메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-314

Urban energy systems: An integrated approach

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85087715139     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203066782     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (25)

References (588)
  • 1
    • 78649675912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techno-economical tradeoffs from embedded technologies with storage capabilities on electric and gas distribution networks
    • Minneapolis, MN: IEEE
    • Acha, S., Green, T.C. and Shah, N. (2010) ‘Techno-economical tradeoffs from embedded technologies with storage capabilities on electric and gas distribution networks’. In IEEE PES 2010. Minneapolis, MN: IEEE.
    • (2010) IEEE PES 2010
    • Acha, S.1    Green, T.C.2    Shah, N.3
  • 2
    • 79958010860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal charging strategies of electric vehicles in the UK power market
    • Anaheim, CA: IEEE PES
    • Acha, S., Green, T.C. and Shah, N. (2011a) ‘Optimal charging strategies of electric vehicles in the UK power market’. In Proceedings of ISGT 2011. Anaheim, CA: IEEE PES.
    • (2011) Proceedings of ISGT 2011
    • Acha, S.1    Green, T.C.2    Shah, N.3
  • 6
    • 0043226745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of a district heating network through thermoeconomic approach
    • Adamo, L., Cammarata, G., Fichera, A. and Marletta, L. (1997) ‘Improvement of a district heating network through thermoeconomic approach’. Renewable Energy, 10(2-3): 213-216.
    • (1997) Renewable Energy , vol.10 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 213-216
    • Adamo, L.1    Cammarata, G.2    Fichera, A.3    Marletta, L.4
  • 9
    • 77949485409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-objective planning of distributed energy resources: A review of the state-of-the-art
    • Alarcon-Rodriguez, A., Ault, G. and Galloway, S. (2010) ‘Multi-objective planning of distributed energy resources: A review of the state-of-the-art’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(5): 1353-1366.
    • (2010) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 1353-1366
    • Alarcon-Rodriguez, A.1    Ault, G.2    Galloway, S.3
  • 10
    • 0009793534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated urban development and ecological simulation model5
    • Alberti, M. and Waddell, P. (2000) ‘An integrated urban development and ecological simulation model5. Integrated Assessment, 1: 215-227.
    • (2000) Integrated Assessment , vol.1 , pp. 215-227
    • Alberti, M.1    Waddell, P.2
  • 13
    • 0003921338 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge: Harvard University Press
    • Alonso, W. (1964) Location and Land Use. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    • (1964) Location and Land Use
    • Alonso, W.1
  • 14
    • 76449103960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact analysis of carbon tax on the renewal planning of energy supply system for an office building
    • Amano, Y., Ito, K., Yoshida, S., Matsuo, K., Hashizume, T., Favrat, D. and Maréchal, F. (2010) ‘Impact analysis of carbon tax on the renewal planning of energy supply system for an office building’. Energy, 35(2): 1040-1046.
    • (2010) Energy , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 1040-1046
    • Amano, Y.1    Ito, K.2    Yoshida, S.3    Matsuo, K.4    Hashizume, T.5    Favrat, D.6    Maréchal, F.7
  • 16
    • 0026380248 scopus 로고
    • An integrated model of residential and employment location in a metropolitan region
    • Anderstig, C. and Mattsson, L.G. (1991) ‘An integrated model of residential and employment location in a metropolitan region’. Papers in Regional Science, 70(2): 167-184.
    • (1991) Papers in Regional Science , vol.70 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-184
    • Anderstig, C.1    Mattsson, L.G.2
  • 17
    • 0003742342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ALBATROSS system
    • edited by T. Arentze and H. Timmermans, Eindhoven, NL: European Institute of Retailing and Services Studies
    • Arentze, T. and Timmermans, H. (2000) ‘The ALBATROSS system’. In ALBATROSS: A Learning Based Transportation Oriented Simulation System, edited by T. Arentze and H. Timmermans, pp. 81-107. Eindhoven, NL: European Institute of Retailing and Services Studies.
    • (2000) ALBATROSS: A Learning Based Transportation Oriented Simulation System , pp. 81-107
    • Arentze, T.1    Timmermans, H.2
  • 18
    • 4043117812 scopus 로고
    • The end of the long hot summer: The air conditioner and Southern culture
    • Arsenault, R. (1984) ‘The end of the long hot summer: The air conditioner and Southern culture’. The Journal of Southern History, 50(4): 597-628.
    • (1984) The Journal of Southern History , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 597-628
    • Arsenault, R.1
  • 19
    • 84860240467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Arup, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group
    • Arup (2011) Climate Action in Megacities: C40 Cities Baseline and Opportunities. Technical report, Arup, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. http://www.arup.eom/~/media/Files/PDF/Publications/Research_and_whitepapers/ArupC40ClimateActionInMegacities.ashx.
    • (2011) Climate Action in Megacities: C40 Cities Baseline and Opportunities
  • 21
    • 0031722096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward green mobility: The evolution of transport
    • Ausubel, J.H., Marchetti, C. and Meyer, P.S. (1998) ‘Toward green mobility: The evolution of transport”. European Review, 6(2): 137.
    • (1998) European Review , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 137
    • Ausubel, J.H.1    Marchetti, C.2    Meyer, P.S.3
  • 22
    • 0001639995 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary economics and environmental imperatives. Structural Change and Economic
    • Ayers, R. (1991) ‘Evolutionary economics and environmental imperatives’. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2(2): 255-275.
    • (1991) Dynamics , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-275
    • Ayers, R.1
  • 24
    • 3142535171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A citys metabolism: Towards the sustainable development of urban energy systems
    • Baccini, P. (1997) ‘A city’s metabolism: Towards the sustainable development of urban energy systems’. Journal of Urban Technology, 4(2): 27-39.
    • (1997) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 27-39
    • Baccini, P.1
  • 25
    • 33845800422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban energy generation: Influence of micro-wind turbine output on electricity consumption in buildings
    • Bahaj, A., Myers, L. and James, P. (2007) ‘Urban energy generation: Influence of micro-wind turbine output on electricity consumption in buildings’. Energy and Buildings, 39(2): 154-165.
    • (2007) Energy and Buildings , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 154-165
    • Bahaj, A.1    Myers, L.2    James, P.3
  • 26
    • 85087689064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 19 June 2012
    • Bai, X. (2007) ‘China’s solar-powered city’. Accessed: 19 June 2012. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2007/05/chinas-solar-powered-city-48605.
    • (2007) China’s Solar-Powered City
    • Bai, X.1
  • 29
    • 38849147832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sustainable mobility paradigm
    • Banister, D. (2008) ‘The sustainable mobility paradigm’. Transport Policy, 15(2): 73-80.
    • (2008) Transport Policy , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-80
    • Banister, D.1
  • 31
    • 0037599597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling dynamic spatial processes: Simulation of urban future scenarios through cellular automata
    • Barredo, J.I., Kasanko, M., McCormick, N. and Lavalle, C. (2003) ‘Modelling dynamic spatial processes: Simulation of urban future scenarios through cellular automata’. Landscape and Urban Planning, 64(3): 145-160.
    • (2003) Landscape and Urban Planning , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 145-160
    • Barredo, J.I.1    Kasanko, M.2    McCormick, N.3    Lavalle, C.4
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0038722005 scopus 로고
    • Modelling cities as dynamic systems
    • Batty, M. (1971) ‘Modelling cities as dynamic systems’. Nature, 231(5303): 425-28.
    • (1971) Nature , vol.231 , Issue.5303 , pp. 425-428
    • Batty, M.1
  • 36
    • 23644440417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agents, cells, and cities: New representational models for simulating multiscale urban dynamics
    • Batty, M. (2005) ‘Agents, cells, and cities: New representational models for simulating multiscale urban dynamics’. Environment and Planning A, 37(8): 1373-1394.
    • (2005) Environment and Planning A , vol.37 , Issue.8 , pp. 1373-1394
    • Batty, M.1
  • 37
    • 33845256049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rank clocks
    • Batty, M. (2006) ‘Rank clocks’. Nature, 444(7119): 592-596.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , Issue.7119 , pp. 592-596
    • Batty, M.1
  • 39
    • 68349125669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cities as complex systems: Scaling, interactions, networks, dynamics and urban morphologies
    • Batty, M. (2008) ‘Cities as complex systems: Scaling, interactions, networks, dynamics and urban morphologies’. UCL Working Paper Series, 131: 0-62.
    • (2008) UCL Working Paper Series , vol.131 , pp. 0-62
    • Batty, M.1
  • 40
    • 0033400235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling urban dynamics through GIS-based cellular automata
    • Batty, M., Xie, Y. and Sun, Z. (1999) ‘Modeling urban dynamics through GIS-based cellular automata’. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 23(3): 205-233.
    • (1999) Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 205-233
    • Batty, M.1    Xie, Y.2    Sun, Z.3
  • 42
    • 84866485836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 18 June 2012
    • BEE (2008) ‘Status of biomass resource assessments’. Accessed: 18 June 2012. http://www.eu-bee.com/default.asp?sivuID=24352.
    • (2008) Status of Biomass Resource Assessments
  • 43
    • 49049149339 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the potential demand for electric cars
    • Beggs, S., Cardell, S. and Hausman, J. (1981) ‘Assessing the potential demand for electric cars’. Journal of Econometrics, 17(1): 1-19.
    • (1981) Journal of Econometrics , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-19
    • Beggs, S.1    Cardell, S.2    Hausman, J.3
  • 44
    • 0028351109 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory function in nonsmoking rural Indian women using different cooking fuels
    • Beherc, D., Jindal, S. and Malhotrd, H. (1994) ‘Ventilatory function in nonsmoking rural Indian women using different cooking fuels’. Respiration, 61(2): 89-92.
    • (1994) Respiration , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-92
    • Beherc, D.1    Jindal, S.2    Malhotrd, H.3
  • 45
    • 85087722509 scopus 로고
    • Reference energy system methodology
    • Uphaven, NY: Brookhaven National Laboratory
    • Beller, M. (1976) ‘Reference energy system methodology,. In 81st National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Uphaven, NY: Brookhaven National Laboratory. http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/7191575-SyhUpT/7191575.pdf.
    • (1976) 81St National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers
    • Beller, M.1
  • 46
    • 0029308658 scopus 로고
    • Operational optimization in a district heating system
    • Benonysson, A., Bøhm, B. and Ravn, H.F. (1995) ‘Operational optimization in a district heating system”. Energy Conversion and Management, 36(5): 297-314.
    • (1995) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 297-314
    • Benonysson, A.1    Bøhm, B.2    Ravn, H.F.3
  • 48
    • 85087704372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • Berg, N. (2011) ‘Defining cities in a metropolitan world’. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.theatlanticcities.com/neighborhoods/2011/09/defining-cities-metropolitan-world/102/.
