메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 111, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 230-246

E-cigarette use and adult cigarette smoking cessation: A meta-analysis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CIGARETTE SMOKING; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PROCEDURES; PUBLISHING; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); SMOKING CESSATION; VAPING;

EID: 85100070281     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305999     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (187)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 85084362378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette devices, uses, exposures
    • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. E-cigarette devices, uses, exposures. In: Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2018.
    • (2018) Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes
  • 2
    • 70349730559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, §910(c), Pub L No 111-31
    • Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, §910(c), Pub L No 111-31, 123 Stat 1776 (2009).
    • (2009) Stat , vol.123 , pp. 1776
  • 3
    • 84990854081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leading-brand advertisement of quitting smoking benefits for e-cigarettes
    • Ramamurthi D, Gall PA, Ayoub N, Jackler RK. Leading-brand advertisement of quitting smoking benefits for e-cigarettes. Am J Public Health. 2016; 106(11):2057-2063. https://doi.org/10.2105/ AJPH.2016.303437
    • (2016) Am J Public Health , vol.106 , Issue.11 , pp. 2057-2063
    • Ramamurthi, D1    Gall, PA2    Ayoub, N3    Jackler, RK.4
  • 4
    • 85044845453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harm minimization and tobacco control: reframing societal views of nicotine use to rapidly save lives
    • Abrams DB, Glasser AM, Pearson JL, Villanti AC, Collins LK, Niaura RS. Harm minimization and tobacco control: reframing societal views of nicotine use to rapidly save lives. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;39(1):193-213. https://doi.org/10. 1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013849
    • (2018) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 193-213
    • Abrams, DB1    Glasser, AM2    Pearson, JL3    Villanti, AC4    Collins, LK5    Niaura, RS.6
  • 6
    • 85072598310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Food and Drug Administration. Accessed October 12, 2018
    • US Food and Drug Administration. FDA unveils new steps to protect youth by preventing access to flavored tobacco products, announces plans to ban menthol in cigarettes and cigars. 2018. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/tobaccoproducts/ ctp-newsroom/fda-unveils-new-stepsprotect- youth-preventing-access-flavoredtobacco- products-announces-plans-ban?utm_ source=Eloqua&utm_medium=email&utm_term =stratcomms&utm_content=newsroompage&utm_ campaign=CTP%20News%26Connect%26SOS%3A %20November%2015%20Policy%20and%20NYTS% 20-%20111518. Accessed October 12, 2018.
    • (2018) FDA unveils new steps to protect youth by preventing access to flavored tobacco products, announces plans to ban menthol in cigarettes and cigars
  • 7
    • 84958121135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Kalkhoran S, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4(2):116-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2213-2600(15)00521-4
    • (2016) Lancet Respir Med , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 116-128
    • Kalkhoran, S1    Glantz, SA.2
  • 8
    • 85014056415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic nicotine delivery systems and/or electronic nonnicotine delivery systems for tobacco smoking cessation or reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis [erratum in BMJ Open. 2020;10(1): e012680corr1]
    • El Dib R, Suzumura EA, Akl EA, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems and/or electronic nonnicotine delivery systems for tobacco smoking cessation or reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis [erratum in BMJ Open. 2020;10(1): e012680corr1]. BMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e012680. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012680
    • (2017) BMJ Open , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. e012680
    • El Dib, R1    Suzumura, EA2    Akl, EA3
  • 9
    • 68049122102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement
    • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. https://doi.org/10. 1371/journal.pmed.1000097
    • (2009) PLoS Med , vol.6 , Issue.7 , pp. e1000097
    • Moher, D1    Liberati, A2    Tetzlaff, J3    Altman, DG4    Group, P.5
  • 10
    • 0034685429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metaanalysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group
    • Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Metaanalysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15):2008-2012. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.15.2008
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , Issue.15 , pp. 2008-2012
    • Stroup, DF1    Berlin, JA2    Morton, SC3
  • 11
    • 79951952372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables
    • Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):383-394. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026
    • (2011) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.64 , Issue.4 , pp. 383-394
    • Guyatt, G1    Oxman, AD2    Akl, EA3
  • 12
    • 85046427623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of e-cigarette use with smoking cessation among smokers who plan to quit after a hospitalization: a prospective study
    • Rigotti NA, Chang Y, Tindle HA, et al. Association of e-cigarette use with smoking cessation among smokers who plan to quit after a hospitalization: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(9): 613-620. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-2048
    • (2018) Ann Intern Med , vol.168 , Issue.9 , pp. 613-620
    • Rigotti, NA1    Chang, Y2    Tindle, HA3
  • 13
    • 85026886338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of population smoking cessation by electronic cigarette use status in a national sample of recent smokers
    • Giovenco DP, Delnevo CD. Prevalence of population smoking cessation by electronic cigarette use status in a national sample of recent smokers. Addict Behav. 2018;76:129-134. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.002
    • (2018) Addict Behav , vol.76 , pp. 129-134
    • Giovenco, DP1    Delnevo, CD.2
  • 14
    • 85068847540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between electronic cigarette use and smoking reduction in France
    • Gomajee R, El-Khoury F, Goldberg M, et al. Association between electronic cigarette use and smoking reduction in France. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(9):1193-1200. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jamainternmed.2019.1483
