2074-2085.
    • (1999) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.106 , pp. 2074-2085
    • Bradlow, A.1    Pisoni, D.2
  • 11
    • 84985456647 scopus 로고
    • Perception of fluent speech by children and adults
    • Cole, R. (1981). Perception of fluent speech by children and adults. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 379, 92-109.
    • (1981) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , vol.379 , pp. 92-109
    • Cole, R.1
  • 12
    • 0028432668 scopus 로고
    • Use of vocalic cues to consonant voicing and native language background : the influence of experimental design
    • Crowther, C., & Mann, V. (1994). Use of vocalic cues to consonant voicing and native language background : The influence of experimental design. Perception & Psychophysics, 55, 513-525.
    • (1994) Perception & Psychophysics , vol.55 , pp. 513-525
    • Crowther, C.1    Mann, V.2
  • 14
    • 0021491665 scopus 로고
    • The detection of French accent by American listeners
    • Flege, J. (1984). The detection of French accent by American listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 76, 692-707.
    • (1984) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.76 , pp. 692-707
    • Flege, J.1
  • 15
    • 84936526496 scopus 로고
    • The production of new" and "similar" phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification
    • Flege, J. (1987). The production of "new" and "similar" phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 47-65.
    • (1987) Journal of Phonetics , vol.15 , pp. 47-65
    • Flege, J.1
  • 16
    • 0002419232 scopus 로고
    • The production and perception of speech sounds in a foreign languages
    • H. Winitz (Ed.) . Norwood, NJ Ablex
    • Flege, J. (1988). The production and perception of speech sounds in a foreign languages. In H. Winitz (Ed.), Human communication and its disorders: A review (pp. 224-401). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    • (1988) Human Communication and Its Disorders: A Review , pp. 224-401
    • Flege, J.1
  • 17
    • 0026200558 scopus 로고
    • Orthographic evidence for the perceptual identification of vowels in Spanish and English
    • Flege, J. (1991). Orthographic evidence for the perceptual identification of vowels in Spanish and English. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43, 701-731.
    • (1991) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 701-731
    • Flege, J.1
  • 18
    • 0002667367 scopus 로고
    • Speech learning in a second language
    • C. Ferguson, L. Menn, & C. Stoel-Gammon (Eds.) . Timonium MD: York Press
    • Flege, J. (1992a). Speech learning in a second language. In C. Ferguson, L. Menn, & C. Stoel-Gammon (Eds.), Phonological development: Models, research, and application (pp. 565-604). Timonium, MD: York Press.
    • (1992) Phonological Development: Models, Research, and Application , pp. 565-604
    • Flege, J.1
  • 19
    • 0010817301 scopus 로고
    • The Intelligibility of English vowels spoken by British and Dutch talkers
    • R. Kent (Ed.) ). Amsterdam: Benjamins
    • Flege, J. (1992b). The Intelligibility of English vowels spoken by British and Dutch talkers. In R. Kent (Ed.), Intelligibility in speech disorders: Theory, measurement, and management (pp. 157-232). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
    • (1992) Intelligibility in Speech Disorders: Theory, Measurement, and Management , pp. 157-232
    • Flege, J.1
  • 20
    • 0002695096 scopus 로고
    • Second-language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems
    • W. Strange (Ed.) . Timonium , MD: York Press
    • Flege, J. (1995). Second-language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research (pp. 229-273). Timonium , MD: York Press.
    • (1995) Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-language Research , pp. 229-273
    • Flege, J.1
  • 21
    • 0038472347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of subject and phonetic variables in L2 speech acquisition
    • M. Gruber D. Higgins, K. Olsen, & T. Wysocki (Eds.) . The panels (pp.). Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society
    • Flege, J. (1998). The role of subject and phonetic variables in L2 speech acquisition. In M. Gruber, D. Higgins, K. Olsen, & T. Wysocki (Eds.), Papers from the 34th annual meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society: Vol. 2. The panels (pp. 213-232). Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
    • (1998) Papers from the 34th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society , vol.2 , pp. 213-232
    • Flege, J.1
  • 23
    • 0038133292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the native and second-language phonetic systems
    • P. Burmeister , T. Piske, & A. Rohde (Eds.) . Trier, Germany: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier
    • Flege, J. (2002). Interactions between the native and second-language phonetic systems. In P. Burmeister , T. Piske, & A. Rohde (Eds.), An integrated view of language development: Papers in honor of Henning Wode (pp. 217-244). Trier, Germany: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier.
