Teratology of alcohol: Implications for school settings

Handbook of Pediatric Psychology in School Settings

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 379-404

  Kable, Julie A ^a   Coles, Claire D ^b  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85118607271     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (166)

1. Abel, E. L. (1995). An update on incidence in fetal alcohol syndrome: FAS is not an equal opportunity birth defect. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 17, 427-443.
2. Abel, E. L. (1998). Fetal alcohol abuse syndrome. New York: Plenum.
3. Aronson, M., & Hagberg, B. (1998). Neuropsychological disorders in children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy: A follow-up study of 24 children to alcoholic mothers in Goteborg, Sweden. Alcoholism: Clinical Experimental Research, 22, 321-324.
4. Aronson, M., Kyllerman, M., Sabel, K. G., Sandin, B., & Olegard, R. (1985). Children of alcoholic mothers. Developmental, perceptual and behavioural characteristics as compared to matched controls. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 74(1), 27-35.
5. Ashcraft, M. H. (1995). Cognitive psychology and simple arithmetic: A review and summary of new directions. Mathematical Cognitive, 1, 3-34.
6. Ashcraft, M. H., Kirk, E. P., & Hopko, D. (1998). On the cognitive consequences of mathematics anxiety. In C. Donlan (Ed.), The development of mathematical skills (pp. 175-196). East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis.
7. Astley, S. J., & Clarren, S. K. (1996). Diagnostic guide for fetal alcohol syndrome and related conditions: FAS diagnostic and prevention network. Seattle: University of Washington.
8. Astley, S. J., & Clarren, S. K. (2001). Measuring the facial phenotype of individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure: correlations with brain dysfunction. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 36(2), 147-159.
9. Autti-Ramo, I. A. (2000). Twelve-year follow-up of children exposed to alcohol in utero. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 42, 406-411.
10. Barnwell, C., & Morse, B. A. (1999). Fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol effects: Resources for maternal and child health programs. Boston, MA: Fetal Alcohol Education Program.
11. Barr, H. M., Streissguth, A. P., Darby, B. L., & Sampson, P. D. (1990). Prenatal exposure to alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and aspirin: Effects on fine and gross motor performance in 4-year-old children. Developmental Psychology, 26, 339-348.
12. Beery, K. E. (1997). Developmental test of visual-motor integration (4th ed.). Parsippany, NJ: Modern Curriculum Press.
13. Bingol, N., Schuster, C., Fuchs, M., Iosub, S., Turner, G., Stone, R. K., & Gromisch, D. S. (1987). The influence of socioeconomic factors on occurrence of fetal alcohol syndrome. Advances in Alcoholism and Substance Abuse: Special Issue: Children of Alcoholics, 6, 105-118.
14. Borkowski, J. G., & Burke, J. E. (1996). Theories, models and measurements of executive functioning: An information processing perspective. In G. R. Lyon & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.), Attention, memory, and executive function (pp. 235-263). Baltimore: Paul Brookes Publishing Co.
15. Boyd, T. A., Ernhart, C. B., Greene, T. H., Sokol, R. J., & Martier, S. (1991). Prenatal alcohol exposure and sustained attention in the preschool years. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 13, 49-55.
16. Bray, D. L., & Anderson, P. D. (1989). Appraisal of the epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome among Canadian native people. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 80, 42-45.
17. Briesmeister, J. M., & Schaefer, C. E. (Eds.). (1998). Handbook of parent training: Parents as co-therapists for children's behavior problems (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
18. Brown, R. T., Coles, C. D., Smith, I. E., Platzman, K. A., Silverstein, J., Erickson, S., & Falek, A. (1991). Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure at school age: II. Attention and behavior. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 13(4), 369-376.
19. Carmichael-Olson, H., Feldman, J. J., Streissguth, A. P., Sampson, P. D., & Bookstein, F. L. (1998). Neuropsychological deficits in adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome: Clinical findings. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22, 1998-2012.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1993). Fetal alcohol syndrome-United States, 1979-1991. MMWR, 173, 575.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Intervening with children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure. Proceedings of a Special Focus Session Interagency Coordinating Committee on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, September 10-11, Chevy Chase, MD.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002). Currently funded projects. In National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/funding.htm.
23. Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1973). Problems in the measurement of cognitive deficit. Psychological Bulletin, 79(6), 380-385.