    • (2011) Defining Cities in a Metropolitan World
    • Berg, N.1
  • 49
    • 75749152045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for 2nd generation biofuels in EU-co-firing to stimulate feedstock supply development and process integration to improve energy efficiency and economic competitiveness
    • Berndes, G., Hansson, J., Egeskog, A. and Johnssons, F. (2010) ‘Strategies for 2nd generation biofuels in EU-co-firing to stimulate feedstock supply development and process integration to improve energy efficiency and economic competitiveness’. Biomass a-nd Bioenergy, 34(2): 227-236.
    • (2010) Biomass A-Nd Bioenergy , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-236
    • Berndes, G.1    Hansson, J.2    Egeskog, A.3    Johnssons, F.4
  • 50
    • 0038713359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: A review of 17 studies
    • Berndes, G., Hoogwijk, M. and Richard, V.D.B. (2003) ‘The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: A review of 17 studies’. Biomass and Bioenergy, 25(1): 1-28.
    • (2003) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-28
    • Berndes, G.1    Hoogwijk, M.2    Richard, V.D.B.3
  • 54
    • 84864034973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Accenture
    • Better Buildings Partnership (2010) Low Carbon Retrofit Toolkit: A Roadmap to Success. Technical report, Accenture. http://www.betterbuildingspartnership.co.uk/download/bbp-low-carbon-retrofit-toolkit.pdf.
    • (2010) Low Carbon Retrofit Toolkit: A Roadmap to Success
  • 55
    • 19944422447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive econometric microsimulator for daily activity-travel patterns
    • Bhat, C., Guo, J., Srinivasan, S. and Sivakumar, A. (2004) ‘A comprehensive econometric microsimulator for daily activity-travel patterns’. Transportation Research Record, 1894: 57-66.
    • (2004) Transportation Research Record , vol.1894 , pp. 57-66
    • Bhat, C.1    Guo, J.2    Srinivasan, S.3    Sivakumar, A.4
  • 57
    • 28244486117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investment criteria for the selection of cogeneration plants-a state of the art review
    • Biezma, M. and Cristobal, J. (2006) ‘Investment criteria for the selection of cogeneration plants-a state of the art review’. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(5-6): 583-588.
    • (2006) Applied Thermal Engineering , vol.26 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 583-588
    • Biezma, M.1    Cristobal, J.2
  • 59
    • 0036239414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solving Real-World Linear Programs: A Decade and More of Progress
    • Bixby, R.E. (2002) ‘Solving Real-World Linear Programs: A Decade and More of Progress’. INFORMS, 50(1): 3-15.
    • (2002) INFORMS , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-15
    • Bixby, R.E.1
  • 60
    • 0034273553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mixed 0-1 sequential linear programming optimization of heat distribution in a district-heating system
    • Bojic, M., Trifunovic, N. and Gustafsson, S.I. (2000) ‘Mixed 0-1 sequential linear programming optimization of heat distribution in a district-heating system’. Energy and Buildings, 32(3): 309-317.
    • (2000) Energy and Buildings , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 309-317
    • Bojic, M.1    Trifunovic, N.2    Gustafsson, S.I.3
  • 61
    • 84859333029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed generation: An introduction
    • edited by A. Borbely and J. Kreider, chapter 1, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Borbely, A. and Kreider, J. (2001) ‘Distributed generation: An introduction’. In Distributed Generation: The Power Paradigm of the New Millennium, edited by A. Borbely and J. Kreider, chapter 1, pp. 1-52. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
    • (2001) Distributed Generation: The Power Paradigm of The New Millennium , pp. 1-52
    • Borbely, A.1    Kreider, J.2
  • 62
    • 0030069312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable urban energy-environment management with multiple objectives
    • Bose, R.K. and Anandalingam, G. (1996) ‘Sustainable urban energy-environment management with multiple objectives’. Energy, 21(4): 305-318.
    • (1996) Energy , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 305-318
    • Bose, R.K.1    Anandalingam, G.2
  • 65
    • 34248508120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Building Research Establishment
    • BRE (2006) Conventions for U value calculations. Technical report, Building Research Establishment. http://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/pdf/rpts/BR_443_%282006_Edition%29.pdf.
    • (2006) Conventions for U Value Calculations
  • 66
    • 77649298944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Building Research Establishment
    • BRE (2008) GB domestic energy fact file 2008. Technical report, Building Research Establishment. http://www.bre.co.uk/filelibrary/pdf/rpts/Fact_File_2008.pdf.
    • (2008) GB Domestic Energy Fact File 2008
  • 67
    • 0036708050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A techno-economic comparison of power production by biomass fast pyrolysis with gasification and combustion
    • Bridgwater, A.V., Toft, A.J. and Brammer, J.G. (2002) ‘A techno-economic comparison of power production by biomass fast pyrolysis with gasification and combustion’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 6(3): 181-246.
    • (2002) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 181-246
    • Bridgwater, A.V.1    Toft, A.J.2    Brammer, J.G.3
  • 68
    • 80455136103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass and
    • March
    • Bridgwater, A.V. (2011) ‘Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading’. Biomass and Bioenergy, 38(March): 1-27.
    • (2011) Bioenergy , vol.38 , pp. 1-27
    • Bridgwater, A.V.1
  • 71
    • 0002030591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transactions choice model for forecasting demand for alternative-fuel vehicles
    • Brownstone, D., Bunch, D.S., Golob, T.F. and Ren, W. (1996) ‘A transactions choice model for forecasting demand for alternative-fuel vehicles’. Research in Transportation Economics, 4: 87-129.
    • (1996) Research in Transportation Economics , vol.4 , pp. 87-129
    • Brownstone, D.1    Bunch, D.S.2    Golob, T.F.3    Ren, W.4
  • 72
    • 21144444172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable cities: Modelling urban energy supply and demand
    • Brownsword, R.A., Fleming, P.D., Powell, J.C. and Pearsall, N. (2005) ‘Sustainable cities: Modelling urban energy supply and demand’. Applied Energy, 82(2): 167-180.
    • (2005) Applied Energy , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-180
    • Brownsword, R.A.1    Fleming, P.D.2    Powell, J.C.3    Pearsall, N.4
  • 73
    • 0033822964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor air pollution in developing countries: A major environmental and public health challenge
    • Bruce, N., Perez-Padilla, R. and Albalak, R. (2000) ‘Indoor air pollution in developing countries: A major environmental and public health challenge”. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(9): 1078-1092.
    • (2000) Bulletin of the World Health Organization , vol.78 , Issue.9 , pp. 1078-1092
    • Bruce, N.1    Perez-Padilla, R.2    Albalak, R.3
  • 74
    • 0030849866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition and synergy between energy technologies in municipal energy systems
    • Bruckner, T., Groscurth, H. and Kümmel, R. (1997) ‘Competition and synergy between energy technologies in municipal energy systems’. Energy, 22(10): 1005-1014.
    • (1997) Energy , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 1005-1014
    • Bruckner, T.1    Groscurth, H.2    Kümmel, R.3
  • 75
    • 0037273123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution modeling of energy-services supply systems using decco: Overview and application to policy development
    • Bruckner, T., Morrison, R., Handley, C. and Patterson, M. (2003) ‘High-resolution modeling of energy-services supply systems using decco: Overview and application to policy development’. Annals of Operations Research, 121: 151-180.
    • (2003) Annals of Operations Research , vol.121 , pp. 151-180
    • Bruckner, T.1    Morrison, R.2    Handley, C.3    Patterson, M.4
  • 78
    • 26844444674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No dead air! the iPod and the culture of mobile listening
    • Bull, M. (2005) ‘No dead air! the iPod and the culture of mobile listening’. Leisure Studies, 24(4): 343-355.
    • (2005) Leisure Studies , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 343-355
    • Bull, M.1
  • 79
    • 84864048676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 12 June 2012
    • C40 Cities (2011) ‘C40 cities: Climate leadership group’. Accessed: 12 June 2012. http://www.c40cities.org.
    • (2011) C40 Cities: Climate Leadership Group
  • 80
    • 50849094193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smarter choices: Assessing the potential to achieve traffic reduction using “soft measures
    • Cairns, S., Sloman, L., Newson, C., Anable, J., Kirkbride, A. and Goodwin, P. (2008) ‘Smarter choices: Assessing the potential to achieve traffic reduction using “soft measures”’. Transport Reviews, 28(5): 593-618.
    • (2008) Transport Reviews , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 593-618
    • Cairns, S.1    Sloman, L.2    Newson, C.3    Anable, J.4    Kirkbride, A.5    Goodwin, P.6
  • 81
    • 0022268654 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the demand for electric automobiles using fully disaggregated probabilistic choice analysis
    • Calfee, J.E. (1985) ‘Estimating the demand for electric automobiles using fully disaggregated probabilistic choice analysis’. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 19(4): 287-301.
    • (1985) Transportation Research Part B: Methodological , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 287-301
    • Calfee, J.E.1
  • 85
    • 78650538319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cogeneration planning under uncertainty. Part II: Decision theory-based assessment of planning alternatives
    • Carpaneto, E., Chicco, G., Mancarella, P. and Russo, A. (2011) ‘Cogeneration planning under uncertainty. Part II: Decision theory-based assessment of planning alternatives’. Applied Energy, 88(4): 1075-1083.
    • (2011) Applied Energy , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 1075-1083
    • Carpaneto, E.1    Chicco, G.2    Mancarella, P.3    Russo, A.4
  • 86
    • 77956174636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining individuals preferences for hybrid electric and alternatively fuelled vehicles
    • Caulfield, B., Farrell, S. and McMahon, B. (2010) ‘Examining individuals preferences for hybrid electric and alternatively fuelled vehicles’. Transport Policy, 17(6): 381-387.
    • (2010) Transport Policy , vol.17 , Issue.6 , pp. 381-387
    • Caulfield, B.1    Farrell, S.2    McMahon, B.3
  • 87
    • 85087696749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • CCC (2008) ‘Power’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.theccc.org.uk/sectors/power.
    • (2008) Power
  • 89
    • 12744276097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Debating the future of comfort: Environmental sustainability, energy consumption and the indoor environment
    • Chappells, H. and Shove, E. (2005) ‘Debating the future of comfort: Environmental sustainability, energy consumption and the indoor environment’. Building Research & Information, 33(1): 32-40.
    • (2005) Building Research & Information , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-40
    • Chappells, H.1    Shove, E.2
  • 91
    • 23844518691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental assessment of biogas co- or tri-generation units by life cycle analysis methodology
    • Chevalier, C. and Meunier, F. (2005) ‘Environmental assessment of biogas co- or tri-generation units by life cycle analysis methodology’. Applied Thermal Engineering, 25(17-18): 3025-3041.