    • (2002) An Integrated View of Language Development: Papers in Honor of Henning Wode , pp. 217-244
    • Flege, J.1
  • 24
    • 85065933055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing constraints on second-language segmental production and perception
    • A. Meyer & N. Schiller (Eds.) . Berlin Mouton de Gruyter
    • Flege, J. (2003a). Assessing constraints on second-language segmental production and perception. In A. Meyer & N. Schiller (Eds.), Phonetics and phonology in language comprehension and production: Differences and similarities (pp. 319-355). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
    • (2003) Phonetics and Phonology in Language Comprehension and Production: Differences and Similarities , pp. 319-355
    • Flege, J.1
  • 25
    • 6344228825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods for assessing the perception of vowels in a second language
    • E. Fava & A. Mioni (Eds.) Padua, Italy: UniPress
    • Flege, J. (2003b). Methods for assessing the perception of vowels in a second language. In E. Fava & A. Mioni (Eds.), Issues in clinical linguistics (pp. 19-44). Padua, Italy: UniPress.
    • (2003) Issues in Clinical Linguistics , pp. 19-44
    • Flege, J.1
  • 26
    • 0001372107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of experience on non-native subjects production and perception of English vowels
    • Flege, J., Bohn, O.-S., & Jang, S. (1997). The effect of experience on non-native subjects production and perception of English vowels. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 437-470.
    • (1997) Journal of Phonetics , vol.25 , pp. 437-470
    • Flege, J.1    Bohn, O.-S.2    Jang, S.3
  • 27
    • 0031116370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amount of native-language (L1) use affects the pronunciation of an L2
    • Flege, J., Frieda, A., & Nozawa, T. (1997). Amount of native-language (L1) use affects the pronunciation of an L2. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 169-186.
    • (1997) Journal of Phonetics , vol.25 , pp. 169-186
    • Flege, J.1    Frieda, A.2    Nozawa, T.3
  • 29
    • 84975988207 scopus 로고
    • Mimicry of non-distinctive phonetic differences between language varieties
    • Flege, J., & Hammond, R. (1982). Mimicry of non-distinctive phonetic differences between language varieties. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 5, 1-18.
    • (1982) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.5 , pp. 1-18
    • Flege, J.1    Hammond, R.2
  • 31
    • 0010165001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of experience on adults acquisition of a second language
    • Flege, J., & Liu, S. (2001). The effect of experience on adults acquisition of a second language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23, 527-552.
    • (2001) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.23 , pp. 527-552
    • Flege, J.1    Liu, S.2
  • 34
    • 0028361283 scopus 로고
    • Auditory and categorical effects on cross-language vowel perception
    • Flege, J., Munro, M., & Fox, R. (1994). Auditory and categorical effects on cross-language vowel perception . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 3623-3641.
    • (1994) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.95 , pp. 3623-3641
    • Flege, J.1    Munro, M.2    Fox, R.3
  • 35
    • 0038188722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between the native and second language phonetic subsystems
    • Flege, J., Schirru, C., & MacKay, I. (2003). Interaction between the native and second language phonetic subsystems. Speech Communication, 40, 467-491.
    • (2003) Speech Communication , vol.40 , pp. 467-491
    • Flege, J.1    Schirru, C.2    Mackay, I.3
  • 38
    • 84936526904 scopus 로고
    • Effects of consonant context on the perception of French vowels
    • Gottfried, T. (1984). Effects of consonant context on the perception of French vowels. Journal of Phonetics , 12, 91-114.
    • (1984) Journal of Phonetics , vol.12 , pp. 91-114
    • Gottfried, T.1
  • 39
    • 84927455021 scopus 로고
    • Shifts to English as usual language by Americans of Spanish mother tongue
    • Grenier, G. (1984). Shifts to English as usual language by Americans of Spanish mother tongue. Social Science Quarterly, 65, 537-550.
    • (1984) Social Science Quarterly , vol.65 , pp. 537-550
    • Grenier, G.1
  • 41
    • 0034075987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of current models of second language speech perception: The case of Japanese adults perception of English consonants
    • Guion, S., Flege, J., Akahane-Yamada, R., & Pruitt, J. (2000). An investigation of current models of second language speech perception: The case of Japanese adults perception of English consonants . Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 107, 2711-2725.