24. Church, M. W. (1987). Chronic in utero alcohol: Exposure affects auditory function in rats and in humans. Alcohol, 4, 231-239.
25. Church, M. W. (1996). The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on hearing and vestibular function. In E. L. Abel (Ed.), Fetal alcohol syndrome: From mechanism to prevention (pp. 85-111). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
26. Clarren, S. K. (1986). Neuropathology in fetal alcohol syndrome. In J. R. West (Ed.), Alcohol and brain development (pp. 158-166). New York: Oxford University Press.
27. Clarren, S. K., & Smith, D. W. (1978). The fetal alcohol syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 298, 1063-1067.
28. Coles, C. D. (1993). Impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the newborn and the child. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 36(2), 255-266.
29. Coles, C. D. (2000). Prenatal alcohol exposure and attention. Paper presented at the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Study Group at the 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, Denver, CO.
30. Coles, C. D., Brown, R. T., Smith, I. E., Platzman, K. A., Erickson, S., & Falek, A. (1991). Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure at school age: I. Physical and cognitive development. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 13(4), 357-367.
31. Coles, C. D., & Kable, J. A. (2002). [Socio-cognitive habilitation]. Unpublished manuscript.
32. Coles, C. D., Kable, J. A., Drews-Botsch, C., & Falek, A. (2000). Early identification of risk for effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(4), 607-616.
33. Coles, C. D., & Platzman, K. A. (1992). Fetal alcohol effects in preschool children: Research, prevention, and intervention. Identifying the Needs of Drug-Affected Children: Public Policy Issues, OSAP Prevention Monograph #11, 59-86.
34. Coles, C. D., & Platzman, K. A. (1993). Behavioral development in children prenatally exposed to drugs and alcohol. International Journal of the Addictions, 28(13), 1393-1433.
35. Coles, C. D., Platzman, K. A., Lynch, M. A., & Freides, D. (2002). Auditory and visual sustained attention in adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol. Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 26(2), 263-271.
36. Coles, C. D., Platzman, K. A., Raskind-Hood, C. L., Brown, R. T., Falek, A., & Smith, I. E. (1997). A comparison of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure and attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 21(1), 150-161.
37. Coles, C. D., Smith, I. E., Fernhoff, P. M., & Falek, A. (1985). Neonatal neurobehavioral characteristics as correlates of maternal alcohol use during gestation. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 9(5), 1-7.
38. Conn-Blowers, E. A. (1991). Nurturing and educating children prenatally exposed to alcohol: The role of the counsellor. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 14(2), 91-103.
39. Connor, P. D., Sampson, P. D., Bookstein, F. L., Barr, H. M., & Streissguth, A. P. (2000). Direct and indirect effects of prenatal alcohol damage on executive function. Developmental Neuropsychology, 18(3), 331-354.
40. Connor, P. D., Streissguth, A. P., Sampson, P. D., Bookstein, F. L., & Barr, H. M. (1999). Individual differences in auditory and visual attention among fetal alcohol-affected adults. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 23(8), 1395-1402.
41. Conry, J. (1990). Neuropsychological deficits in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 14(5), 650-655.
42. Coull, J. T. (1998). Neural correlates of attention and arousal: Insights from electrophysiology, functional neuroimaging and psychopharmacology. Progress in Neurobiology, 55, 343-361.
43. Crepin, G., Dehaene, P., & Samaille, C. (1989). Aspects cliniques, evolutifs epidemiologiques de l'alcoolisme foetal: Un fleau tourjours d'actualite. Bulletin de L'Academe National du Medcine, 173, 575-582.
44. Day, N. L., & Richardson, G. A. (1994). Comparative teratogenicity of alcohol and other drugs. Alcohol Health and Research World, 18(1), 42-48.
45. Day, N. L., & Robles, N. (1989). Methodological issues in the measurement of substance use. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 562, 8-13.
46. Dehaene, S. (1997). The number sense: How the mind creates mathematics (pp. 207-228). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
47. Dehaene, P., Crepin, G., Delahousse, G., Querleu, D., Walbaum, R., Titran, M., & Samaille-Villette, C. (1981). Aspects epidemiologique du syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal: 45 observations en 3 ans. La Nouvelle Press Medicale, 10, 2639.
48. Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1987). California verbal learning test. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.
49. DeVries, J. (1999, Fall). Early intervention, part II. F.A.S. Times: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Family Resource Institute Newsletter, 1-2.