    • (2019) JAMA Intern Med , vol.179 , Issue.9 , pp. 1193-1200
    • Gomajee, R1    El-Khoury, F2    Goldberg, M3
  • 15
    • 85026368056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use and associated changes in population smoking cessation: evidence from US current population surveys
    • Zhu SH, Zhuang YL, Wong S, Cummins SE, Tedeschi GJ. E-cigarette use and associated changes in population smoking cessation: evidence from US current population surveys. BMJ. 2017;358:j3262. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmj.j3262
    • (2017) BMJ , vol.358 , pp. j3262
    • Zhu, SH1    Zhuang, YL2    Wong, S3    Cummins, SE4    Tedeschi, GJ.5
  • 16
    • 85048766086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pragmatic trial of ecigarettes, incentives, and drugs for smoking cessation
    • Halpern SD, Harhay MO, Saulsgive K, Brophy C, Troxel AB, Volp KG. A pragmatic trial of ecigarettes, incentives, and drugs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(24):2302-2310. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1715757
    • (2018) N Engl J Med , vol.378 , Issue.24 , pp. 2302-2310
    • Halpern, SD1    Harhay, MO2    Saulsgive, K3    Brophy, C4    Troxel, AB5    Volp, KG.6
  • 17
    • 84887680599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial
    • Bullen C, Howe C, Laugesen M, et al. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;382(9905):1629-1637. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61842-5
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.382 , Issue.9905 , pp. 1629-1637
    • Bullen, C1    Howe, C2    Laugesen, M3
  • 18
    • 85076311450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits of e-cigarettes in smoking reduction and in pulmonary health among chronic smokers undergoing a lung cancer screening program at 6 months
    • Lucchiari C, MasieroM, Mazzocco K, et al. Benefits of e-cigarettes in smoking reduction and in pulmonary health among chronic smokers undergoing a lung cancer screening program at 6 months. Addict Behav. 2020;103:106222. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106222
    • (2020) Addict Behav , vol.103 , pp. 106222
    • Lucchiari, C1    Masiero, M2    Mazzocco, K3
  • 19
    • 85076511020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine patches used in combination with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation: a pragmatic, randomised trial
    • Walker N, Parag V, Verbiest M, Laking G, Laugesen M, Bullen C. Nicotine patches used in combination with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation: a pragmatic, randomised trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(1):54-64. https://doi. org/10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30269-3
    • (2020) Lancet Respir Med , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-64
    • Walker, N1    Parag, V2    Verbiest, M3    Laking, G4    Laugesen, M5    Bullen, C.6
  • 21
    • 84859001212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
    • Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d5928. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343 , pp. d5928
    • Higgins, JP1    Altman, DG2    Gotzsche, PC3
  • 22
    • 85030710299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use among treatment-seeking smokers:moderation of abstinence by use frequency
    • Subialka Nowariak EN, Lien RK, Boyle RG, Amato MS, Beebe LA. E-cigarette use among treatment-seeking smokers:moderation of abstinence by use frequency. Addict Behav. 2018;77:137-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.023
    • (2018) Addict Behav , vol.77 , pp. 137-142
    • Subialka Nowariak, EN1    Lien, RK2    Boyle, RG3    Amato, MS4    Beebe, LA.5
  • 23
    • 84922447218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of electronic cigarette use among a populationbased sample of adult smokers: association with smoking cessation and motivation to quit
    • Biener L, Hargraves JL. A longitudinal study of electronic cigarette use among a populationbased sample of adult smokers: association with smoking cessation and motivation to quit. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(2):127-133. https://doi.org/10. 1093/ntr/ntu200
    • (2015) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-133
    • Biener, L1    Hargraves, JL.2
  • 24
    • 84927609895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realworld effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study
    • Brown J, Beard E, Kotz D, Michie S, West R. Realworld effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study. Addiction. 2014;109(9):1531- 1540. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12623
    • (2014) Addiction , vol.109 , Issue.9 , pp. 1531-1540
    • Brown, J1    Beard, E2    Kotz, D3    Michie, S4    West, R.5
  • 25
    • 84929378002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use in the past and quitting behavior in the future: a population-based study
    • Al-Delaimy WK, Myers MG, Leas EC, Strong DR, Hofstetter CR. E-cigarette use in the past and quitting behavior in the future: a population-based study. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(6):1213-1219. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482
    • (2015) Am J Public Health , vol.105 , Issue.6 , pp. 1213-1219
    • Al-Delaimy, WK1    Myers, MG2    Leas, EC3    Strong, DR4    Hofstetter, CR.5
  • 26
    • 84994888179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use 1 year later in a population-based prospective cohort
    • Amato MS, Boyle RG, Levy D. E-cigarette use 1 year later in a population-based prospective cohort. Tob Control. 2017;26(e2):e92-e96. https:// doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053177
    • (2017) Tob Control , vol.26 , Issue.e2 , pp. e92-e96
    • Amato, MS1    Boyle, RG2    Levy, D.3
  • 27
    • 85054126795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can e-cigarettes and pharmaceutical aids increase smoking cessation and reduce cigarette consumption? Findings from a nationally representative cohort of American smokers
    • Benmarhnia T, Pierce JP, Leas E, et al. Can e-cigarettes and pharmaceutical aids increase smoking cessation and reduce cigarette consumption? Findings from a nationally representative cohort of American smokers. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187(11):2397-2404. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy129
    • (2018) Am J Epidemiol , vol.187 , Issue.11 , pp. 2397-2404
    • Benmarhnia, T1    Pierce, JP2    Leas, E3
  • 28
    • 85058738601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecigarette initiation and associated changes in smoking cessation and reduction: the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2013- 2015
    • Berry KM, Reynolds LM, Collins JM, et al. Ecigarette initiation and associated changes in smoking cessation and reduction: the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2013- 2015. Tob Control. 2019;28(1):42-49. https://doi. org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054108