    • (2000) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.107 , pp. 2711-2725
    • Guion, S.1    Flege, J.2    Akahane-Yamada, R.3    Pruitt, J.4
  • 43
    • 0031190384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-language vowel perception and production by Japanese and Korean learners of English
    • Ingram, J., & Park, S.-G. (1997). Cross-language vowel perception and production by Japanese and Korean learners of English. Journal of Phonetics, 25, 343-370.
    • (1997) Journal of Phonetics , vol.25 , pp. 343-370
    • Ingram, J.1    Park, S.-G.2
  • 44
    • 0037294626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A perceptual interference account of acquisition difficulties for non-native phonemes
    • Iverson, P., Kuhl, P., Yamada, R., Diesch, E., Tohkura, Y., Ketterman, A., & Siebert, C. (2003). A perceptual interference account of acquisition difficulties for non-native phonemes. Cognition, 87, B47-B57.
    • (2003) Cognition , vol.87 , pp. B47-B57
    • Iverson, P.1    Kuhl, P.2    Yamada, R.3    Diesch, E.4    Tohkura, Y.5    Ketterman, A.6    Siebert, C.7
  • 45
    • 0034133697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children s phoneme identification in reverberation and noise
    • Johnson, C. (2000). Children s phoneme identification in reverberation and noise. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43, 129-143.
    • (2000) Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , vol.43 , pp. 129-143
    • Johnson, C.1
  • 46
    • 0039014603 scopus 로고
    • Interference for new" and "similar vowels in Korean speakers of English
    • Jun, S.-A., & Cowie, I. (1994) Interference for "new" and "similar" vowels in Korean speakers of English, Ohio State University Working Papers, 43, 117-130.
    • (1994) Ohio State University Working Papers , vol.43 , pp. 117-130
    • Jun, S.-A.1    Cowie, I.2
  • 47
    • 0003107069 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual constancy for speech sound categories in early infancy
    • G. Yeni-Komshian, J. Kavanagh, & C. Ferguson (Eds.) . Perception (pp.). San Diego, CA Academic Press
    • Kuhl, P. (1980). Perceptual constancy for speech sound categories in early infancy. In G. Yeni-Komshian, J. Kavanagh, & C. Ferguson (Eds.), Child phonology: Vol. 2. Perception (pp. 41-66). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1980) Child Phonology , vol.2 , pp. 41-66
    • Kuhl, P.1
  • 49
    • 0026525165 scopus 로고
    • Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants six months of age
    • Kuhl, P., Williams, K., Lacerda, F., Stevens, K., & Lindblom, B. (1992). Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants six months of age. Science, 255, 606-608.
    • (1992) Science , vol.255 , pp. 606-608
    • Kuhl, P.1    Williams, K.2    Lacerda, F.3    Stevens, K.4    Lindblom, B.5
  • 50
    • 0024713245 scopus 로고
    • Consonant and vowel perception and production: Early English-French and French-English bilinguals
    • Mack, M. (1989). Consonant and vowel perception and production: Early English-French and French-English bilinguals. Perception & Psychophysics, 46, 187-200.
    • (1989) Perception & Psychophysics , vol.46 , pp. 187-200
    • Mack, M.1
  • 51
    • 0035222156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The identification of English consonants by native speakers of Italian
    • MacKay, I., Meador, D., & Flege, J. (2001). The identification of English consonants by native speakers of Italian. Phonetica, 58, 103-125.
    • (2001) Phonetica , vol.58 , pp. 103-125
    • Mackay, I.1    Meador, D.2    Flege, J.3
  • 52
    • 84935415986 scopus 로고
    • Phonological similarity, markedness, and rate of L2 acquisition
    • Major, R. (1987). Phonological similarity, markedness, and rate of L2 acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9, 63-82.
    • (1987) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.9 , pp. 63-82
    • Major, R.1
  • 53
    • 0030738798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of second-language acquisition and perception of speech in noise
    • Mayo, L., Florentine, M., & Buus, S. (1997). Age of second-language acquisition and perception of speech in noise. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 40, 686-693.
    • (1997) Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , vol.40 , pp. 686-693
    • Mayo, L.1    Florentine, M.2    Buus, S.3
  • 54
    • 0036545313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of the L1 on the acquisition of Swedish vowel quantity by native speakers of Spanish, English, and Estonian
    • McAllister, R., Flege, J., & Piske, T. (2002). The influence of the L1 on the acquisition of Swedish vowel quantity by native speakers of Spanish, English, and Estonian. Journal of Phonetics, 30, 229-258.