50. Dreosti, I. E., & Joschko, M. A. (1995). Diet- and drug-related factors and the expression of the fetal alcohol syndrome. Developmental Brain Dysfunction, 8(2-3), 1033-1108.
51. Fernhoff, P. M., Smith, I. E., & Falek, A. (1980). Dysmorphia checklist. Document available through the Maternal Substance Abuse and Child Development Project, Division of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
52. Geary, D. C. (1993). Mathematical disabilities: Cognitive, neuropsychological, and genetic components. Psychological Bulletin, 114(2), 345-362.
53. Geary, D. C. (1994). Children's mathematical development: Research and practical applications. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
54. Ginsburg, H. P., & Baroody, A. J. (1990). Test of early mathematics ability. Austin, TX: PRO-ED, Inc.
55. Giunta, C. T., & Streissguth, A. P. (1988). Patients with fetal alcohol syndrome and their caretakers. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 453-459.
56. Goldschmidt, L., Richardson, G. A., Stoffer, D. S., Geva, D., & Day, N. (1996). Prenatal alcohol exposure and academic achievement at age six: A nonlinear fit. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 20(4), 763-770.
57. Haith, M. M., Hazan, C., & Goodman, G. S. (1988). Expectation and anticipation of dynamic visual events by 3.5-month-old babies. Child Development, 59(2), 467-479.
58. Hanson, J. W., Streissguth, A. P., & Smith, D. W. (1978). The effects of moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy on fetal growth and morphogenesis. Journal of Pediatrics, 92, 457-460.
59. Harris-Collazo, M. R., Kwok, W., Mattson, S. N., Jernigan, S. N., & Riley, E. P. (1998). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of fetal alcohol syndrome. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4(1), 48.
60. Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin card sort testing manual: Revised and expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
61. Hingson, R., Alpert, J. J., Day, N., Dooling, E., Kayne, H., Morelock, S., Oppenheimer, E., & Zuckerman, B. (1982). Effects of maternal drinking and marijuana use on fetal growth and development. Pediatrics, 70(4), 539-546.
62. International classification of diseases 9th revision clinical modification, volumes 1 and 2 (ICD-9-CM) (5th ed.). (1997). Salt Lake City, UI: Medicode Publications, Inc.
63. Jacobson, S. W. (1999). Cognitive processing deficits associated with poor mathematical performance in alcohol-exposed school-aged children. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, Santa Barbara, CA.
64. Jacobson, S. W., Fein, G. G., Jacobson, J. L., Schwartz, P. M., & Dowler, J. K. (1984). Neonatal correlates of prenatal exposure to smoking, caffeine, and alcohol. Infant Mental Health Journal, 7, 253-265.
65. Jacobson, S. W., Jacobson J. L., O'Neill, J. M., Padgett, R. J., Frankowski, J. J., & Bihun, J. T. (1992). Visual expectation and dimensions of infant information processing. Child Development, 63(3), 711-724.
66. Jacobson, S. W., Jacobson, J. L., & Sokol, R. J. (1994). Effects of fetal alcohol exposure on infant reaction time. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 18(5), 1125-1132.
67. Jacobson S. W., Jacobson J. L., Sokol, R. J., Martier, S. S., & Ager, J. W. (1993). Prenatal alcohol exposure and infant information processing ability. Child Development, 64(6), 1706-1721.
68. Jacobson, S. W., Jacobson, J. L., Sokol, R. J., Martier, S. S., Ager, J. W., & Kaplan, M. G. (1991). Maternal recall of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana use during pregnancy. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 13, 535-540.
69. Janzen, L. A., Nanson, J. L., & Block, G. W. (1995). Neuropsychological evaluation of preschoolers with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Neurotoxicology & Teratology, 17(3), 273-279.
70. Johnson, V. P., Swayze, V. W. II, Sato, Y., & Andreasen, N. C. (1996). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Craniofacial and central nervous system manifestations. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 61(4), 329-339.
71. Jones, K. L., & Smith, D. W. (1973). Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet, 2, 989.
72. Jones, K. L., Smith, D. W., Ulleland, C. N., & Streissguth, A. P. (1973). Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers. Lancet, 1, 1267-1271.
73. Kable, J. A., & Coles, C. D. (2000). The impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on attentional regulation during infancy. Poster session presented at Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, Denver, CO.
74. Kable, J. A., Coles, C. D., Drews-Botsch, C., & Falek, A. (1999). The effects of maternal drinking prenatally on patterns of pre-academic mathematical concept development. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, Santa Barbara, CA.