    • (2005) Applied Thermal Engineering , vol.25 , Issue.17-18 , pp. 3025-3041
    • Chevalier, C.1    Meunier, F.2
  • 92
    • 33244464752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From cogeneration to trigeneration: Profitable alternatives in a competitive market
    • Chicco, G. and Mancarella, P. (2006) ‘From cogeneration to trigeneration: Profitable alternatives in a competitive market’. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 21(1): 265-272.
    • (2006) IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 265-272
    • Chicco, G.1    Mancarella, P.2
  • 93
    • 35649006112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trigeneration primary energy saving evaluation for energy planning and policy development
    • Chicco, G. and Mancarella, P. (2007) ‘Trigeneration primary energy saving evaluation for energy planning and policy development’. Energy Policy, 35(12): 6132-6144.
    • (2007) Energy Policy , vol.35 , Issue.12 , pp. 6132-6144
    • Chicco, G.1    Mancarella, P.2
  • 94
    • 38749134082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Part I: Models and indicators
    • Chicco, G. and Mancarella, P. (2008a) ‘Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Part I: Models and indicators. Energy, 33(3): 410-417.
    • (2008) Energy , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-417
    • Chicco, G.1    Mancarella, P.2
  • 95
    • 44249094150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unified model for energy and environmental performance assessment of natural gas-fueled poly-generation systems
    • Chicco, G. and Mancarella, P. (2008b) ‘A unified model for energy and environmental performance assessment of natural gas-fueled poly-generation systems’. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(8): 2069-2077.
    • (2008) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 2069-2077
    • Chicco, G.1    Mancarella, P.2
  • 96
    • 58749098949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed multi-generation: A comprehensive view. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
    • Chicco, G. and Mancarella, P. (2009a) ‘Distributed multi-generation: A comprehensive view’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(3): 535-551.
    • (2009) Reviews , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 535-551
    • Chicco, G.1    Mancarella, P.2
  • 97
    • 61549122075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix modelling of small-scale trigeneration systems and application to operational optimization
    • Chicco, G. and Mancarella, P. (2009b) ‘Matrix modelling of small-scale trigeneration systems and application to operational optimization’. Energy, 34(3): 261-273.
    • (2009) Energy , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 261-273
    • Chicco, G.1    Mancarella, P.2
  • 98
    • 4444289304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffused introduction of organic rankine cycle for biomass-based power generation in an industrial district: A systems analysis
    • Chinese, D., Meneghetti, A. and Nardin, G. (2004) ‘Diffused introduction of organic rankine cycle for biomass-based power generation in an industrial district: A systems analysis”. International Journal of Energy Research, 28(11): 1003-1021.
    • (2004) International Journal of Energy Research , vol.28 , Issue.11 , pp. 1003-1021
    • Chinese, D.1    Meneghetti, A.2    Nardin, G.3
  • 99
    • 77955710386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in heat pump systems: A review
    • Chua, K., Chou, S. and Yang, W. (2010) ‘Advances in heat pump systems: A review”. Applied Energy, 87(12): 3611-3624.
    • (2010) Applied Energy , vol.87 , Issue.12 , pp. 3611-3624
    • Chua, K.1    Chou, S.2    Yang, W.3
  • 100
    • 33644527249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: The Chartered Institution of Building Service Engineers
    • CIBSE (2004) CIBSE Guide F: Energy Efficiency in Buildings. London: The Chartered Institution of Building Service Engineers.
    • (2004) CIBSE Guide F: Energy Efficiency in Buildings
  • 101
    • 85087723946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • City of Baltimore (2008) ‘Planning/comprehensive master plan’. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.baltimorecity.gov/Government/AgenciesDepartments/Planning/ComprehensiveMasterPlan.aspx.
    • (2008) Planning/Comprehensive Master Plan
  • 102
    • 0042566259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Chartered Institute of Wastes Management, Best Foot Forward, Northampton
    • CIWM (2002) A Resource Flow and Ecological Footprint Analysis of Greater London. Technical report, Chartered Institute of Wastes Management, Best Foot Forward, Northampton.
    • (2002) A Resource Flow and Ecological Footprint Analysis of Greater London
  • 103
    • 0032447095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore
    • Clarke, K.C. and Gaydos, L.J. (1998) ‘Loose-coupling a cellular automaton model and GIS: Long-term urban growth prediction for San Francisco and Washington/Baltimore’. International Journal for Geographical Information Science, 12(7): 699-714.
    • (1998) International Journal for Geographical Information Science , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 699-714
    • Clarke, K.C.1    Gaydos, L.J.2
  • 104
    • 84925397531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Climate Policy Initiative
    • Climate Policy Initiative (2011) Drivers of Thermal Retrofit Decisions-A Survey of German Single-and Two-Family Houses. Technical report, Climate Policy Initiative. http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Drivers-of-Thermal-Retrofit-Decisions-A-Survey.pdf.
    • (2011) Drivers of Thermal Retrofit Decisions-a Survey of German Single-And Two-Family Houses
  • 110
    • 84876568393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012
    • Copenhagen Energy (2009) ‘Copenhagen district heating system’. Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012. http://www.copenhagenenergysummit.org/applications/Copenhagen, Denmark-DistrictEnergyClimate Award.pdf.
    • (2009) Copenhagen District Heating System
  • 111
    • 85018009699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copenhagen, DK: Centralkommunernes Transmissionsselskab I/S
    • CTR (2004) The Main District Heating Network in Copenhagen. Copenhagen, DK: Centralkommunernes Transmissionsselskab I/S. http://www.ctr.dk/Images/Publikationer/Themaindistrictheatingnetworkin cph-UK.pdf.
    • (2004) The Main District Heating Network in Copenhagen
  • 112
    • 84868113535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copenhagen, DK: Centralkommunernes Transmissionsselskab I/S
    • CTR (2009) CTR Annual Report and Financial Statements 2009. Copenhagen, DK: Centralkommunernes Transmissionsselskab I/S. http://www.ctr.dk/Images/%C3%85rsberetninger/Aarsberetning_2009_Engelsk.pdf.
    • (2009) CTR Annual Report and Financial Statements 2009
  • 115
    • 85087688520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • Danish Energy Saving Trust (2011) ‘Installing district heating’ Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.savingtrust.dk/consumer/products/indoor-climate/district-heating/conversion-to-district-heating.
    • (2011) Installing District Heating
  • 117
    • 0000813562 scopus 로고
    • Linear programming under uncertainty
    • Dantzig, G.B. (1955) ‘Linear programming under uncertainty’. Management Science, 1: 197-206.
    • (1955) Management Science , vol.1 , pp. 197-206
    • Dantzig, G.B.1
  • 120
    • 0031815630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rural household energy consumption
    • Davis, M. (1998) ‘Rural household energy consumption’. Energy Policy, 26(3): 207-217.
    • (1998) Energy Policy , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-217
    • Davis, M.1
  • 121
    • 84929045112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • DCLG (2011) ‘Live tables on dwelling stock (including vacants)’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingstatistics/housingstatisticsby/stockincludingvacants/livetables/.
    • (2011) Live Tables on Dwelling Stock (Including Vacants)
  • 122
    • 85087694860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • DEA (2011) ‘Heat supply: Goals and means over the years’. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.ens.dk/EN-US/SUPPLY/HEAT/GOALS_AND_MEANS/Sider/Forside.aspx.
    • (2011) Heat Supply: Goals and Means over the Years
  • 123
    • 85018022603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • DECC (2008) ‘Total final energy consumption at sub-national level’. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www. decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/regional/total_final/total_final.aspx.
    • (2008) Total Final Energy Consumption at Sub-National Level
  • 124
    • 77956303351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Dept of Energy and Climate Change, London, http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/whatwedo/ukenergysupply/energymarkets/gas_markets/nonconventional/1_20091229125543_e_@@_biomethaneguidance.pdf
    • DECC (2009) Biomethane into the Gas Network: A Guide for Producers. Technical report, Dept of Energy and Climate Change, London. http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/whatwedo/ukenergysupply/energymarkets/gas_markets/nonconventional/1_20091229125543_e_@@_biomethaneguidance.pdf.
    • (2009) Biomethane into the Gas Network: A Guide for Producers
  • 125
    • 0004012296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Dept of Energy and Climate Change, London
    • DECC (2011a) Digest of UK Energy Statistics. Technical report, Dept of Energy and Climate Change, London. http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/dukes/dukes.aspx.
    • (2011) Digest of UK Energy Statistics
  • 126
    • 84867659996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change
    • DECC (2011b) Great Britain's housing energy fact file. London: U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change.
    • (2011) Great Britain's Housing Energy Fact File
  • 130
    • 76749088331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG): A comparison of three wood gasification systems for energy balance and overall efficiency
    • Der Meijden, C.M.V., Veringa, H.J. and Rabou, L.P.L.M. (2010) ‘The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG): A comparison of three wood gasification systems for energy balance and overall efficiency’. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34(3): 302-311.
    • (2010) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 302-311
    • Der Meijden, C.M.V.1    Veringa, H.J.2    Rabou, L.P.L.M.3
  • 133
    • 0036027690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of urban thermal environment by managing heat discharge sources and surface modification in Tokyo
    • Dhakal, S. and Hanaki, K. (2002) ‘Improvement of urban thermal environment by managing heat discharge sources and surface modification in Tokyo’. Energy and Buildings, 34(1): 13-23.
    • (2002) Energy and Buildings , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-23
    • Dhakal, S.1    Hanaki, K.2
  • 136
    • 73249124264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban land and property ownership patterns in the UK: Trends and forces for change
    • Dixon, T. (2009) ‘Urban land and property ownership patterns in the UK: Trends and forces for change’. Land Use Policy, 26S: S43-S53.
    • (2009) Land Use Policy , vol.26S , pp. S43-S53
    • Dixon, T.1
  • 137
    • 57049094560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Richland, WA: U.S. Department of Energy
    • DOE (2010) Buildings Energy Data Book. Richland, WA: U.S. Department of Energy. http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov/.
    • (2010) Buildings Energy Data Book
  • 139
  • 140
    • 52749085264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatially explicit whole-system model of the lignocel-lulosic bioethanol supply chain: An assessment of decentralised processing potential
    • Dunnett, A.J., Adjiman, C.S. and Shah, N. (2008) ‘A spatially explicit whole-system model of the lignocel-lulosic bioethanol supply chain: An assessment of decentralised processing potential’. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 1: 13.
    • (2008) Biotechnology for Biofuels , vol.1 , pp. 13
    • Dunnett, A.J.1    Adjiman, C.S.2    Shah, N.3
  • 143
    • 80053967877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new simulation model for multi-agricultural biomass logistics system in bioenergy production
    • Ebadian, M., Sowlati, T., Sokhansanj, S., Stumborg, M. and Townley-Smith, L. (2011) ‘A new simulation model for multi-agricultural biomass logistics system in bioenergy production’. Biosystems Engineering, 110(3): 280-290.