    • (2019) Tob Control , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 42-49
    • Berry, KM1    Reynolds, LM2    Collins, JM3
  • 29
    • 85067684964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use during a randomized trial of interventions for smoking cessation among Medicaid beneficiaries with mental illness
    • Bianco CL, Pratt SI, Ferron JC, Brunette MF. Electronic cigarette use during a randomized trial of interventions for smoking cessation among Medicaid beneficiaries with mental illness. J Dual Diagn. 2019;15(3):184-191. https://doi.org/10. 1080/15504263.2019.1620400
    • (2019) J Dual Diagn , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 184-191
    • Bianco, CL1    Pratt, SI2    Ferron, JC3    Brunette, MF.4
  • 30
    • 85007189030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use among patients with cancer: characteristics of electronic cigarette users and their smoking cessation outcomes
    • Borderud SP, Li Y, Burkhalter JE, Sheffer CE, Ostroff JS. Electronic cigarette use among patients with cancer: characteristics of electronic cigarette users and their smoking cessation outcomes. Cancer. 2014;120(22):3527-3535. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/cncr.28811
    • (2014) Cancer , vol.120 , Issue.22 , pp. 3527-3535
    • Borderud, SP1    Li, Y2    Burkhalter, JE3    Sheffer, CE4    Ostroff, JS.5
  • 31
    • 85028958769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use in US adults at risk for or with COPD: analysis from two observational cohorts
    • Bowler RP, Hansel NN, Jacobson S, et al. Electronic cigarette use in US adults at risk for or with COPD: analysis from two observational cohorts. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(12):1315-1322. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11606-017-4150-7
    • (2017) J Gen Intern Med , vol.32 , Issue.12 , pp. 1315-1322
    • Bowler, RP1    Hansel, NN2    Jacobson, S3
  • 32
    • 84931573677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the use of electronic cigarettes while smoking associated with smoking cessation attempts, cessation and reduced cigarette consumption? A survey with a 1-year follow-up
    • Brose LS, Hitchman SC, Brown J, West R, McNeill A. Is the use of electronic cigarettes while smoking associated with smoking cessation attempts, cessation and reduced cigarette consumption? A survey with a 1-year follow-up. Addiction. 2015;110(7): 1160-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12917
    • (2015) Addiction , vol.110 , Issue.7 , pp. 1160-1168
    • Brose, LS1    Hitchman, SC2    Brown, J3    West, R4    McNeill, A.5
  • 33
    • 85070093454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes and smoking cessation: a prospective study of a national sample of pregnant smokers
    • Chiang SC, Abroms LC, Cleary SD, Pant I, Doherty L, Krishnan N. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation: a prospective study of a national sample of pregnant smokers. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1): 964. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7299-7
    • (2019) BMC Public Health , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 964
    • Chiang, SC1    Abroms, LC2    Cleary, SD3    Pant, I4    Doherty, L5    Krishnan, N.6
  • 34
    • 84907686459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profile of ecigarette use and its relationship with cigarette quit attempts and abstinence in Kansas adults
    • Christensen T, Welsh E, Faseru B. Profile of ecigarette use and its relationship with cigarette quit attempts and abstinence in Kansas adults. Prev Med. 2014;69:90-94. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.ypmed.2014.09.005
    • (2014) Prev Med , vol.69 , pp. 90-94
    • Christensen, T1    Welsh, E2    Faseru, B.3
  • 35
    • 85050435875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A descriptive report of electronic cigarette use after participation in a community-based tobacco cessation trial
    • Curry E, Nemeth JM, Wermert A, et al. A descriptive report of electronic cigarette use after participation in a community-based tobacco cessation trial. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;20(1): 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx013
    • (2017) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-139
    • Curry, E1    Nemeth, JM2    Wermert, A3
  • 36
    • 85026327888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic nicotine delivery systems and smoking cessation in Arkansas, 2014
    • Ekanem US, Cardenas VM, Cen R, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems and smoking cessation in Arkansas, 2014. Public Health Rep. 2017;132(2):210-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0033354916689611
    • (2017) Public Health Rep , vol.132 , Issue.2 , pp. 210-219
    • Ekanem, US1    Cardenas, VM2    Cen, R3
  • 37
    • 85041480936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with successful vs. unsuccessful smoking cessation: data from a nationally representative study
    • El-Khoury Lesueur F, Bolze C, Melchior M. Factors associated with successful vs. unsuccessful smoking cessation: data from a nationally representative study. Addict Behav. 2018;80:110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.016
    • (2018) Addict Behav , vol.80 , pp. 110-115
    • El-Khoury Lesueur, F1    Bolze, C2    Melchior, M.3
  • 38
    • 85060154655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use is strongly associated with recent smoking cessation: an analysis of a representative population sample in Greece
    • Farsalinos K, Siakas G, Poulas K, Voudris V, Merakou K, Barbouni A. E-cigarette use is strongly associated with recent smoking cessation: an analysis of a representative population sample in Greece. Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14(6):835-842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-018-02023-x
    • (2019) Intern Emerg Med , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 835-842
    • Farsalinos, K1    Siakas, G2    Poulas, K3    Voudris, V4    Merakou, K5    Barbouni, A.6
  • 39
    • 85060123322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohort study of electronic cigarette use: safety and effectiveness after 4 years of follow-up
    • Flacco ME, Ferrante M, Fiore M, et al. Cohort study of electronic cigarette use: safety and effectiveness after 4 years of follow-up. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019;23(1):402-412. https:// doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201901_16789
    • (2019) Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 402-412
    • Flacco, ME1    Ferrante, M2    Fiore, M3
  • 40
    • 85015317481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use in young Swiss men: is vaping an effective way of reducing or quitting smoking?