75. Kaemingk, K., & Paquette, A. (1999). Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neuropsychological functioning. Developmental Neuropsychology, 15(1), 111-140.
76. Kerns, K. A., Don, A., Mateer, C. A., & Streissguth, A. P. (1997). Cognitive deficits in nonretarded adults with fetal alcohol syndrome. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 30(6), 685-693.
77. Kodituwakku, P. W., Handmaker, N. S., Cutler, S. K., Weathersby, E. K., & Handmaker, S. D. (1995). Specific impairments in self-regulation in children exposed to alcohol prenatally. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 19(6), 1558-1564.
78. Kodituwakku, P. W., May, P. A., Clericuzio, C. L., & Weers, D. (2001). Emotion-related learning in individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol: An investigation of the relation between set shifting, extinction of responses, and behavior. Neuropsychologia, 39, 699-708.
79. Kopera-Frye, K., Carmichael-Olson, H., & Streissguth, A. P. (1997). Teratogenic effects of alcohol on attention. In J. A. Burack & J. T. Enns (Eds.), Attention, development and psychopathology (pp. 171-204). New York: Guildford.
80. Kopera-Frye, K., Dehaene, S., & Streissguth, A. P. (1996). Impairments of number processing induced by prenatal alcohol exposure. Neuropsychologia, 34(12), 1187-1196.
81. Kuzma, J. W., & Kissinger, D. G. (1981). Patterns of alcohol and cigarette use in pregnancy. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 3, 211-221.
82. Kyllerman, M., Aronson, M., Sabel, K. G., Karlberg, E., Sandin, B., & Olegard, R. (1985). Children of alcoholic mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand, 74, 20-26.
83. Lancaster, F. (1994). Alcohol and white matter development. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 18, 644-647.
84. Landesman-Dwyer, S., & Ragozin, A. S. (1981). Behavioral correlated of prenatal alcohol exposure: A four-year follow-up study. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 3, 187-193.
85. Luster, T., & McAdoo, H. (1996). Family and child influences on educational attainment: A secondary analysis of the high/scope Perry Preschool data. Developmental Psychology, 32(1), 26-39.
86. Lyon, G. R. (1996). The need for conceptual and theoretical clarity in the study of attention, memory, and executive function. In G. R. Lyon & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.), Attention, memory, and executive function (pp. 3-10). Baltimore: Paul Brookes Publishing Co.
87. Mackintosh, N. J. (1975). A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychology Review, 82(4), 276-298.
88. Marcus, J. C. (1987). Neurological findings in the fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropediatrics, 18(3), 158-160.
89. Marintcheva, G., Riley, E. P., Mattson, S. N., Coles, C. D., Konovalova, V., & Matveeva, A. (2001). Neuropsycho-logical test performance in Russian children with FAS compared to controls matched for age, sex, IQ, and living environment. Paper presented at Research Society on Alcoholism, 24th Annual Scientific Meeting, June 27, 2001, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
90. Mattson, S. N., Carlos, R., & Riley, E. P. (1993). The behavioral teratogenicity of alcohol is not affected by pretreatment with aspirin. Alcohol, 10(1), 51-57.
91. Mattson, S. N., Goodman, A. M., Caine, C., Delis, D. C., & Riley, E. P. (1999). Executive functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 23(11), 1808-1815.
92. Mattson, S. N., Jernigan, T. L., & Riley, E. P. (1994). MRI and prenatal alcohol exposure: Images provide insight into FAS. Alcohol Health Research World, 18(1), 49-52.
93. Mattson, S. N., & Riley, E. P. (1996). Brain anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome. In E. L. Abel (Ed.), Fetal alcohol syndrome: From mechanism to prevention (pp. 51-68). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
94. Mattson, S. N., & Riley, E. P. (1998). A review of the neurobehavioral deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 22(2), 279-294.
95. Mattson S. N., & Riley, E. P. (2000). Parent ratings of behavior in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and IQ-matched controls. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 24(2), 226-231.
96. Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Delis, D. C., Stern, C., & Jones, K. L. (1996). Verbal learning and memory in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 20(5), 810-816.
97. Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Gramling, L., Delis, D. C., & Jones, K. L. (1998). Neuropsychological comparison of alcohol-exposed children with or without physical features of fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropsychology, 12(1), 146-153.
98. Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Jernigan, T. L., Ehlers, C. L., Delis, D. C., Jones, K. L., Stern, C., Johnson, K. A., Hesselink, J. R., & Bellugi, U. (1992). Fetal alcohol syndrome: A case report of neuropsychological, MRI and EEG assessment of two children. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 16(5), 1001-1003.
99. Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Jernigan, T. L., Garcia, A., Kaneko, W. M., Ehlers, C. L., & Jones, K. L. (1994). A decrease in the size of the basal ganglia following prenatal alcohol exposure: A preliminary report. Neurotoxicology Teratology 16(3), 283-289.
100. Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Sowell, E. R., Jernigan, T. L., Sobel, D. F., & Jones, K. L. (1996). A decrease in the size of the basal ganglia in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 20(6), 1088-1093.
101. May, P. A. (1995). A multiple-level, comprehensive approach to the prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD). The International Journal of Addictions, 30(12), 1549-1602.
102. May, P. A., Brooke, L., Gessage, J. P., Croxford, J., Adnams, C., Jones, K. L., Robinson, L., & Viljoen, D. (2001). Epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African Community in the Western Cape Province. American Journal of Public Health, 90(12), 1905-1912.
103. May, P. A., Hymbaugh, K. J., Aase, J. M., & Samet, J. M. (1983). Epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome among American Indians of the southwest. Social Biology, 30, 374-387.
104. McCarthy, D. (1972). The McCarthy scales of children's abilities. New York: Psychological Corporation.
105. McLoyd, V. C. (1998). Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development. American Psychologist, 53(2), 185-204.
106. Mesulam, M. M. (1981). A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect. Archives of Neurology, 10, 304-325.
107. Mirsky, A. F. (1989). The neuropsychology of attention: Elements of a complex behavior. In E. Peregman (Ed.), Integrated theory and practice in clinical neuropsychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
108. Morris, R. D. (1996). Relationships and distinctions among the concepts ofattention, memory, and executive function: A developmental perspective. In G. R. Lyon & N. A. Krasnegor (Eds.), Attention, memory, and executive function (pp. 11-16). Baltimore: Paul Brookes Publishing Co.
109. Morse, B. A., Adams, J., & Weiner, L. (1992). FAS: Neuropsychological manifestations. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 16, 380.
110. Nanson, J. L., & Hiscock, M. (1990). Attention deficits in children exposed to alcohol prenatally. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 14(5), 656-661.
111. O'Beattie, J., Day, R. E., Cockburn, F., & Garg R. A. (1983). Alcohol and the fetus in the west of Scotland. British Medical Journal, 287, 17-20.
112. Oesterheld, J. R., & Wilson, A. (1997). ADHD and FAS. Journal ofthe American Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1163.
113. Olegard, R., Sabel, K. G., Aronsson, M., Sadin, B., Johansson, P. R., Carlsson, C., Kyllerman, M., Iversen, K., & Hrbek, A. (1979). Effects on the child of alcohol abuse during pregnancy: Retrospective and prospective studies. Acta Paediatr Scand. Supppl. 275, 112-121.
114. Platzman, K. A., Friedes, D., Lynch, M. E., & Falek, A. (2000). Narrative and visual-spatial memory in adolescents prenatally exposed to alcohol. Poster session presented at the Annual Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, Denver, CO.
115. Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. A Rev. Neurosci., 13, 25-42.
116. Riikonen, R. S. (1994). Difference in susceptibility to teratogenic effects of alcohol in discordant twins exposed to alcohol during the second half of gestation. Pediatric Neurology, 11(4), 332-336.
117. Riikonen, R., Salonen, I., Partanen, K., & Verho, S. (1999). Brain perfusion SPECT and MRI in foetal alcohol syndrome. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 41, 652-659.
118. Riley, E. P., Mattson, S. N., Sowell, E. R., Jernigan, T. L., Sobel, D. F., & Jones, K. L. (1995). Abnormalities of the corpus callosum in children prenatally exposed to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 19(5), 1198-1202.
119. Robin, N. H., & Zackai, E. H. (1994). Unusual craniofacial dysmorphia due to prenatal alcohol and cocaine exposure. Teratology, 50(2), 160-164.
