Potential of Spirulina Platensis as a Nutritional Supplement in Malnourished HIV-Infected Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Randomised, Single-Blind Study

Nutrition and Metabolic Insights

Volumn 4, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Azabji Kenfack, M ^a   Dikosso, S Edie ^a   Loni, E G ^a   Onana, E A ^a   Sobngwi, E ^b   Gbaguidi, E ^c   Kana, A L Ngougni ^a   Nguefack Tsague, G ^a   Von der Weid, D ^d   Njoya, O ^a   Ngogang, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDÉ I   (Cameroon)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^c Organisation de Coordination pour la Lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale Cameroon   (Cameroon)

^d Antenna Technology   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

anthropometric measurements; body composition; CD4 cells count; HIV infected persons; malnutrition; nutritional rehabilitation; spirulina; viral load

Indexed keywords

EID: 85133341969     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11786388     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4137/NMI.S5862     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. World Health Organization, Progress on Global Access to HIV Antiretroviral Therapy- A Report on “3 by 5” and Beyond. March 2006, WHO: Geneva. (Accessible at www.who.int/hiv/fullreport_en_highres.pdf). 2006.
2. Kotler D.P. Nutritional alterations associated with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000; 25 Suppl 1: S81–7.
3. Mason J.B., Bailes A., Mason K.E. et al. AIDS, drought, and child malnutrition in southern Africa. Public Health Nutr. 2005; 8(6): 551–63.
4. Schwenk A., Buger B., Wessel D. et al. Clinical risk factors for malnutrition in HIV-1-infected patients. Aids. 1993; 7(9): 1213–9.
5. Suttmann U., Ockenga J., Selberg O., Hoogestraat L., Deicher H., Muller M.J. Incidence and prognostic value of malnutrition and wasting in human immunodeficiency virus-infected outpatients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1995; 8(3): 239–46.
6. Niyongabo T., Henzel D., Ndayishimyie J.M. et al. Nutritional status of adult inpatients in Bujumbura, Burundi (impact of HIV infection). Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999; 53(7): 579–82.
7. Tabi M., Vogel R.L. Nutritional counselling: an intervention for HIV-positive patients. J Adv Nurs. 2006; 54(6): 676–82.
8. Miyoshi T., Yamakawa T., Ohishi N., Hirosawa K., Itoh S., Katoh K. An experimental study on cellular immunity and protein-calorie malnutrition. Int Surg. 1984; 69(1): 75–80.
9. Olson L.C., Sisk D.R., Izsak E. Protein-calorie malnutrition impairs the anti-viral function of macrophages. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1978; 159(1): 84–7.
10. Redmond H.P., Leon P., Lieberman M.D. et al. Impaired macrophage function in severe protein-energy malnutrition. Arch Surg, 1991; 126(2): 192–6.
11. Redmond H.P., Shou J., Kelly C.J. et al. Immunosuppressive mechanisms in protein-calorie malnutrition. Surgery. 1991; 110(2): 311–7.
12. Cunningham-Rundles S., McNeeley D.F., Moon A. Mechanisms of nutrient modulation of the immune response. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005; 115(6): 1119–28; quiz 1129.
13. Woodward B. Protein, calories, and immune defenses. Nutr Rev. 1998; 56(1 Pt 2): S84–92.
14. Scrimshaw N.S., SanGiovanni J.P. Synergism of nutrition, infection, and immunity: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 66(2): 464S–77S.
15. Hadigan C., Meigs J.B., Corcoran C. et al. Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy. Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 32(1): 130–9.
16. Kosmiski L.A., Kuritzkes D.R., Lichtenstein K.A. et al. Fat distribution and metabolic changes are strongly correlated and energy expenditure is increased in the HIV lipodystrophy syndrome. Aids. 2001; 15(15): 1993–2000.
17. Murata H., Hruz P.W., Mueckler M. The mechanism of insulin resistance caused by HIV protease inhibitor therapy. J Biol Chem. 2000; 275(27): 20251–4.
18. Noor M.A., Seneviratne T., Aweeka F.T. et al. Indinavir acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Aids. 2002; 16(5): F1–8.
19. OMS. Document conceptuel de la Consultation régionale sur la nutrition et le VIH/sida dans les pays d'Afrique francophone. Eléments factuels, enseignements tirés et mesures préconisées. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Consultable sur http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/nut_hiv_consultation_franco_conceptpaper_french.pdf. 2008.
20. Amha B., Yoshimichi O., Kazuyuki M., Hidenori S. Current knowledge on potential health benefits of spirulina. J Appl Phycol. 1993; 5(2): 235–41.