    • Gmel G, Baggio S, Mohler-Kuo M, Daeppen JB, Studer J. E-cigarette use in young Swiss men: is vaping an effective way of reducing or quitting smoking? Swiss Med Wkly. 2016;146:w14271. https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2016.14271
    • (2016) Swiss Med Wkly , vol.146 , pp. w14271
    • Gmel, G1    Baggio, S2    Mohler-Kuo, M3    Daeppen, JB4    Studer, J.5
  • 41
    • 85021367464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use as an aid to quit smoking in the representative Italian population PASSI survey
    • Gorini G, Ferrante G, Quarchioni E, et al. Electronic cigarette use as an aid to quit smoking in the representative Italian population PASSI survey. Prev Med. 2017;102:1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ypmed.2017.06.029
    • (2017) Prev Med , vol.102 , pp. 1-5
    • Gorini, G1    Ferrante, G2    Quarchioni, E3
  • 42
    • 84898016747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal analysis of electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation
    • Grana RA, Popova L, Ling PM. A longitudinal analysis of electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(5):812-813. https://doi. org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.187
    • (2014) JAMA Intern Med , vol.174 , Issue.5 , pp. 812-813
    • Grana, RA1    Popova, L2    Ling, PM.3
  • 43
    • 84965036371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use in veterans seeking mental health and/or substance use services
    • Hefner K, Rosenheck R, Merrel J, Coffman M, Valentine G, Sofuoglu M. E-cigarette use in veterans seeking mental health and/or substance use services. J Dual Diagn. 2016;12(2):109-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2016.1172895
    • (2016) J Dual Diagn , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-117
    • Hefner, K1    Rosenheck, R2    Merrel, J3    Coffman, M4    Valentine, G5    Sofuoglu, M.6
  • 44
    • 85013278816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use and smoking abstinence in Japan: a crosssectional study of quitting methods
    • Hirano T, Tabuchi T, Nakahara R, Kunugita N, Mochizuki-Kobayashi Y. Electronic cigarette use and smoking abstinence in Japan: a crosssectional study of quitting methods. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(2):202. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph14020202
    • (2017) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 202
    • Hirano, T1    Tabuchi, T2    Nakahara, R3    Kunugita, N4    Mochizuki-Kobayashi, Y.5
  • 45
    • 84931077209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between e-cigarette type, frequency of use, and quitting smoking: findings from a longitudinal online panel survey in Great Britain
    • Hitchman SC, Brose LS, Brown J, Robson D, McNeill A. Associations between e-cigarette type, frequency of use, and quitting smoking: findings from a longitudinal online panel survey in Great Britain. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(10):1187-1194. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv078
    • (2015) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1187-1194
    • Hitchman, SC1    Brose, LS2    Brown, J3    Robson, D4    McNeill, A.5
  • 46
    • 85068610389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderators of real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation aids: a population study
    • Jackson SE, Kotz D, West R, Brown J. Moderators of real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation aids: a population study. Addiction. 2019;114(9):1627-1638. https://doi.org/10. 1111/add.14656
    • (2019) Addiction , vol.114 , Issue.9 , pp. 1627-1638
    • Jackson, SE1    Kotz, D2    West, R3    Brown, J.4
  • 47
    • 85076859529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between dual use of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation: a prospective study of smokers in England
    • Jackson SE, Shahab L, West R, Brown J. Associations between dual use of e-cigarettes and smoking cessation: a prospective study of smokers in England. Addict Behav. 2020;103: 106230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019. 106230
    • (2020) Addict Behav , vol.103 , pp. 106230
    • Jackson, SE1    Shahab, L2    West, R3    Brown, J.4
  • 48
    • 85071955521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette usage is associated with increased past-12-month quit attempts and successful smoking cessation in two US population-based surveys
    • Johnson L, Ma Y, Fisher SL, et al. E-cigarette usage is associated with increased past-12-month quit attempts and successful smoking cessation in two US population-based surveys. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(10):1331-1338. https://doi.org/10.1093/ ntr/nty211
    • (2019) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1331-1338
    • Johnson, L1    Ma, Y2    Fisher, SL3
  • 49
    • 85083914241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use and cigarette abstinence over two years among US smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
    • Kalkhoran S, Chang Y, Rigotti NA. Electronic cigarette use and cigarette abstinence over two years among US smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(5):728-733. https://doi. org/10.1093/ntr/ntz114
    • (2020) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 728-733
    • Kalkhoran, S1    Chang, Y2    Rigotti, NA.3
  • 50
    • 85074927363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in smokers with chronic conditions
    • Kalkhoran S, Chang Y, Rigotti NA. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in smokers with chronic conditions. Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(6):786-791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.017