120. Robinson, L. (2001). Incidence and manifestation of fetal alcohol syndrome in special orphanages and boarding schools in Moscow, Russia. Paper presented at Symposium, Alcohol Problems in Russia: Results of Four Research Initiatives Developed Under the U.S./Russian Bilateral Commission for Science and Technology, M. M. Murry (Chair), Research Society on Alcoholism, 24th Annual Scientific Meeting, June 26, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
121. Roebuck, T. M., Mattson, S. N., & Riley, E. P. (1998). A review of the neuroanatomical findings in children with fetal alcohol syndrome or prenatal exposure to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 22(2), 339-344.
122. Roebuck, T. M., Mattson, S. N., & Riley, E. P. (1999). Behavioral and psychosocial profiles of alcohol-exposed children. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 23(6), 1070-1076.
123. Roebuck, T. M., Simmons, R. W., Mattson, S. N., & Riley, E. P. (1998). Prenatal exposure to alcohol affects the ability to maintain postural balance. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 22(1), 252-258.
124. Roebuck, T. M., Simmons, R. W., Richardson, C., Mattson, S. N., & Riley, E. P. (1998). Neuromuscular responses to disturbance of balance in children with prenatal exposure to alcohol. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 22(9), 1992-1997.
125. Rolls, E. T., Hornak, J., Wade, D., & McGrath, J. (1994). Emotion-related learning in patients with social and emotional changes associated with frontal lobe damage. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 57, 1518-1524.
126. Rourke, B. P. (Ed.). (1995). Syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities: Neurodevelopmental manifestations. New York: Guilford.
127. Sampson, P. D., Kerr, B., Carmichael-Olson, H., Streissguth, A. P., Hunt, E., & Barr, H. (1997). The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on adolescent cognitive processing: A speed-accuracy tradeoff. Intelligence, 24(2), 329-353.
128. Schonfeld, A. M., Mattson, S. N., Lang, A., Delis, D. C., & Riley, E. P. (2001). Verbal and nonverbal fluency in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 62(2), 239-246.
129. Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments in planning. In D. E. Broadbent &L. Weiskrantz (Eds.), The neuropsychology of cognitive function (pp. 199-209). London: The Royal Society.
130. Smith, I. E., Coles, C. D., Lancaster, J., Fernhoff, P. M., & Falek, A. (1986). The effect of volume and duration of prenatal ethanol exposure on neonatal physical and behavioral development. Neurobehavioral Toxicology & Teratology, 8, 375-381.
131. Smith, I. E., Lancaster, J. S., Moss-Wells, S., Coles, C. D., & Falek, A. (1987). Identifying high risk pregnant drinkers: Biological and behavioral correlates of continuous heavy drinking during pregnancy. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48, 304-309.
132. Smith, D. F., Sandor, G. G., MacLeod, P. M., Tredwell, S., Wood, B., & Newman, D. E. (1981). Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 3, 145-152.
133. Sokol, R. J., Ager, J., Martier, R. S., Debanne, S., Ernhart, C., Kuzma, J., & Miller, S. I. (1986). Significant determinations of susceptibility to alcohol teratogenicity. Annuals of the New York Academy Science, 47, 87-102.
134. Sokol, R. J., & Clarren, S. K. (1989). Guidelines for use of terminology describing the impact of prenatal alcohol on the offspring. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 13(4), 597-598.
135. Sowell, E. R., Jernigan, T. L., Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Sobel, D. F., & Jones, K. L. (1996). Abnormal development of the cerebellar vermis in children prenatally exposed to alcohol, size reduction in lobules I-V. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 20(1), 31-34.
136. Spohr, H.-L., & Steinhausen, H. C. (1984). Clinical, psychopathological, and developmental aspects in children with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). In CIBA Foundation Symposium 105: Mechanisms of alcohol damage in utero (pp. 197-217). London: CIBA Foundation. Pitman Publishers.
137. Spohr, H. L., & Steinhausen, H. C. (1987). Follow-up of children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Neuropediatrics, 18, 13-17.
138. Spohr, H. L., Willms, J., & Steinhausen, J. C. (1993). Prenatal alcohol exposure and long-term developmental consequences. Lancet, 32, 990-1006.
139. Steinhausen, H. C., Nestler, V., & Spohr, H. L. (1982). Development and psychopathology of children with the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 3(2), 49-54.
140. Steinhausen, H. C., Willms, J., & Spohr, H. L. (1993). Long-term psychopathological and cognitive outcome of children with fetal alcohol syndrome. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 32(5), 990-994.
141. Stratton, K., Howe, C., & Battaglia, F. (Eds.). (1996). Fetal alcohol syndrome: Diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
142. Streissguth, A. P. (1997). Fetal alcohol syndrome: A guide for families and communities. Baltimore: Paul Brookes Publishing Co.