    • (2011) Biosystems Engineering , vol.110 , Issue.3 , pp. 280-290
    • Ebadian, M.1    Sowlati, T.2    Sokhansanj, S.3    Stumborg, M.4    Townley-Smith, L.5
  • 146
    • 85087684831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • EcoRec (2012) ‘Ecorec’. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.ecorec.it/.
    • (2012) Ecorec
  • 149
    • 33645482722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Copenhagen, DK: European Environment Agency
    • EEA (2001) Biodegradable municipal waste management in Europe. 15/2001. Copenhagen, DK: European Environment Agency. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/topic_report_2001_15.
    • (2001) Biodegradable Municipal Waste Management in Europe. 15/2001
  • 151
    • 33744978089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining a sustainable city model
    • Egger, S. (2006) ‘Determining a sustainable city model’. Environmental Modelling a^nd Software, 21(9): 1235-1246.
    • (2006) Environmental Modelling A^Nd Software , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 1235-1246
    • Egger, S.1
  • 152
    • 26944502389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industrial ecology in practice: The evolution of interdependence at Kalundborg
    • Ehrenfield, J. and Gertler, N. (1997) ‘Industrial ecology in practice: The evolution of interdependence at Kalundborg’. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1(1): 67-79.
    • (1997) Journal of Industrial Ecology , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-79
    • Ehrenfield, J.1    Gertler, N.2
  • 154
    • 85174840420 scopus 로고
    • A bulletin dialogue on “the closing circle”, critique
    • Ehrlich, P.R. and Holdren, J.P. (1972) ‘A bulletin dialogue on “the closing circle”, critique’. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 28(5): 16,18-27.
    • (1972) Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , vol.28 , Issue.5
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1    Holdren, J.P.2
  • 155
    • 0003405496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy
    • EIA (2011) Annual Energy Review. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy.
    • (2011) Annual Energy Review
  • 156
    • 0030426160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USA national overview on waste management
    • Eighmy, T.T. and Kosson, D.S. (1996) ‘USA national overview on waste management’. Waste Management, 16(5-6): 361-366.
    • (1996) Waste Management , vol.16 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 361-366
    • Eighmy, T.T.1    Kosson, D.S.2
  • 157
    • 36549032605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for Jatropha biofuels in Tanzania: An analysis with strategic niche management
    • Eijck, J.V. and Romijn, H. (2008) ‘Prospects for Jatropha biofuels in Tanzania: An analysis with strategic niche management’. Energy Policy, 36(1): 311-325.
    • (2008) Energy Policy , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 311-325
    • Eijck, J.V.1    Romijn, H.2
  • 158
    • 80054753593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of energy and manpower requirements in Nigerian bakeries
    • Ekechukwu, O., Madu, A., Nwanya, S. and Agunwamba, J. (2011) ‘Optimization of energy and manpower requirements in Nigerian bakeries’. Energy Conversion and Management, 52(1): 564-568.
    • (2011) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.52 , Issue.1 , pp. 564-568
    • Ekechukwu, O.1    Madu, A.2    Nwanya, S.3    Agunwamba, J.4
  • 161
    • 85087719364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 14 June 2012
    • EPD Hong Kong (2010) ‘Green Hong Kong: Carbon audit’. Online. Accessed: 14 June 2012. http://www. epd.gov.hk/epd/english/climate_change/ca_intro.html.
    • (2010) Green Hong Kong: Carbon Audit
  • 162
    • 0024700442 scopus 로고
    • A scenario approach to capacity planning
    • Eppen, G.D., Marting, R.P. and Schrage, L. (1989) ‘A scenario approach to capacity planning’. Operations Research, 37(4): 517-527.
    • (1989) Operations Research , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 517-527
    • Eppen, G.D.1    Marting, R.P.2    Schrage, L.3
  • 163
    • 84858071386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Energy Savings Trust
    • EST (2010) Getting warmer: A field trial of heat pumps. Technical report, Energy Savings Trust. http://www. energysavingtrust.org.uk/Media/Generate-your-own-energy/PDFs/Full-heat-pump-field-trial-report.
    • (2010) Getting Warmer: A Field Trial of Heat Pumps
  • 164
    • 79959895305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • EST (2011) ‘Home Energy Efficiency Database (HEED)’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://heed.est.org.uk/.
    • (2011) Home Energy Efficiency Database (HEED)
  • 165
    • 84878315133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • Eurostat (2012) ‘Environmental data centre on waste’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://epp.eurostat. ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/waste/introduction/.
    • (2012) Environmental Data Centre on Waste
  • 168
    • 0033248088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making a difference: Sociology of scientific knowledge and urban energy policies
    • Evans, R., Guy, S. and Marvin (1999) ‘Making a difference: sociology of scientific knowledge and urban energy policies’. Science, Technology and Human Values, 24(1): 105-131.
    • (1999) Science, Technology and Human Values , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-131
    • Evans, R.1    Guy, S.2
  • 169
    • 0034651953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of emissions and residential exposure from traditional and improved cookstoves in Kenya
    • Ezzati, M., Mbinda, B.M. and Kammen, D.M. (2000) ‘Comparison of emissions and residential exposure from traditional and improved cookstoves in Kenya’. Environmental Science and Technology, 34(4): 578-583.
    • (2000) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 578-583
    • Ezzati, M.1    Mbinda, B.M.2    Kammen, D.M.3
  • 170
    • 0002721819 scopus 로고
    • Opportunities for the woodwaste resource
    • Falk, B.B. (1994) ‘Opportunities for the woodwaste resource’. Forest Products Journal, 47(6): 17-22.
    • (1994) Forest Products Journal , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 17-22
    • Falk, B.B.1
  • 171
    • 67949106387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biorefineries for biofuel upgrading: A critical review
    • Fatih Demirbas, M. (2009) ‘Biorefineries for biofuel upgrading: A critical review’. Applied Energy, 86: S151-S161.
    • (2009) Applied Energy , vol.86 , pp. S151-S161
    • Fatih Demirbas, M.1
  • 172
    • 0003997946 scopus 로고
    • New York: Dover Publications Inc
    • Fermi, E. (1956) Thermodynamics. New York: Dover Publications Inc.
    • (1956) Thermodynamics
    • Fermi, E.1
  • 173
    • 43449110087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quo vadis thermodynamics and the city: A critical review of applications of thermodynamic methods to urban systems
    • Filchakova, N., Robinson, D. and Scartezzini, J.L. (2008) ‘Quo vadis thermodynamics and the city: A critical review of applications of thermodynamic methods to urban systems’. International Journal of Ecodynamics, 2(4): 222-230.
    • (2008) International Journal of Ecodynamics , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 222-230
    • Filchakova, N.1    Robinson, D.2    Scartezzini, J.L.3
  • 175
    • 0035089454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global bioenergy potentials through 2050
    • Fischer, G. and Schrattenholzer, L. (2001) ‘Global bioenergy potentials through 2050’. Biomass and Bioenergy, 20(3): 151-159.
    • (2001) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-159
    • Fischer, G.1    Schrattenholzer, L.2
  • 178
    • 85087740056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy demand-rethinking from basics
    • De Montford University
    • Fisk, D. (2005) ‘Energy demand-rethinking from basics’. In Bowman Lecture. De Montford University.
    • (2005) Bowman Lecture
    • Fisk, D.1
  • 179
    • 55249112235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the risk-related barriers to, and opportunities for, innovation from a business perspective in the UK, in the context of energy management in the built environment?
    • Fisk, D. (2008) ‘What are the risk-related barriers to, and opportunities for, innovation from a business perspective in the UK, in the context of energy management in the built environment?’ Energy Policy, 36(12): 4615-617.
    • (2008) Energy Policy , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 4615-4617
    • Fisk, D.1
  • 182
    • 0003453978 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Productivity Press
    • Forrester, J. (1969) Urban Dynamics. Cambridge, MA: Productivity Press.
    • (1969) Urban Dynamics
    • Forrester, J.1
  • 183
    • 30844453634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven centuries of energy services: The price and use of light in the United Kingdom (1300-2000)
    • Fouquet, R. and Pearson, P.J.G. (2006) ‘Seven centuries of energy services: The price and use of light in the United Kingdom (1300-2000)’. The Energy Journal, 27(1): 139-177.
    • (2006) The Energy Journal , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-177
    • Fouquet, R.1    Pearson, P.J.G.2
  • 188
    • 61849128357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decision support system for planning biomass-based energy production
    • Frombo, F., Minciardi, R., Robba, M. and Sacile, R. (2009) ‘A decision support system for planning biomass-based energy production’. Energy, 34(3): 362-369.
    • (2009) Energy , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 362-369
    • Frombo, F.1    Minciardi, R.2    Robba, M.3    Sacile, R.4
  • 191
    • 0344168298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuelling the city: Production and distribution of firewood and fuel in Londons region, 1290-1400
    • Galloway, J.A., Keene, D. and Murphy, M. (1996) ‘Fuelling the city: Production and distribution of firewood and fuel in London’s region, 1290-1400’. The Economic History Review, 49(3): 447-72.
    • (1996) The Economic History Review , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-472
    • Galloway, J.A.1    Keene, D.2    Murphy, M.3
  • 193
    • 23944492558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodegradable municipal solid waste: Characterization and potential use as animal feedstuffs
    • García, A.J., Esteban, M.B., Márquez, M.C. and Ramos, P. (2005) ‘Biodegradable municipal solid waste: Characterization and potential use as animal feedstuffs’. Waste Management, 25(8): 780-787.
    • (2005) Waste Management , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 780-787
    • García, A.J.1    Esteban, M.B.2    Márquez, M.C.3    Ramos, P.4
  • 194
    • 77957049409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air emissions scenarios from ethanol as a gasoline oxygenate in Mexico City Metropolitan Area
    • García, C.A., Manzini, F. and Islas, J. (2010) ‘Air emissions scenarios from ethanol as a gasoline oxygenate in Mexico City Metropolitan Area’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9): 3032-3040.
    • (2010) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , vol.14 , Issue.9 , pp. 3032-3040
    • García, C.A.1    Manzini, F.2    Islas, J.3
  • 195
    • 31244436673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study
    • Geels, F. (2002) ‘Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a case-study’. Research Policy, 31(8-9): 1257-1274.
    • (2002) Research Policy , vol.31 , Issue.8-9 , pp. 1257-1274
    • Geels, F.1
  • 196
    • 3242884803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory
    • Geels, F. (2004) ‘From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory’. Research Policy, 33(6-7): 897-920.
    • (2004) Research Policy , vol.33 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 897-920
    • Geels, F.1
  • 197
    • 33947308755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal power flow of multiple energy carriers
    • Geidl, M. and Andersson, G. (2007) ‘Optimal power flow of multiple energy carriers’. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 22(1): 145-155.