    • (2019) Am J Prev Med , vol.57 , Issue.6 , pp. 786-791
    • Kalkhoran, S1    Chang, Y2    Rigotti, NA.3
  • 51
    • 85033664554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of e-cigarettes as an additional tool in a smoking cessation group intervention: results after 12 months [in German]
    • Kröger CB, Ofner S, Piontek D. Use of e-cigarettes as an additional tool in a smoking cessation group intervention: results after 12 months [in German]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2018;61(1):32-39. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00103-017-2657-z
    • (2018) Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-39
    • Kröger, CB1    Ofner, S2    Piontek, D.3
  • 52
    • 85044862207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes associated with depressed smoking cessation: a cross-sectional study of 28 European Union countries
    • Kulik MC, Lisha NE, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes associated with depressed smoking cessation: a cross-sectional study of 28 European Union countries. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(4):603-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.017
    • (2018) Am J Prev Med , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 603-609
    • Kulik, MC1    Lisha, NE2    Glantz, SA.3
  • 53
    • 85051229232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of e-cigarette use to cigarette quit attempts and cessation: insights from a large, nationally representative US survey
    • Levy DT, Yuan Z, Luo Y, Abrams DB. The relationship of e-cigarette use to cigarette quit attempts and cessation: insights from a large, nationally representative US survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018;20(8):931-939. https://doi.org/10.1093/ ntr/ntx166
    • (2018) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 931-939
    • Levy, DT1    Yuan, Z2    Luo, Y3    Abrams, DB.4
  • 54
    • 85055686689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of smoking status in cancer survivors
    • Little MA, Klesges RC, Bursac Z, et al. Correlates of smoking status in cancer survivors. J Cancer Surviv. 2018;12(6):828-834. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11764-018-0720-x
    • (2018) J Cancer Surviv , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 828-834
    • Little, MA1    Klesges, RC2    Bursac, Z3
  • 55
    • 85017355643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohort study of electronic cigarette use: effectiveness and safety at 24 months
    • Manzoli L, Flacco ME, Ferrante M, et al. Cohort study of electronic cigarette use: effectiveness and safety at 24 months. Tob Control. 2017;26(3):284-292. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015- 052822
    • (2017) Tob Control , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 284-292
    • Manzoli, L1    Flacco, ME2    Ferrante, M3
  • 56
    • 85021185099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes, quit attempts and smoking cessation: a 6-month follow-up
    • Pasquereau A, Guignard R, Andler R, Nguyen- Thanh V. Electronic cigarettes, quit attempts and smoking cessation: a 6-month follow-up. Addiction. 2017;112(9):1620-1628. https://doi. org/10.1111/add.13869
    • (2017) Addiction , vol.112 , Issue.9 , pp. 1620-1628
    • Pasquereau, A1    Guignard, R2    Andler, R3    Nguyen- Thanh, V.4
  • 57
    • 84943811104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes and smoking cessation: insights and cautions from a secondary analysis of data from a study of online treatment-seeking smokers
    • Pearson JL, Stanton CA, Cha S, Niaura RS, Luta G, Graham AL. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation: insights and cautions from a secondary analysis of data from a study of online treatment-seeking smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(10):1219- 1227. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu269
    • (2015) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1219-1227
    • Pearson, JL1    Stanton, CA2    Cha, S3    Niaura, RS4    Luta, G5    Graham, AL.6
  • 58
    • 85083907253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in use patterns over one year among smokers and dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes
    • Piper ME, Baker TB, Benowitz NL, Jorenby DE. Changes in use patterns over one year among smokers and dual users of combustible and electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(5): 672-680. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz065
    • (2020) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 672-680
    • Piper, ME1    Baker, TB2    Benowitz, NL3    Jorenby, DE.4
  • 59
    • 84912567358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use among smokers with serious mental illness
    • Prochaska JJ, Grana RA. E-cigarette use among smokers with serious mental illness. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e113013. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0113013
    • (2014) PLoS One , vol.9 , Issue.11 , pp. e113013
    • Prochaska, JJ1    Grana, RA.2
  • 60
    • 84992225504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use and smoking reduction or cessation in the 2010/ 2011 TUS-CPS longitudinal cohort
    • Shi Y, Pierce JP, White M, et al. E-cigarette use and smoking reduction or cessation in the 2010/ 2011 TUS-CPS longitudinal cohort. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1105. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12889-016-3770-x
    • (2016) BMC Public Health , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 1105
    • Shi, Y1    Pierce, JP2    White, M3
  • 61
    • 85021264094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does e-cigarette use at baseline influence smoking cessation rates among 2-year college students?