    • (2002) Journal of Phonetics , vol.30 , pp. 229-258
    • McAllister, R.1    Flege, J.2    Piske, T.3
  • 55
    • 0036594317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Success and failure in teaching the r#-l# contrast to Japanese adults: Predictions of a Hebbian model of plasticity and stabilization in spoken language perception
    • McCandliss, B., Fiez, J., Protopapas, A., Conway, M., & McClelland, J. (2002). Success and failure in teaching the r#-l# contrast to Japanese adults: Predictions of a Hebbian model of plasticity and stabilization in spoken language perception. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience , 2, 89-108.
    • (2002) Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience , vol.2 , pp. 89-108
    • McCandliss, B.1    Fiez, J.2    Protopapas, A.3    Conway, M.4    McClelland, J.5
  • 56
    • 0032884426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding failures of learning: Hebbian learning, competition for representational space, and some preliminary experimental data
    • J. Reggia, E. Ruppin, & D. Glanzman (Eds.) . Disorders of brain, behavior, and cognition-The neurocomputational perspective (pp.). Amsterdam Elsevier
    • McClelland, J., Thomas, A., McCandliss, B., & Fiez, J. (1999). Understanding failures of learning: Hebbian learning, competition for representational space, and some preliminary experimental data. In J. Reggia, E. Ruppin, & D. Glanzman (Eds.), Progress in brain research: Vol. 121. Disorders of brain, behavior, and cognition-The neurocomputational perspective (pp. 75-80). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    • (1999) Progress in Brain Research , vol.121 , pp. 75-80
    • McClelland, J.1    Thomas, A.2    McCandliss, B.3    Fiez, J.4
  • 57
  • 59
    • 0039050338 scopus 로고
    • Productions of English vowels by native speakers of Arabic: Acoustic measurements and accentedness ratings
    • Munro, M. (1993). Productions of English vowels by native speakers of Arabic: Acoustic measurements and accentedness ratings. Language and Speech, 36, 39-66.
    • (1993) Language and Speech , vol.36 , pp. 39-66
    • Munro, M.1
  • 60
    • 84970305226 scopus 로고
    • Processing time, accent, and comprehensibility in the perception of native and foreign-Accented speech
    • Munro, M., & Derwing, T. (1995). Processing time, accent, and comprehensibility in the perception of native and foreign-Accented speech. Language and Speech, 38, 289-306.
    • (1995) Language and Speech , vol.38 , pp. 289-306
    • Munro, M.1    Derwing, T.2
  • 61
    • 0040304771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of age of second-language learning on the production of English vowels
    • Munro, M., Flege, J., & MacKay, I. (1996). The effect of age of second-language learning on the production of English vowels. Applied Psycholinguistics, 17, 313-334.
    • (1996) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.17 , pp. 313-334
    • Munro, M.1    Flege, J.2    Mackay, I.3
  • 62
    • 0031217502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A limit on behavioral plasticity in speech perception
    • Pallier, C., Bosch, L., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (1997). A limit on behavioral plasticity in speech perception . Cognition, 64, B9-B17.
    • (1997) Cognition , vol.64 , pp. B9-B17
    • Pallier, C.1    Bosch, L.2    Sebastián-Gallés, N.3
  • 63
    • 0035513084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of native-language phonology on lexical access: Exemplar-based versus abstract lexical entries
    • Pallier, C., Colomé, A., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2001). The influence of native-language phonology on lexical access: Exemplar-based versus abstract lexical entries. Psychological Science, 12, 445-449.
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 445-449
    • Pallier, C.1    Colomé, A.2    Sebastián-Gallés, N.3
  • 64
    • 0003068547 scopus 로고
    • Age and accent in a second language: A reply to James Emil Flege
    • Patkowski, M. (1989). Age and accent in a second language: A reply to James Emil Flege. Applied Linguistics, 11, 73-89.
    • (1989) Applied Linguistics , vol.11 , pp. 73-89
    • Patkowski, M.1
  • 65
    • 0036366953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The production of English vowels by fluent early and late bilinguals
    • Piske, T., Flege, J., MacKay, I., & Meador, D. (2002). The production of English vowels by fluent early and late bilinguals. Phonetica, 59, 49-71.