    • (2007) IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-155
    • Geidl, M.1    Andersson, G.2
  • 200
    • 0004326522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6th edn. Cambridge: Polity Press
    • Giddens, A. (2009) Sociology, 6th edn. Cambridge: Polity Press.
    • (2009) Sociology
    • Giddens, A.1
  • 201
    • 0036856605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment, economy and society: Fitting them together into sustainable development
    • Giddings, B., Hopwood, B. and O’Brien, G. (2002) ‘Environment, economy and society: Fitting them together into sustainable development’. Sustainable Development, 10(4): 187-196.
    • (2002) Sustainable Development , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 187-196
    • Giddings, B.1    Hopwood, B.2    O’brien, G.3
  • 204
    • 76449088090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EnerGis: A geographical information based system for the evaluation of integrated energy conversion systems in urban areas
    • Girardin, L., Marechal, F., Dubuis, M., Calame-Darbellay, N. and Favrat, D. (2010) ‘EnerGis: A geographical information based system for the evaluation of integrated energy conversion systems in urban areas’. Energy, 35(2): 830-840.
    • (2010) Energy , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 830-840
    • Girardin, L.1    Marechal, F.2    Dubuis, M.3    Calame-Darbellay, N.4    Favrat, D.5
  • 207
    • 85087733541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greater London Authority, London
    • GLA (2003b) London's Ecological Footprint: A review. Technical report, Greater London Authority, London. http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/economic_unit/docs/ecological_footprint.pdf.
    • (2003) London's Ecological Footprint: A Review. Technical Report
  • 208
  • 210
    • 85087663391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • Global Footprint Network (2007) ‘Humanity’s footprint 1961-2003’. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/gfn_sub.php?content=global_footprint.
    • (2007) Humanity’s Footprint 1961-2003
  • 212
    • 33644766874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable urban transport: Four innovative directions
    • Goldman, T. and Gorham, R. (2006) ‘Sustainable urban transport: Four innovative directions’. Technology in Society, 28(1-2): 261-273.
    • (2006) Technology in Society , vol.28 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 261-273
    • Goldman, T.1    Gorham, R.2
  • 213
    • 84958977914 scopus 로고
    • Essentials of an algorithm for integer solutions to linear programs
    • Gomory, R. (1958) ‘Essentials of an algorithm for integer solutions to linear programs’. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 64(5): 275-278.
    • (1958) Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 275-278
    • Gomory, R.1
  • 214
    • 80055061239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • Google (2010) ‘Google Books Ngram Viewer’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://books.google.com/ngrams/.
    • (2010) Google Books Ngram Viewer
  • 215
    • 0002622789 scopus 로고
    • More than ducts and wires: Post-Fordism, cities and utility networks
    • edited by P. Healy, S. Cameron, S. Davoudi, S. Graham and A. Madani-Pour, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    • Graham, S. and Marvin, S. (1994) ‘More than ducts and wires: Post-Fordism, cities and utility networks’. In Managing Cities: The New Urban Context, edited by P. Healy, S. Cameron, S. Davoudi, S. Graham and A. Madani-Pour, pp. 169-190. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    • (1994) Managing Cities: The New Urban Context , pp. 169-190
    • Graham, S.1    Marvin, S.2
  • 216
    • 0001231641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Cities and infrastructure. International
    • Graham, S. (2000) ‘Introduction: Cities and infrastructure’. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(1): 114-119.
    • (2000) Journal of Urban and Regional Research , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 114-119
    • Graham, S.1
  • 217
    • 0034085840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy efficiency and consumption-the rebound effect-a survey
    • Greening, L.A., Greene, D.L. and Difiglio, C. (2000) ‘Energy efficiency and consumption-the rebound effect-a survey’. Energy Policy, 28(6-7): 389-401.
    • (2000) Energy Policy , vol.28 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 389-401
    • Greening, L.A.1    Greene, D.L.2    Difiglio, C.3
  • 219
    • 0037410963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition in the market for space heating. District heating as the infrastructure for competition among fuels and technologies
    • Grohnheit, P.E. and Mortensen, B.O.G. (2003) ‘Competition in the market for space heating. district heating as the infrastructure for competition among fuels and technologies’. Energy Policy, 31(9): 817-826.
    • (2003) Energy Policy , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 817-826
    • Grohnheit, P.E.1    Mortensen, B.O.G.2
  • 220
    • 0029416728 scopus 로고
    • Modeling of energy-services supply systems
    • Groscurth, H., Bruckner, T. and Kümmel, R. (1995) ‘Modeling of energy-services supply systems’. Energy, 20(9): 941-958.
    • (1995) Energy , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 941-958
    • Groscurth, H.1    Bruckner, T.2    Kümmel, R.3
  • 221
    • 0004058746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laxenburg, AT: International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis
    • Grübler, A. (1998) Technology and Global Change. Laxenburg, AT: International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis.
    • (1998) Technology and Global Change
    • Grübler, A.1
  • 222
    • 0023188602 scopus 로고
    • Differential rates for district heating and the influence on the optimal retrofit strategy for multi-family buildings
    • Gustafsson, S.I., Karlsson, B.G. and Sjöholm, B.H. (1987) ‘Differential rates for district heating and the influence on the optimal retrofit strategy for multi-family buildings’. Heat Recovery Systems and CHP, 7(4): 337-341.
    • (1987) Heat Recovery Systems and CHP , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 337-341
    • Gustafsson, S.I.1    Karlsson, B.G.2    Sjöholm, B.H.3
  • 223
    • 0026818805 scopus 로고
    • Optimization of building retrofits in a combined heat and power network
    • Gustafsson, S. (1992) ‘Optimization of building retrofits in a combined heat and power network’. Energy, 17(2): 161-171.
    • (1992) Energy , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-171
    • Gustafsson, S.1
  • 224
    • 0034940542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable urban future: Constructing sustainable urban futures: From models to competing pathways
    • Guy, S. and Marvin, S. (2001) ‘Sustainable urban future: Constructing sustainable urban futures: From models to competing pathways’. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 19(2): 131-139.
    • (2001) Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-139
    • Guy, S.1    Marvin, S.2
  • 227
    • 0004048566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell
    • Hall, P. (2002) Cities of Tomorrow, 3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.
    • (2002) Cities of Tomorrow
    • Hall, P.1
  • 228
    • 0037130599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future prospects for production of methanol and hydrogen from biomass
    • Hamelinck, C.N. and Faaij, A.P. (2002) ‘Future prospects for production of methanol and hydrogen from biomass’. Journal of Power Sources, 111(1): 1-22.
    • (2002) Journal of Power Sources , vol.111 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-22
    • Hamelinck, C.N.1    Faaij, A.P.2
  • 229
    • 58049191439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of the anthropogenic heat emissions of Londons buildings: A comparison against captured shortwave solar radiation
    • Hamilton, I., Davies, M., Steadman, P., Stone, A., Ridley, I. and Evans, S. (2009) ‘The significance of the anthropogenic heat emissions of London’s buildings: A comparison against captured shortwave solar radiation’. Building and Environment, 44(4): 807-817.
    • (2009) Building and Environment , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 807-817
    • Hamilton, I.1    Davies, M.2    Steadman, P.3    Stone, A.4    Ridley, I.5    Evans, S.6
  • 231
    • 34248384631 scopus 로고
    • A study on the metabolism of cities
    • Tokyo: HESC Science Council of Japan
    • Hanya, T. and Ambe, Y. (1976) ‘A study on the metabolism of cities’. In Science for a better environment, pp. 228-233. Tokyo: HESC Science Council of Japan.
    • (1976) Science for a Better Environment , pp. 228-233
    • Hanya, T.1    Ambe, Y.2
  • 235
    • 0032651495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic efficiency of cogeneration systems for combined heat, cold and power production
    • Havelsky, V. (1999) ‘Energetic efficiency of cogeneration systems for combined heat, cold and power production’. International Journal of Refrigeration, 22(2): 479-85.
    • (1999) International Journal of Refrigeration , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 479-485
    • Havelsky, V.1
  • 237
    • 77956401960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating marginal CO2 emissions rates for national electricity systems
    • Hawkes, A. (2010) ‘Estimating marginal CO2 emissions rates for national electricity systems’. Energy Policy, 38(10): 5977-5987.
    • (2010) Energy Policy , vol.38 , Issue.10 , pp. 5977-5987
    • Hawkes, A.1
  • 238
    • 0033828097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Material flow analysis: A tool to support environmental policy decision making. Case studies on the city of Vienna and the Swiss lowlands
    • Hendriks, C., Obernosterer, R., Muller, D., Kytzia, S., Baccini, P. and Brunner, P. (2002) ‘Material flow analysis: A tool to support environmental policy decision making. Case studies on the city of Vienna and the Swiss lowlands’. Local Environment, 5: 311-328.
    • (2002) Local Environment , vol.5 , pp. 311-328
    • Hendriks, C.1    Obernosterer, R.2    Muller, D.3    Kytzia, S.4    Baccini, P.5    Brunner, P.6
  • 239
    • 33748430088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling and optimisation of electricity, steam and district heating production for a local Swedish utility
    • Henning, D., Amiri, S. and Holmgren, K. (2006) ‘Modelling and optimisation of electricity, steam and district heating production for a local Swedish utility’. European Journal of Operational Research, 175(2): 1224-1247.
    • (2006) European Journal of Operational Research , vol.175 , Issue.2 , pp. 1224-1247
    • Henning, D.1    Amiri, S.2    Holmgren, K.3
  • 240
    • 0030729770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MODEST: An energy-system optimisation model applicable to local utilities and countries
    • Henning, D. (1997) ‘MODEST: An energy-system optimisation model applicable to local utilities and countries’. Energy, 22(12): 1135-1150.
    • (1997) Energy , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 1135-1150
    • Henning, D.1
  • 245
    • 79955427901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass
    • Hoekman, S.K., Broch, A. and Robbins, C. (2011) ‘Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass. Energy & Fuels, 25(4): 1802-1810.
    • (2011) Energy & Fuels , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 1802-1810
    • Hoekman, S.K.1    Broch, A.2    Robbins, C.3
  • 247
    • 0003397084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8th edn. London: McGraw-Hill
    • Holman, J. (1997) Heat Transfer, 8th edn. London: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1997) Heat Transfer
    • Holman, J.1
  • 248
    • 60549107196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A field study of thermal comfort in low-income dwellings in England before and after energy efficient refurbishment
    • Hong, S.H., Gilbertson, J., Oreszczyn, T., Green, G. and Ridley, I. (2009) ‘A field study of thermal comfort in low-income dwellings in England before and after energy efficient refurbishment’. Building and Environment, 44(6): 1228-1236.