    • Snow E, Johnson T, Ossip DJ, et al. Does e-cigarette use at baseline influence smoking cessation rates among 2-year college students? J Smok Cessat. 2018; 13(2):110-120. https://doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2017.11
    • (2018) J Smok Cessat , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 110-120
    • Snow, E1    Johnson, T2    Ossip, DJ3
  • 62
    • 84937605873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of trying electronic cigarettes on cigarette smoking by college students: a prospective analysis
    • Sutfin EL, Reboussin BA, Debinski B, Wagoner KG, Spangler J, Wolfson M. The impact of trying electronic cigarettes on cigarette smoking by college students: a prospective analysis. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(8):e83-e89. https://doi. org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302707
    • (2015) Am J Public Health , vol.105 , Issue.8 , pp. e83-e89
    • Sutfin, EL1    Reboussin, BA2    Debinski, B3    Wagoner, KG4    Spangler, J5    Wolfson, M.6
  • 63
    • 85061990083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quitting behaviors among dual cigarette/e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers enrolled in the Tobacco User Adult Cohort (TUAC)
    • Sweet L, Brasky TM, Cooper S, et al. Quitting behaviors among dual cigarette/e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers enrolled in the Tobacco User Adult Cohort (TUAC). Nicotine Tob Res. 2019; 21(3):278-284. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty222
    • (2019) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 278-284
    • Sweet, L1    Brasky, TM2    Cooper, S3
  • 64
    • 85072377438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersection of e-cigarette use and gender on transitions in cigarette smoking status: findings across waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study
    • Verplaetse TL, Moore KE, Pittman BP, et al. Intersection of e-cigarette use and gender on transitions in cigarette smoking status: findings across waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(10):1423-1428. https:// doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty187
    • (2019) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.21 , Issue.10 , pp. 1423-1428
    • Verplaetse, TL1    Moore, KE2    Pittman, BP3
  • 65
    • 84964608153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for electronic nicotine delivery system use and smoking abstinence at 6 months: a descriptive study of callers to employer and health plan-sponsored quitlines
    • Vickerman KA, Schauer GL, Malarcher AM, Zhang L, Mowery P, Nash CM. Reasons for electronic nicotine delivery system use and smoking abstinence at 6 months: a descriptive study of callers to employer and health plan-sponsored quitlines. Tob Control. 2017;26(2):126-134. https:// doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052734
    • (2017) Tob Control , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 126-134
    • Vickerman, KA1    Schauer, GL2    Malarcher, AM3    Zhang, L4    Mowery, P5    Nash, CM.6
  • 66
    • 85089801649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies for young and older adults: findings from a nationally representative cohort
    • Watkins SL, Thrul J, Max W, Ling PM. Real-world effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies for young and older adults: findings from a nationally representative cohort. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020; 22(9):1560-1568. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz223
    • (2020) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 1560-1568
    • Watkins, SL1    Thrul, J2    Max, W3    Ling, PM.4
  • 67
    • 85049563764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are electronic nicotine delivery systems helping cigarette smokers quit? Evidence from a prospective cohort study of US adult smokers, 2015-2016
    • Weaver SR, Huang J, Pechacek TF, Heath JW, Ashley DL, Eriksen MP. Are electronic nicotine delivery systems helping cigarette smokers quit? Evidence from a prospective cohort study of US adult smokers, 2015-2016. PLoS One. 2018;13(7): e0198047. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0198047
    • (2018) PLoS One , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. e0198047
    • Weaver, SR1    Huang, J2    Pechacek, TF3    Heath, JW4    Ashley, DL5    Eriksen, MP.6
  • 68
    • 85042557437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does electronic cigarette use predict abstinence from conventional cigarettes among smokers in Hong Kong?
    • Wu SY, Wang MP, Li WH, Kwong AC, Lai VW, Lam TH. Does electronic cigarette use predict abstinence from conventional cigarettes among smokers in Hong Kong? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018; 15(3):400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030400
    • (2018) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 400
    • Wu, SY1    Wang, MP2    Li, WH3    Kwong, AC4    Lai, VW5    Lam, TH.6
  • 69
    • 85021648121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the regulatory environment for e-cigarettes influence the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation?: Longitudinal findings from the ITC four country survey
    • Yong HH, Hitchman SC, Cummings KM, et al. Does the regulatory environment for e-cigarettes influence the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation?: Longitudinal findings from the ITC four country survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(11): 1268-1276. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx056
    • (2017) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 1268-1276
    • Yong, HH1    Hitchman, SC2    Cummings, KM3
  • 70
    • 85041412194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Documentation of e-cigarette use and associations with smoking from 2012 to 2015 in an integrated healthcare delivery system
    • Young-Wolff KC, Klebaner D, Folck B, et al. Documentation of e-cigarette use and associations with smoking from 2012 to 2015 in an integrated healthcare delivery system. Prev Med. 2018;109:113-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.01.012
    • (2018) Prev Med , vol.109 , pp. 113-118
    • Young-Wolff, KC1    Klebaner, D2    Folck, B3
  • 71
    • 85026611255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent e-cigarette use during tobacco dependence treatment in primary care settings: association with smoking cessation at three and six months
    • Zawertailo L, Pavlov D, Ivanova A, Ng G, Baliunas D, Selby P. Concurrent e-cigarette use during tobacco dependence treatment in primary care settings: association with smoking cessation at three and six months. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(2): 183-189. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw218
    • (2017) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-189
    • Zawertailo, L1    Pavlov, D2    Ivanova, A3    Ng, G4    Baliunas, D5    Selby, P.6
  • 72
    • 85021243702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longterm e-cigarette use and smoking cessation: a longitudinal study with US population
    • (suppl 1)
    • Zhuang YL, Cummins SE, Sun JY, Zhu SH. Longterm e-cigarette use and smoking cessation: a longitudinal study with US population. Tob Control. 2016;25(suppl 1):i90-i95. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053096
    • (2016) Tob Control , vol.25 , pp. i90-i95
    • Zhuang, YL1    Cummins, SE2    Sun, JY3    Zhu, SH.4