    • (2002) Phonetica , vol.59 , pp. 49-71
    • Piske, T.1    Flege, J.2    Mackay, I.3    Meador, D.4
  • 66
    • 0012880498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting degree of foreign accent in an L2: A review
    • Piske, T., MacKay, I., & Flege, J. (2001). Factors affecting degree of foreign accent in an L2: A review. Journal of Phonetics, 29, 191-215.
    • (2001) Journal of Phonetics , vol.29 , pp. 191-215
    • Piske, T.1    Mackay, I.2    Flege, J.3
  • 67
    • 0028812430 scopus 로고
    • Linguistic influences in adult perception of non-native vowel contrasts
    • Polka, L. (1995). Linguistic influences in adult perception of non-native vowel contrasts. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97, 1286-1296.
    • (1995) Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol.97 , pp. 1286-1296
    • Polka, L.1
  • 68
    • 0002325038 scopus 로고
    • Perception and production of second-language speech sounds by adults
    • W. Strange (Ed.) (pp.). Timonium, MD: York Press
    • Rochet, B. (1995). Perception and production of second-language speech sounds by adults. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language speech research (pp. 379-410). Timonium, MD: York Press.
    • (1995) Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-language Speech Research , pp. 379-410
    • Rochet, B.1
  • 69
    • 0032902339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of speaker accent and target predictability on perception of mispronunciation
    • Schmid, P., & Yeni-Komshian, G. (1999). The effects of speaker accent and target predictability on perception of mispronunciation. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 56-64.
    • (1999) Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , vol.42 , pp. 56-64
    • Schmid, P.1    Yeni-Komshian, G.2
  • 71
    • 84937325156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical review of critical period research
    • Scovel, T. (2000). A critical review of critical period research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 20, 213-223.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Applied Linguistics , vol.20 , pp. 213-223
    • Scovel, T.1
  • 72
    • 0345426365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line processing of native and non-native phonemic contrasts in early bilinguals
    • Sebastián-Gallés, N., & Soto-Faraco, S. (1999). On-line processing of native and non-native phonemic contrasts in early bilinguals. Cognition, 72, 111-123.
    • (1999) Cognition , vol.72 , pp. 111-123
    • Sebastián-Gallés, N.1    Soto-Faraco, S.2
  • 74
    • 0002629243 scopus 로고
    • Relevance of the notion of a critical period to language acquisition
    • M. Bornstein (Ed.) ). Mahwah, NJ Erlbaum
    • Snow, C. (1987). Relevance of the notion of a critical period to language acquisition. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Sensitive periods in development: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 183-209). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1987) Sensitive Periods in Development: Interdisciplinary Perspectives , pp. 183-209
    • Snow, C.1
  • 75
    • 0033475310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at immigration and second language proficiency among foreign-born adults
    • Stevens, G. (1999). Age at immigration and second language proficiency among foreign-born adults. Language in Society, 28, 555-578.
    • (1999) Language in Society , vol.28 , pp. 555-578
    • Stevens, G.1
  • 76
    • 0042630870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lexical status on children s and adults perception of native and non-native vowels
    • Walley, A., & Flege, J. (2000). Effects of lexical status on children s and adults perception of native and non-native vowels. Journal of Phonetics, 27, 307-332.
    • (2000) Journal of Phonetics , vol.27 , pp. 307-332
    • Walley, A.1    Flege, J.2
  • 77
    • 0001334998 scopus 로고
    • Age and acquisition of second language speech sounds: Perception of American English 0ò0 and 0l0 by native speakers of Japanese
    • W. Strange (Ed.) . Timonium, MD: York Press
    • Yamada, R. (1995). Age and acquisition of second language speech sounds: Perception of American English 0ò0 and 0l0 by native speakers of Japanese. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research (pp. 305-320). Timonium, MD: York Press.
    • (1995) Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Issues in Cross-language Research , pp. 305-320
    • Yamada, R.1
  • 78
    • 84937325251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pronunciation proficiency in the first and second languages of Korean-English bilinguals
    • Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Flege, J., & Liu, S. (2000). Pronunciation proficiency in the first and second languages of Korean-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 3, 131-150.
    • (2000) Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , vol.3 , pp. 131-150
    • Yeni-Komshian, G.H.1    Flege, J.2    Liu, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.