21. Gatugel A., Laura B., Mario R.T. Harvest of Arthrospira platensis from Lake Kossorom (Chad) and its household usage among the Kanembu. J Appl Phycol. 2000; 12(3): 493–8.
22. Dia A.T., Camara M.D., Ndiaye P. et al. Contribution of supplementation by spirulina to the performance of school children in an introductory course in Dakar (Senegal). Sante Pub. 2009; 21(3): 297–302.
23. Simpore J., Zongo F., Kabore F. et al. Nutrition rehabilitation of HIV-infected and HIV-negative undernourished children utilizing spirulina. Ann Nutr Metab. 2005; 49(6): 373–80.
24. Kulshreshtha A., Zacharia A.J., Jarouliya U., Bhadauriya P., Prasad G.B., Bisen P.S. Spirulina in health care management. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2008; 9(5): 400–5.
25. Yamani E., Kaba-Mebri J., Mouala C., Gresenguet G., Rey J.L. Use of spirulina supplement for nutritional management of HIV-infected patients: study in Bangui, Central African Republic. Med Trop (Mars). 2009; 69(1): 66–70.
26. Chamorro G.A., Herrera G., Salazar M., Salazar S., Ulloa V. Short-term toxicity study of spirulina in F3b generation rats. J Toxicol Clin Exp. 1988; 8(3): 163–7.
27. Chamorro G.A., Herrera G., Salazar M., Salazar S., Ulloa V. Subchronic toxicity study in rats fed spirulina. J Pharm Belg. 1988; 43(1): 29–36.
28. Salazar M., Martinez E., Madrigal E., Ruiz L.E., Chamorro G.A. Subchronic toxicity study in mice fed spirulina maxima. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 62(3): 235–41.
29. Nielsen C.H., Balachandran P., Christensen O. et al. Enhancement of Natural Killer Cell Activity in Healthy Subjects by Immulina(R), a spirulina Extract Enriched for Braun-Type Lipoproteins. Planta Med. 2010. (Epub ahead of print).
30. Bourgeois A., Laurent C., Mougnutou R. et al. Field assessment of generic antiretroviral drugs: a prospective cohort study in Cameroon. Antivir Ther. 2005; 10(2): 335–41.
31. Chumlea W.C., Guo S.S., Kuczmarski R.J. et al. Body composition estimates from NHANES III bioelectrical impedance data. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002; 26(12): 1596–609.
32. Coyne-Meyers K., Trombley L.E. A review of nutrition in human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Nutr Clin Pract. 2004; 19(4): 340–55.
33. Diop S., Fall-gassama A., Diop B., Sow P. Evaluation de la prise quotidienne de poudre de spiruline sur le statut nutritionnel et immunitaire des personnes vivant avec le VIH à Dakar (Etude cas témoin à propos de 61 patients). Abstract n°136/PEB01 presented at the 15th International Conference on AIDS and Sexually transmitted diseases, Dakar, Senegal, December 2008. Available on www.icasadakar2008.org/. 2008.
34. De Arruda Oliveira E., Gomes Cheim L.M., Veloso R.V. et al. Nutritional recovery with a soybean flour diet improves the insulin response to a glucose load without modifying glucose homeostasis. Nutrition. 2008; 24(1): 76–83.
35. Abiodun P.O. Use of soya-beans for the dietary prevention and management of malnutrition in Nigeria. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1991; 374: 175–82.
36. Golden B.E., Golden M.H. Plasma zinc, rate of weight gain, and the energy cost of tissue deposition in children recovering from severe malnutrition on a cow's milk or soya protein based diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981; 34(5): 892–9.
37. Doudou Halidou M. Impact d'une supplémentation en spiruline chez des enfants malnutris sévères dans le cadre de la réhabilitation nutritionnelle. Essai clinique randomisé en double aveugle. Ecole de santé publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles: Bruxelles 2008, (Available on http://theses.ulb.ac.be/ETD-db/collection/available/ULBetd-11072008-140732/).
38. Graham S.M., Baeten J.M., Richardson B.A. et al. A decrease in albumin in early HIV type 1 infection predicts subsequent disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2007; 23(10): 1197–2000.
39. Mehta S.H., Astemborski J., Sterling T.R., Thomas D.L., Vlahov D. Serum albumin as a prognostic indicator for HIV disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006; 22(1): 14–21.
40. Shah S., Smith C.J., Lampe F. et al. Haemoglobin and albumin as markers of HIV disease progression in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: relationships with gender. HIV Med. 2007; 8(1): 38–45.
41. Ayehunie S., Belay A., Baba T.W., Ruprecht R.M. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by an aqueous extract of spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998; 18(1): 7–12.
42. Hayashi K., Hayashi T., Kojima I. A natural sulfated polysaccharide, calcium spirulan, isolated from spirulina platensis: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of anti-herpes simplex virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1996; 12(15): 1463–71.