  • 73
    • 85060993093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy
    • Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, et al. A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(7):629-637. https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMoa1808779
    • (2019) N Engl J Med , vol.380 , Issue.7 , pp. 629-637
    • Hajek, P1    Phillips-Waller, A2    Przulj, D3
  • 74
    • 85089820206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized clinical trial examining the effects of instructions for electronic cigarette use on smoking-related behaviors, and biomarkers of exposure
    • Hatsukami DK, Meier E, Lindgren BR, et al. A randomized clinical trial examining the effects of instructions for electronic cigarette use on smoking-related behaviors, and biomarkers of exposure. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(9):1524- 1532. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz233
    • (2020) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 1524-1532
    • Hatsukami, DK1    Meier, E2    Lindgren, BR3
  • 75
    • 85083157786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A feasibility study with embedded pilot randomised controlled trial and process evaluation of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation in patients with periodontitis
    • Holliday R, Preshaw PM, Ryan V, et al. A feasibility study with embedded pilot randomised controlled trial and process evaluation of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation in patients with periodontitis. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2019;5(1):74. https://doi.org/10. 1186/s40814-019-0451-4
    • (2019) Pilot Feasibility Stud , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 74
    • Holliday, R1    Preshaw, PM2    Ryan, V3
  • 76
    • 85054684734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecigarettes versus nicotine patches for perioperative smoking cessation: a pilot randomized trial
    • Lee SM, Tenney R, Wallace AW, Arjomandi M. Ecigarettes versus nicotine patches for perioperative smoking cessation: a pilot randomized trial. PeerJ. 2018;6:e5609. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5609
    • (2018) PeerJ , vol.6 , pp. e5609
    • Lee, SM1    Tenney, R2    Wallace, AW3    Arjomandi, M.4
  • 77
    • 85069824521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of electronic cigarettes on smoking reduction and cessation in Korean male smokers: a randomized controlled study
    • Lee SH, Ahn SH, Cheong YS. Effect of electronic cigarettes on smoking reduction and cessation in Korean male smokers: a randomized controlled study. J Am Board Fam Med. 2019;32(4):567-574. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2019.04.180384
    • (2019) J Am Board Fam Med , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 567-574
    • Lee, SH1    Ahn, SH2    Cheong, YS.3
  • 78
    • 80054997769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence - imprecision
    • Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, et al. GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence - imprecision. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(12):1283-1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.012
    • (2011) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.64 , Issue.12 , pp. 1283-1293
    • Guyatt, GH1    Oxman, AD2    Kunz, R3
  • 79
    • 84901022933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Authors' response
    • Choi K, Forster JL. Authors' response. Am J Prev Med. 2014;46(6):e58-e59. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.amepre.2014.02.013
    • (2014) Am J Prev Med , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. e58-e59
    • Choi, K1    Forster, JL.2
  • 80
    • 85055075361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction [erratum in Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(4):579-584]
    • Alzahrani T, Pena I, Temesgen N, Glantz SA. Association between electronic cigarette use and myocardial infarction [erratum in Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(4):579-584]. Am J Prev Med. 2018;55(4): 455-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018. 05.004
    • (2018) Am J Prev Med , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 455-461
    • Alzahrani, T1    Pena, I2    Temesgen, N3    Glantz, SA.4
  • 81
    • 85062536671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between ecigarette use and myocardial infarction is what one would expect based on the biological and clinical evidence
    • Alzahrani T, Glantz SA. The association between ecigarette use and myocardial infarction is what one would expect based on the biological and clinical evidence. Am J Prev Med. 2019;56(4):627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.11.006
    • (2019) Am J Prev Med , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 627
    • Alzahrani, T1    Glantz, SA.2
  • 82
    • 85072226880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adding data from 2015 strengthens the association between e-cigarette use and myocardial infarction
    • Alzahrani T, Glantz SA. Adding data from 2015 strengthens the association between e-cigarette use and myocardial infarction. Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(4):569-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. amepre.2019.03.008
    • (2019) Am J Prev Med , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 569-571
    • Alzahrani, T1    Glantz, SA.2
  • 83
    • 85066238857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between e-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease among never and current combustible-cigarette smokers
    • e2
    • Osei AD, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, et al. Association between e-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease among never and current combustible-cigarette smokers. Am J Med. 2019; 132(8):949-954.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. amjmed.2019.02.016
    • (2019) Am J Med , vol.132 , Issue.8 , pp. 949-954
    • Osei, AD1    Mirbolouk, M2    Orimoloye, OA3
  • 84
    • 85077316802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of e-cigarette use with respiratory disease among adults: a longitudinal analysis
    • Bhatta DN, Glantz SA. Association of e-cigarette use with respiratory disease among adults: a longitudinal analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2020;58(2): 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019. 07.028
    • (2020) Am J Prev Med , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 182-190
    • Bhatta, DN1    Glantz, SA.2
  • 85
    • 85100280546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use and respiratory disorder: converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies
    • 2020:; epub ahead of print November 5, 2020
    • Wills T, Soneji S, Choi K, Jaspers I, Tam E. E-cigarette use and respiratory disorder: converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies. Eur Respir J. 2020:1901815; epub ahead of print November 5, 2020. https:// doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01815-2019
    • Eur Respir J , pp. 1901815
    • Wills, T1    Soneji, S2    Choi, K3    Jaspers, I4    Tam, E.5
  • 86
    • 85061386050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deregulation of biologically significant genes and associated molecular pathways in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette users