    • (2009) Building and Environment , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 1228-1236
    • Hong, S.H.1    Gilbertson, J.2    Oreszczyn, T.3    Green, G.4    Ridley, I.5
  • 249
    • 0038039425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploration of the ranges of the global potential of biomass for energy
    • Hoogwijk, M. (2003) ‘Exploration of the ranges of the global potential of biomass for energy’. Biomass and Bioenergy, 25(2): 119-133.
    • (2003) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-133
    • Hoogwijk, M.1
  • 252
    • 4344655900 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic programming
    • Howard, R.A. (1966) ‘Dynamic programming’. Management Science, 12(5): 317-348.
    • (1966) Management Science , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 317-348
    • Howard, R.A.1
  • 253
    • 33845745842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of adsorption chiller for micro-scale BCHP system application
    • Huangfu, Y., Wu, J., Wang, R. and Xia, Z. (2007) ‘Experimental investigation of adsorption chiller for micro-scale BCHP system application’. Energy and Buildings, 39(2): 120-127.
    • (2007) Energy and Buildings , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 120-127
    • Huangfu, Y.1    Wu, J.2    Wang, R.3    Xia, Z.4
  • 254
    • 27644572679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of urban energetics and mechanisms of urban development
    • Huang, S.L. and Chen, C.W. (2005) ‘Theory of urban energetics and mechanisms of urban development’. Ecological Modelli-ng, 189(1-2): 49-71.
    • (2005) Ecological Modelli-Ng , vol.189 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 49-71
    • Huang, S.L.1    Chen, C.W.2
  • 256
    • 7044222055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental impact minimization through material substitution: A multi-objective optimization approach
    • Hugo, A., Ciumei, C., Buxton, A. and Pistikopoulos, E. (2004) ‘Environmental impact minimization through material substitution: A multi-objective optimization approach’. Journal of Green Chemistry, 6: 407-417.
    • (2004) Journal of Green Chemistry , vol.6 , pp. 407-417
    • Hugo, A.1    Ciumei, C.2    Buxton, A.3    Pistikopoulos, E.4
  • 257
    • 17644381879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current operational urban land-use-transport modelling frameworks: A review
    • Hunt, J.D., Kriger, D.S. and Miller, E.J. (2005) ‘Current operational urban land-use-transport modelling frameworks: A review’. Transport Reviews, 25(3): 329-376.
    • (2005) Transport Reviews , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-376
    • Hunt, J.D.1    Kriger, D.S.2    Miller, E.J.3
  • 258
    • 0027505096 scopus 로고
    • Theory and application of an integrated land-use and transport modelling framework
    • Hunt, J.D. and Simmonds, D.C. (1993) ‘Theory and application of an integrated land-use and transport modelling framework’. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20(2): 221-244.
    • (1993) Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-244
    • Hunt, J.D.1    Simmonds, D.C.2
  • 259
    • 0016560084 scopus 로고
    • Fast approximation algorithms for the knapsack and sum of subset problems
    • Ibarra, O.H. and Chul, E.K. (1975) ‘Fast approximation algorithms for the knapsack and sum of subset problems’. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, 22(4): 463-468.
    • (1975) Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-468
    • Ibarra, O.H.1    Chul, E.K.2
  • 261
    • 78649805773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris: International Energy Agency
    • IEA (2003) Municipal solid waste and its role isustainability. Paris: International Energy Agency. www.ieabioenergy.com/media/40_IEAPositionPaperMSW.pdf.
    • (2003) Municipal Solid Waste and Its Role Isustainability
  • 263
    • 85043047315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris: International Energy Agency
    • IEA (2008a) Improved Cogeneration and Heat Utilization in DH Networks. Paris: International Energy Agency. http://www.iea-dhc.org/reports/pdf/DRAFT_IEA_DHC_CHP_AnnexVIII_8DHC_08_02_Improved_Cogeneration_and_Heat_Utilization_in_DH_Networks_updated_04Apr2008.pdf.
    • (2008) Improved Cogeneration and Heat Utilization in DH Networks
  • 264
    • 0003403113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris: International Energy Agency
    • IEA (2008b) World Energy Outlook. Paris: International Energy Agency.
    • (2008) World Energy Outlook
  • 265
    • 0003403113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris: International Energy Agency
    • IEA (2009) World Energy Outlook. Paris: International Energy Agency.
    • (2009) World Energy Outlook
  • 269
    • 80052046252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paris: International Energy Agency
    • IEA (2011b) Technology Roadmap-Biofuels for transport. Paris: International Energy Agency. http://www.iea.org/papers/2011/biofuels_roadmap.pdf.
    • (2011) Technology Roadmap-Biofuels for Transport
  • 270
    • 80052046252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • IEA (2011c) Technology roadmap-biofuels for transport foldout. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.iea.org/papers/2011/Biofuels_Foldout.pdf.
    • (2011) Technology Roadmap-Biofuels for Transport Foldout
  • 278
    • 84903618466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal scheduling of low carbon investment decisions for a social housing refurbishment case study
    • edited by M. Bojic, N. Lior, J. Stevanovic, P. Gordana and S. Vladimir, Novi Sad, Serbia
    • Jennings, M., Fisk, D. and Shah, N. (2011a) ‘Optimal scheduling of low carbon investment decisions for a social housing refurbishment case study’. In The 24th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, edited by M. Bojic, N. Lior, J. Stevanovic, P. Gordana and S. Vladimir, pp. 2023-2036. Novi Sad, Serbia.
    • (2011) The 24Th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems , pp. 2023-2036
    • Jennings, M.1    Fisk, D.2    Shah, N.3
  • 279
    • 85087722853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal investment planning for low carbon domestic heating options in London: 2010-2050
    • Geneva, CH
    • Jennings, M., Munuera, L., Fisk, D. and Shah, N. (2011b) ‘Optimal investment planning for low carbon domestic heating options in London: 2010-2050’. In World Engineers' Convention 2011. Geneva, CH.
    • (2011) World Engineers' Convention 2011
    • Jennings, M.1    Munuera, L.2    Fisk, D.3    Shah, N.4
  • 280
    • 0003025306 scopus 로고
    • Large technical systems: Concepts and issues
    • edited by R. Mayntz and T.P. Hughes, chapter 1, Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, Schriften des Max-Planck-Instituts für Gesellschaftsforschung
    • Joerges, B. (1988) ‘Large technical systems: Concepts and issues’. In The Development of Large Technical Systems, edited by R. Mayntz and T.P. Hughes, chapter 1, pp. 9-36. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, Schriften des Max-Planck-Instituts für Gesellschaftsforschung.
    • (1988) The Development of Large Technical Systems , pp. 9-36
    • Joerges, B.1
  • 283
    • 33646366670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planning for increased bioenergy use: Evaluating the impact on local air quality
    • Jonsson, A. and Hillring, B. (2006) ‘Planning for increased bioenergy use: Evaluating the impact on local air quality”. Biomass a-nd Bioenergy, 30(6): 543-554.
    • (2006) Biomass A-Nd Bioenergy , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 543-554
    • Jonsson, A.1    Hillring, B.2
  • 284
    • 33845612324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical and economic performance analysis for a microturbine in combined heat and power generation
    • Kaikko, J. and Backman, J. (2007) ‘Technical and economic performance analysis for a microturbine in combined heat and power generation’. Energy, 32(4): 378-387.
    • (2007) Energy , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 378-387
    • Kaikko, J.1    Backman, J.2
  • 288
    • 84862862417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable urban planning based on integrated land-use and transportation models
    • Kazuaki, M. (2006) ‘Sustainable urban planning based on integrated land-use and transportation models’. In Presented at Asian Development Bank. http://www.adb.org/urbandev/documents/SustainableUrbanPlanning-K.Miyamoto.ppt.
    • (2006) Presented at Asian Development Bank
    • Kazuaki, M.1
  • 289
    • 85069989828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontier warfare in the early neolithic
    • edited by D. Martin and D. Frayer, Amsterdam, NL: OPA
    • Keeley, L. (1997) ‘Frontier warfare in the early neolithic’. In Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past, edited by D. Martin and D. Frayer, pp. 303-320. Amsterdam, NL: OPA.
    • (1997) Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past , pp. 303-320
    • Keeley, L.1
  • 290
    • 84861221738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing spatial effects, technology interactions, and uncertainty in urban energy and carbon models: Retrofitting newcastle as a case-study
    • Keirstead, J. and Calderon, C. (2012) ‘Capturing spatial effects, technology interactions, and uncertainty in urban energy and carbon models: Retrofitting newcastle as a case-study’. Energy Policy, 46: 253-267.
    • (2012) Energy Policy , vol.46 , pp. 253-267
    • Keirstead, J.1    Calderon, C.2
  • 291
    • 84860217345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Areview ofurban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities
    • Keirstead, J., Jennings, M. and Sivakumar, A. (2012a) ‘Areview ofurban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities’. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6): 3847-3866.
    • (2012) Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 3847-3866
    • Keirstead, J.1    Jennings, M.2    Sivakumar, A.3
  • 292
    • 84857786401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating biomass energy strategies for a UK eco-town with an MILP optimization model
    • Keirstead, J., Samsatli, N., Pantaleo, A.M. and Shah, N. (2012b) ‘Evaluating biomass energy strategies for a UK eco-town with an MILP optimization model, Biomass and Bioenergy, 39: 306-316.
    • (2012) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.39 , pp. 306-316
    • Keirstead, J.1    Samsatli, N.2    Pantaleo, A.M.3    Shah, N.4
  • 294
    • 77956418313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London and beyond: Taking a closer look at urban energy policy
    • Keirstead, J. and Schulz, N.B. (2010) ‘London and beyond: Taking a closer look at urban energy policy’. Energy Policy, 38(9): 4870-4879.
    • (2010) Energy Policy , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 4870-4879
    • Keirstead, J.1    Schulz, N.B.2
  • 295
    • 84860416914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculating minimum energy urban layouts with mathematical programming and monte carlo analysis techniques
    • Keirstead, J. and Shah, N. (2011) ‘Calculating minimum energy urban layouts with mathematical programming and monte carlo analysis techniques’. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 35(5): 368-377.
    • (2011) Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 368-377
    • Keirstead, J.1    Shah, N.2
  • 296
    • 84871168392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using activity-based modeling to simulate urban resource demands at high spatial and temporal resolutions
    • In press
    • Keirstead, J. and Sivakumar, A. (2012) ‘Using activity-based modeling to simulate urban resource demands at high spatial and temporal resolutions’. Journal of Industrial Ecology, In press.
    • (2012) Journal of Industrial Ecology
    • Keirstead, J.1    Sivakumar, A.2
  • 297
    • 84924279496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012
    • Kemin (2009) ‘The Danish example’. Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012. http://www.kemin.dk/en-US/facts/danishexample/Sider/TheDanishExample.aspx.