143. Streissguth, A. P., Aase, J. M., Clarren, S. K., Randels, S. P., LaDue, R. A., & Smith, D. F. (1991). Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 265, 1961-1967.
144. Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., Carmichael-Olson, H., Sampson, P. D., Bookstein, F. L., & Burgess, D. M. (1994). Drinking during pregnancy decreases word attack and arithmetic scores on standardized tests: Adolescent data from a population-based prospective study. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 18(2), 248-254.
145. Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., Kogan, J., & Bookstein, F. L. (1996). Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Final report. Seattle: University of Washington Publication Service.
146. Streissguth A. P., Barr, H. M., Sampson, P. D., Parrish-Johnson, J. C., Kirchner, G. L., & Martin, D. C. (1986). Attention, distraction and reaction time at age 7 years and prenatal alcohol exposure. Neurobehavioral Toxicology & Teratology, 8(6), 717-725.
147. Streissguth, A. P., Bookstein, F. L., Sampson, P. D, & Barr, H. M. (1993). The enduring effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development: Birth through seven years, a Partial Least Squares Solution. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
148. Streissguth, A. P., Bookstein, F. L., Sampson, P. D., & Barr, H. M. (1995). Attention: Prenatal alcohol and continuities of vigilance and attentional problems from 4 through 14 years. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 419-446.
149. Streissguth A. P., Clarren, S. K., & Jones, K. L. (1985). Natural history of the fetal alcohol syndrome: A 10-year follow-up of eleven patients. Lancet, 2(8446), 85-91.
150. Streissguth, A. P., Herman, C. S., & Smith, D. W. (1978). Intelligence, behavior and dysmorphogenesis in the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A report on 20 patients. Journal of Pediatrics, 92(3), 363-367.
151. Streissguth, A. P., Martin, D. C., Barr, H. M., & Sandman, B. M. (1984). Intrauterine alcohol and nicotine exposure: Attention and reaction time in 4-year-old children. Developmental Psychology, 20(4), 533-541.
152. Streissguth, A. P., & O'Malley, K. (2001). Neuropsychiatric implications and long-term consequences of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 5(3), 177-190.
153. Streissguth A. P., Sampson, P. D., Carmichael-Olson, H., Bookstein, F. L., Barr, H. M., Scott, M. Feldman, J., & Mirsky, A. (1994). Maternal drinking during pregnancy: Attention and short-term memory in 14-year-old offspring: A longitudinal prospective study. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 18(1), 202-218.
154. Stromland, K. (1990). Contribution of ocular examination to the diagnosis of foetal alcohol syndrome in mentally retarded children. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 34, 429-435.
155. Swayze, V. W. II, Johnson, V. P., Hanson, J. W., Piven, J., Sato, Y., Giedd, J. N., Mosnik, D., & Andreasen, N. C. (1997). Magnetic resonance imaging of brain anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome. Pediatrics, 99(2), 232-240.
156. Tanaka, H., Masataka, A., & Suzuki, N. (1981). The fetal alcohol syndrome in Japan. Brain Development, 3, 305-311.
157. Ueckerer, A., & Nadel, L. (1996). Spatial locations gone awry: Object and spatial memory deficits in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. Neuropsychologia, 34, 209-223.
158. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Prenatal exposure to alcohol. In Tenth Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health: Highlights from Current Research, 283-322.
159. Wass, T. S., & Haith, M. M. (1999). Executive function deficits in 3-month-old human infants exposed to alcohol in utero. Poster session presented at the Annual Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, Santa Barbara, CA.
160. Wechsler, D. (1989). Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-Revised. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
161. Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler intelligence scale for children (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
162. Weikart, D. P., & Schweinhart, L. J. (1992). High/scope preschool program outcomes. In J. McCord & R. E. Tremblay (Eds.), Preventing antisocial behavior: Interventions from birth through adolescence (pp. 67-86). New York: Guilford.
163. Weinberg, N. Z. (1997). Cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with parental alcohol use. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1177-1186.
164. West, J. R., & Pierce, D. R. (1984). The effect of in utero ethanol exposure on hippocampal mossy fibers: An HRP study. Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research, 15(2), 275-279.
165. World Health Organization. (1994). ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th rev.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
166. Ylvisaker, M. (1998). Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Albany, NY: Butterworth-Heinmann.