    • Tommasi S, Caliri AW, Caceres A, et al. Deregulation of biologically significant genes and associated molecular pathways in the oral epithelium of electronic cigarette users. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(3):738. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms20030738
    • (2019) Int J Mol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 738
    • Tommasi, S1    Caliri, AW2    Caceres, A3
  • 87
    • 85059794824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017-2018 - US national estimates
    • Miech R, Johnston L, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Patrick ME. Adolescent vaping and nicotine use in 2017-2018 - US national estimates. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):192-193. https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMc1814130
    • (2019) N Engl J Med , vol.380 , Issue.2 , pp. 192-193
    • Miech, R1    Johnston, L2    O'Malley, PM3    Bachman, JG4    Patrick, ME.5
  • 88
    • 85074565835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavors of e-cigarettes used by youths in the United States
    • Leventhal AM, Miech R, Barrington-Trimis J, Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Patrick ME. Flavors of e-cigarettes used by youths in the United States. JAMA. 2019;322(21):2132-2134. https://doi.org/ 10.1001/jama.2019.17968
    • (2019) JAMA , vol.322 , Issue.21 , pp. 2132-2134
    • Leventhal, AM1    Miech, R2    Barrington-Trimis, J3    Johnston, LD4    O'Malley, PM5    Patrick, ME.6
  • 89
    • 84982835423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes, cigarettes, and the prevalence of adolescent tobacco use
    • Barrington-Trimis JL, Urman R, Leventhal AM, et al. E-cigarettes, cigarettes, and the prevalence of adolescent tobacco use. Pediatrics. 2016;138(2): e20153983. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015- 3983
    • (2016) Pediatrics , vol.138 , Issue.2 , pp. e20153983
    • Barrington-Trimis, JL1    Urman, R2    Leventhal, AM3
  • 90
    • 85010675279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes and national adolescent cigarette use: 2004-2014
    • Dutra LM, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes and national adolescent cigarette use: 2004-2014. Pediatrics. 2017;139(2):e20162450. https://doi.org/10.1542/ peds.2016-2450
    • (2017) Pediatrics , vol.139 , Issue.2 , pp. e20162450
    • Dutra, LM1    Glantz, SA.2
  • 91
    • 85097799481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of e-cigarette use on cigarette smoking among US youth, 2004-2018
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Creamer MR, Dutra LM, Sharapova SR, et al. Effects of e-cigarette use on cigarette smoking among US youth, 2004-2018. Prev Med. 2020; Epub ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ypmed.2020.106316
    • (2020) Prev Med
    • Creamer, MR1    Dutra, LM2    Sharapova, SR3
  • 92
    • 85084119245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JUUL and combusted cigarettes comparably impair endothelial function
    • Rao P, Liu J, Springer ML. JUUL and combusted cigarettes comparably impair endothelial function. Tob Regul Sci. 2020;6(1):30-37. https:// doi.org/10.18001/TRS.6.1.4
    • (2020) Tob Regul Sci , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-37
    • Rao, P1    Liu, J2    Springer, ML.3
  • 93
    • 85072775862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes [erratum in BMJ. 2019;367:l5980]?
    • Gotts JE, Jordt SE, McConnell R, Tarran R. What are the respiratory effects of e-cigarettes [erratum in BMJ. 2019;367:l5980]? BMJ. 2019; 366:l5275. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmj.l5275
    • (2019) BMJ , vol.366 , pp. l5275
    • Gotts, JE1    Jordt, SE2    McConnell, R3    Tarran, R.4
  • 94
    • 85073617013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update: interim guidance for health care providers evaluating and caring for patients with suspected e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury - United States, October 2019
    • Siegel DA, Jatlaoui TC, Koumans EH, et al. Update: interim guidance for health care providers evaluating and caring for patients with suspected e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury - United States, October 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(41): 919-927. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr. mm6841e3
    • (2019) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.68 , Issue.41 , pp. 919-927
    • Siegel, DA1    Jatlaoui, TC2    Koumans, EH3
  • 95
    • 85073755341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroniccigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice [erratum in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(45): 22884]
    • Tang MS, Wu XR, Lee HW, et al. Electroniccigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice [erratum in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(45): 22884]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(43): 21727-21731. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas. 1911321116
    • (2019) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.116 , Issue.43 , pp. 21727-21731
    • Tang, MS1    Wu, XR2    Lee, HW3
  • 96
    • 85079057744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypomethylation of LINE-1 repeat elements and global loss of DNA hydroxymethylation in vapers and smokers
    • Caliri AW, Caceres A, Tommasi S, Besaratinia A. Hypomethylation of LINE-1 repeat elements and global loss of DNA hydroxymethylation in vapers and smokers. Epigenetics. 2020;15(8): 816-829. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592294. 2020.1724401
    • (2020) Epigenetics , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 816-829
    • Caliri, AW1    Caceres, A2    Tommasi, S3    Besaratinia, A.4
  • 97
    • 85061580832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes to assist with smoking cessation
    • Borrelli B, O'Connor GT. E-cigarettes to assist with smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380(7):678-679. https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMe1816406
    • (2019) N Engl J Med , vol.380 , Issue.7 , pp. 678-679
    • Borrelli, B1    O'Connor, GT.2
  • 98
    • 85102523363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Accessed December 22, 2019
    • Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research application number NDA 20-714 approval letter. 1997. Available at: https:// www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/ 97/20714_NICOTROL%20INHALER%2010MG, % 20CARTRIDE_APPROV.PDF. Accessed December 22, 2019.
    • (1997) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research application number NDA 20-714 approval letter
  • 99
    • 84879803885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias - an updated review
    • Dwan K, Gamble C, Williamson PR, Kirkham JJ; Reporting Bias G. Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias - an updated review. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e66844. https://doi.org/10. 1371/journal.pone.0066844
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. e66844
    • Dwan, K1    Gamble, C2    Williamson, PR3    Kirkham, JJ4    Reporting Bias, G.5
  • 100
    • 85080947267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed February 8, 2020
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General. 2020. Available at: https://www.hhs.gov/sites/ default/files/2020-cessation-sgr-full-report.pdf. Accessed February 8, 2020.
    • (2020) Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.