    • (2009) The Danish Example
  • 298
    • 0001513530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: The approach of strategic niche management
    • Kemp, R., Schot, J. and Hoogma, R. (1998) ‘Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: The approach of strategic niche management’. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 10(2): 175.
    • (1998) Technology Analysis and Strategic Management , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 175
    • Kemp, R.1    Schot, J.2    Hoogma, R.3
  • 299
    • 0026203135 scopus 로고
    • Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) at Snohomish County PUD
    • Kennedy, B. and Fletcher, R. (1991) ‘Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) at Snohomish County PUD’. Transactions on Power Systems, 6(3): 986-998.
    • (1991) Transactions on Power Systems , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 986-998
    • Kennedy, B.1    Fletcher, R.2
  • 302
    • 84901783842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making-expert-based vs. Model-derived curves
    • Kesicki, F. (2010) ‘Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making-expert-based vs. model-derived curves’. In 33rd IAEE International Conference, pp. 1-19.
    • (2010) 33Rd IAEE International Conference , pp. 1-19
    • Kesicki, F.1
  • 303
    • 26444479778 scopus 로고
    • Optimization by simulated annealing
    • Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C.D. and Vecchi, M.P. (1983) ‘Optimization by simulated annealing’. Science, 220(4598): 671-680.
    • (1983) Science , vol.220 , Issue.4598 , pp. 671-680
    • Kirkpatrick, S.1    Gelatt, C.D.2    Vecchi, M.P.3
  • 304
    • 36849078220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KNBS (2005) ‘Kenya integrated household survey’. Online. Accessed: Http://www.knbs.or.ke/pdf/Basic%20Report%20%28Revised%20Edition%29.pdf.
    • (2005) Kenya Integrated Household Survey
  • 305
    • 85087678191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • Knowledge of London (2011) ‘The London omnibus’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www. knowledgeoflondon.com/buses.html.
    • (2011) The London Omnibus
  • 306
    • 3042642155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy laws in human travel behaviour
    • Kölbl, R. and Helbing, D. (2003) ‘Energy laws in human travel behaviour’. New Journal of Physics, 5(03): 48-48.
    • (2003) New Journal of Physics , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 48
    • Kölbl, R.1    Helbing, D.2
  • 307
    • 0027545176 scopus 로고
    • A general algorithm for short-term scheduling of batch operations—I. MILP formulation
    • Kondili, E., Pantelides, C.C. and Sargent, R.W.H. (1993) ‘A general algorithm for short-term scheduling of batch operations—I. MILP formulation’. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 17: 211-227.
    • (1993) Computers & Chemical Engineering , vol.17 , pp. 211-227
    • Kondili, E.1    Pantelides, C.C.2    Sargent, R.W.H.3
  • 308
    • 0035501477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing energy-related challenges for the US buildings sector: Results from the clean energy futures study
    • Koomey, J., Webber, C.A., Atkinson, C.S. and Nicholls, A. (2001) ‘Addressing energy-related challenges for the US buildings sector: Results from the clean energy futures study’. Energy Policy, 29(14): 1209-1221.
    • (2001) Energy Policy , vol.29 , Issue.14 , pp. 1209-1221
    • Koomey, J.1    Webber, C.A.2    Atkinson, C.S.3    Nicholls, A.4
  • 314
    • 33646892863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a multicriteria assessment model for ranking biomass feedstock collection and transportation systems
    • Kumar, A., Sokhansanj, S. and Flynn, P.C. (2006) ‘Development of a multicriteria assessment model for ranking biomass feedstock collection and transportation systems’. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 129-132(1): 71-87.
    • (2006) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology , vol.129-132 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-87
    • Kumar, A.1    Sokhansanj, S.2    Flynn, P.C.3
  • 315
    • 0000389895 scopus 로고
    • Exploring in the the consumer of decision energy process adoption solar systems
    • Labay, D.G. and Kinnear, T.C. (1981) ‘Exploring in the the consumer of decision energy process adoption solar systems’. Journal of Consumer Research, 8(3): 271-278.
    • (1981) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 271-278
    • Labay, D.G.1    Kinnear, T.C.2
  • 316
    • 0001173632 scopus 로고
    • An automatic method of solving discrete programming problems
    • Land, A.H. and Doig, A. (1960) ‘An automatic method of solving discrete programming problems’. Econometrica, 28: 497-520.
    • (1960) Econometrica , vol.28 , pp. 497-520
    • Land, A.H.1    Doig, A.2
  • 317
    • 0003595896 scopus 로고
    • Universum Film AG
    • Lang, F. (1927) Metropolis. Universum Film AG.
    • (1927) Metropolis
    • Lang, F.1
  • 318
    • 79960990592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urrent terrestrial methods and activities for biomass potential assessment in Europe
    • Hamburg, DE
    • Lauer, M. (2009) ‘Current terrestrial methods and activities for biomass potential assessment in Europe’. In 17th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition. Hamburg, DE.
    • (2009) In 17Th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition
    • Lauer, M.1
  • 320
    • 27144483369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • District heating and gas engine heat pump: Economic analysis based on a case study
    • Lazzarin, R. and Noro, M. (2006a) ‘District heating and gas engine heat pump: Economic analysis based on a case study’. Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(2-3): 193-199.
    • (2006) Applied Thermal Engineering , vol.26 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 193-199
    • Lazzarin, R.1    Noro, M.2
  • 321
    • 27144480730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local or district heating by natural gas: Which is better from energetic, environmental and economic point of views?
    • Lazzarin, R. and Noro, M. (2006b) ‘Local or district heating by natural gas: Which is better from energetic, environmental and economic point of views?’ Applied Thermal Engineering, 26(2-3): 244-250.
    • (2006) Applied Thermal Engineering , vol.26 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 244-250
    • Lazzarin, R.1    Noro, M.2
  • 324
    • 85087730965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 1 December 2011
    • LDA (2010) ‘Pimlico and Whitehall decentralised energy’. Online. Accessed: 1 December 2011. http://www.lda.gov.uk/projects/pimlico-whitehall-decentralised-energy/index.aspx.
    • (2010) Pimlico and Whitehall Decentralised Energy
  • 325
    • 0026440093 scopus 로고
    • The energy transition
    • Leach, G. (1992) ‘The energy transition’. Energy Policy, 20(2): 116-123.
    • (1992) Energy Policy , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 116-123
    • Leach, G.1
  • 327
    • 0344121273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding the colleges: Cambridges food and fuel supplies, 1450-1560
    • Lee, J. (2003) ‘Feeding the colleges: Cambridge’s food and fuel supplies, 1450-1560’. Economic History Review, LV1(2): 243-264.
    • (2003) Economic History Review , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 243-264
    • Lee, J.1
  • 328
    • 12844278291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analysis of ecological footprints of Macao in 2001
    • Lei, K. and Wang, Z. (2003) ‘The analysis of ecological footprints of Macao in 2001’. Journal of Natural Resources, 18(2): 197-203.
    • (2003) Journal of Natural Resources , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-203
    • Lei, K.1    Wang, Z.2
  • 330
    • 0035000906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified ecological footprint method and its application to Australia
    • Lenzen, M. and Murray, S. (2001) ‘A modified ecological footprint method and its application to Australia’. Ecological Economics, 37(2): 229-255.
    • (2001) Ecological Economics , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-255
    • Lenzen, M.1    Murray, S.2
  • 332
    • 84856055313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban energy system planning and Chinese low-carbon eco-city case study
    • Liang, H., Long, W.D., Keirstead, J., Samsatli, N. and Shah, N. (2012) ‘Urban energy system planning and Chinese low-carbon eco-city case study’. Advanced Materials Research, 433-440: 1338-1345.
    • (2012) Advanced Materials Research , vol.433-440 , pp. 1338-1345
    • Liang, H.1    Long, W.D.2    Keirstead, J.3    Samsatli, N.4    Shah, N.5
  • 333
    • 0034035462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of solar district heating systems: Seasonal storage, heat pumps, and cogeneration
    • Lindenberger, D., Bruckner, T., Groscurth, H.M. and Kümmel, R. (2000) ‘Optimization of solar district heating systems: Seasonal storage, heat pumps, and cogeneration’. Energy, 25(7): 591-608.
    • (2000) Energy , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 591-608
    • Lindenberger, D.1    Bruckner, T.2    Groscurth, H.M.3    Kümmel, R.4
  • 334
    • 34247568806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of fermentative hydrogen process and fuel cell for on-line electricity generation
    • Lin, C., Wu, S., Lee, K., Lin, P. and Chang, J. (2007) ‘Integration of fermentative hydrogen process and fuel cell for on-line electricity generation’. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32(7): 802-808.
    • (2007) International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , vol.32 , Issue.7 , pp. 802-808
    • Lin, C.1    Wu, S.2    Lee, K.3    Lin, P.4    Chang, J.5
  • 335
    • 0034117315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling sustainable urban development by the integration of constrained cellular automata and GIS
    • Li, X. and Yeh, A.G.O. (2000) ‘Modelling sustainable urban development by the integration of constrained cellular automata and GIS’. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 14(2): 131-152.
    • (2000) International Journal of Geographical Information Science , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 131-152
    • Li, X.1    Yeh, A.G.O.2
  • 336
    • 79958721327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012
    • Lloyd’s (2006) ‘Climate change: Adapt or bust’. Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012. http://www.lloyds.com/~/media/3be75eab0df24a5184d0814c32161c2d.ashx.
    • (2006) Climate Change: Adapt Or Bust
  • 337
  • 338
    • 67949106372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure optimization of energy supply systems in tertiary sector buildings
    • Lozano, M.A., Ramos, J.C., Carvalho, M. and Serra, L.M. (2009) ‘Structure optimization of energy supply systems in tertiary sector buildings’. Energy and Buildings, 41(10): 1063-1075.
    • (2009) Energy and Buildings , vol.41 , Issue.10 , pp. 1063-1075
    • Lozano, M.A.1    Ramos, J.C.2    Carvalho, M.3    Serra, L.M.4
  • 339
    • 85087700823 scopus 로고
    • London: London Tree Officers’ Association
    • LTOA (1991) London Bioenergy Report. London: London Tree Officers’ Association.
    • (1991) London Bioenergy Report
  • 341
    • 13244290232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HORUS model-inventory of atmospheric pollutant emissions from industrial combustion in Sao Paulo, Brazil
    • Lucon, O. and Santos, E.d. (2005) ‘The HORUS model-inventory of atmospheric pollutant emissions from industrial combustion in Sao Paulo, Brazil’. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25(2): 197-214.
    • (2005) Environmental Impact Assessment Review , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-214
    • Lucon, O.1    Santos, E.D.2
  • 342
    • 38049081663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Americas bottom-up climate change mitigation policy
    • Lutsey, N. and Sperling, D. (2008) ‘America’s bottom-up climate change mitigation policy’. Energy Policy, 36(2): 673-685.
    • (2008) Energy Policy , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 673-685
    • Lutsey, N.1    Sperling, D.2
  • 344
    • 0022164159 scopus 로고
    • Integrated land use-transport models
    • Mackett, R. (1985) ‘Integrated land use-transport models’. Transport Reviews, 5(4): 325-343.
    • (1985) Transport Reviews , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 325-343
    • Mackett, R.1
  • 347
    • 0033742933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of CHP and absorption cooling in cold storage. Applied
    • Maidment, G. and Prosser, G. (2000) ‘The use of CHP and absorption cooling in cold storage’. Applied Thermal Engineering, 20(12): 1059-1073.
    • (2000) Thermal Engineering , vol.20 , Issue.12 , pp. 1059-1073
    • Maidment, G.1    Prosser, G.2
  • 348
    • 85087695154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 14 June 2012
    • Mairie de Paris (2012) ‘Energie & plan climat’. Accessed: 14 June 2012. http://www.paris.fr/pratique/environnement/energie-plan-climat/p8411.
    • (2012) Energie & Plan Climat
    • De Paris, M.1
  • 350
    • 60950217487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy crisis and growth 1650-1850: The European deviation in a comparative perspective
    • Malanima, P. (2006) ‘Energy crisis and growth 1650-1850: The European deviation in a comparative perspective’. Journal of Global History, 1(1): 101-121.
    • (2006) Journal of Global History , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-121
    • Malanima, P.1
  • 351
    • 38749094420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Part II: Analysis techniques and application cases
    • Mancarella, P. and Chicco, G. (2008) ‘Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Part II: Analysis techniques and application cases’. Energy, 33(3): 418-430.
    • (2008) Energy , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 418-430
    • Mancarella, P.1    Chicco, G.2
  • 353
    • 64649088627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global and local emission impact assessment of distributed cogeneration systems with partial-load models
    • Mancarella, P. and Chicco, G. (2009b) ‘Global and local emission impact assessment of distributed cogeneration systems with partial-load models’. Applied Energy, 86(10): 2096-2106.
    • (2009) Applied Energy , vol.86 , Issue.10 , pp. 2096-2106
    • Mancarella, P.1    Chicco, G.2
  • 357
    • 67349096727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cogeneration systems with electric heat pumps: Energy-shifting properties and equivalent plant modelling
    • Mancarella, P. (2009) ‘Cogeneration systems with electric heat pumps: Energy-shifting properties and equivalent plant modelling’. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(8): 1991-1999.
    • (2009) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.50 , Issue.8 , pp. 1991-1999
    • Mancarella, P.1
  • 358
    • 78650574864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradigm shift in urban energy systems through distributed generation: Methods and models
    • Manfren, M., Caputo, P. and Costa, G. (2011) ‘Paradigm shift in urban energy systems through distributed generation: Methods and models’. Applied Energy, 88(4): 1032-1048.
    • (2011) Applied Energy , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 1032-1048
    • Manfren, M.1    Caputo, P.2    Costa, G.3
  • 359
    • 0030282010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mussa: A land use model for santiago city
    • Martinez, F.J. (1996) ‘Mussa: A land use model for santiago city’. Transportation Research Record, 1552: 126-134.
    • (1996) Transportation Research Record , vol.1552 , pp. 126-134
    • Martinez, F.J.1
  • 360
    • 0003487920 scopus 로고
    • Foreword
    • edited by R. Mayntz and T.P. Hughes, Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, Schriften des Max-PlanckInstituts für Gesellschaftsforschung
    • Mayntz, R. and Hughes, T.P. (1988) ‘Foreword’. In The Development of Large Technical Systems, edited by R. Mayntz and T.P. Hughes, pp. 5-8. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, Schriften des Max-PlanckInstituts für Gesellschaftsforschung.
    • (1988) The Development of Large Technical Systems , pp. 5-8
    • Mayntz, R.1    Hughes, T.P.2
  • 363
    • 84907443628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 14 June 2012
    • Mayor of London (2012) ‘Climate change adaptation strategy’. Online. Accessed: 14 June 2012. http://www.london.gov.uk/climatechange/.
    • (2012) Climate Change Adaptation strategy
  • 364
    • 5344225280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological footprints and interdependencies of New Zealand regions
    • McDonald, G. and Patterson, M. (2004) ‘Ecological footprints and interdependencies of New Zealand regions’. Ecological Economics, 50(1-2): 49-67.
    • (2004) Ecological Economics , vol.50 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 49-67
    • McDonald, G.1    Patterson, M.2
  • 365
    • 0002500977 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the choice of residential location
    • edited by A. Karlquist, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd
    • McFadden, D. (1978) ‘Modelling the choice of residential location’. In Spatial Interaction Theory and Planning Models, edited by A. Karlquist, pp. 75-96. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd.
    • (1978) Spatial Interaction Theory and Planning Models , pp. 75-96
    • McFadden, D.1
  • 370
    • 0742318720 scopus 로고
    • The simplex method for local separable programming
    • edited by R.L. Graves and P. Wolfe, London: McGraw-Hill
    • Miller, C.E. (1963) ‘The simplex method for local separable programming’. In Recent Advances in Mathematical Programming, edited by R.L. Graves and P. Wolfe, pp. 89-100. London: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1963) Recent Advances in Mathematical Programming , pp. 89-100
    • Miller, C.E.1
  • 371
    • 1642271420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prototype model of household activity-travel scheduling
    • Miller, E. and Roorda, M. (2003) ‘A prototype model of household activity-travel scheduling’. Transportation Research Record, 1831(1): 114-121.
    • (2003) Transportation Research Record , vol.1831 , Issue.1 , pp. 114-121
    • Miller, E.1    Roorda, M.2
  • 373
    • 0034115077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making cold homes warmer: The effect of energy efficiency improvements in low-income homes
    • Milne, G. and Boardman, B. (2000) ‘Making cold homes warmer: The effect of energy efficiency improvements in low-income homes’. Energy Policy, 28(6-7): 411-424.
    • (2000) Energy Policy , vol.28 , Issue.6-7 , pp. 411-424
    • Milne, G.1    Boardman, B.2
  • 374
    • 0027786607 scopus 로고
    • Energy for secondary cities: The case of Nakuru, Kenya
    • Milukas, M.V. (1993) ‘Energy for secondary cities: The case of Nakuru, Kenya’. Energy Policy, 21(5): 543-558.
    • (1993) Energy Policy , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 543-558
    • Milukas, M.V.1
  • 376
    • 77953536806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to study urban heat island: Abilities and limitations
    • Mirzaei, P.A. and Haghighat, F. (2010) ‘Approaches to study urban heat island: Abilities and limitations’. Building and Environment, 45(10): 2192-2201.
    • (2010) Building and Environment , vol.45 , Issue.10 , pp. 2192-2201
    • Mirzaei, P.A.1    Haghighat, F.2
  • 379
    • 85087717939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy efficiency policies and initiatives for existing buildings in Germany
    • Paris, France
    • Modes, J. (2010) ‘Energy efficiency policies and initiatives for existing buildings in Germany’. In Conference on the Sustainable Buildings Network. Paris, France. http://www.iea.org/work/2010/sbn/modes.pdf.
    • (2010) Conference on the Sustainable Buildings Network
    • Modes, J.1
  • 380
    • 0019041575 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in energy efficiency of induction motors by means of voltage control
    • PAS
    • Mohan, N. (1980) ‘Improvement in energy efficiency of induction motors by means of voltage control’. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-99(4): 1466-1471.
    • (1980) IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems , vol.99 , Issue.4 , pp. 1466-1471
    • Mohan, N.1
  • 384
    • 34249694691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for detailed evaluation of fossil-energy saving by utilizing unused but possible energy-sources on a city scale
    • Mori, Y., Kikegawa, Y. and Uchida, H. (2007) ‘A model for detailed evaluation of fossil-energy saving by utilizing unused but possible energy-sources on a city scale’. Applied Energy, 84(9): 921-935.
    • (2007) Applied Energy , vol.84 , Issue.9 , pp. 921-935
    • Mori, Y.1    Kikegawa, Y.2    Uchida, H.3
  • 386
    • 33750527955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Municipal solid waste characterization and its assessment for potential methane generation: A case study
    • Mor, S., Ravindra, K., Visscher, A.D., Dahiya, R.P. and Chandra, A. (2006) ‘Municipal solid waste characterization and its assessment for potential methane generation: A case study’. Science of the Total Environment, 371(1-3): 1-10.
    • (2006) Science of the Total Environment , vol.371 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 1-10
    • Mor, S.1    Ravindra, K.2    Visscher, A.D.3    Dahiya, R.P.4    Chandra, A.5
  • 388
    • 84961808342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • MSE (2010) ‘Bilancio energetico nazionale 2010’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://dgerm.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/dgerm/ben/ben_2010.pdf.
    • (2010) Bilancio Energetico Nazionale 2010
  • 390
    • 85108976174 scopus 로고
    • Robust Optimization of Large-Scale Systems
    • Mulvey, J.M., Vanderbei, R.J. and Zenios, S.A. (1995) ‘Robust Optimization of Large-Scale Systems’. INFORMS, 43(2): 264-281.
    • (1995) INFORMS , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 264-281
    • Mulvey, J.M.1    Vanderbei, R.J.2    Zenios, S.A.3
  • 391
    • 84872860703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • NASA (2010) ‘Technology readiness levels demystified’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.nasa.gov/topics/aeronautics/features/trl_demystified.html.
    • (2010) Technology Readiness Levels Demystified
  • 392
    • 79953842529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, National Grid
    • National Grid (2009) The Potential for Renewable Gas in the UK. Technical report, National Grid. http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Media+Centre/Documents/biogas.htm.
    • (2009) The Potential for Renewable Gas in the UK
  • 394
    • 0017903774 scopus 로고
    • The metabolism of a city: The case of Hong Kong
    • Newcombe, K., Kalina, J. and Aston, A. (1978) ‘The metabolism of a city: The case of Hong Kong’. Ambio, 7: 3-15.
    • (1978) Ambio , vol.7 , pp. 3-15
    • Newcombe, K.1    Kalina, J.2    Aston, A.3
  • 395
    • 0033198891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainability and cities: Extending the metabolism model
    • Newman, P. (1999) ‘Sustainability and cities: Extending the metabolism model’. Landscape and Urban-Planning, 44: 219-226.
    • (1999) Landscape and Urban-Planning , vol.44 , pp. 219-226
    • Newman, P.1
  • 398
    • 0027020195 scopus 로고
    • Lethal model 2: The limits to growth revisited
    • Nordhaus, W.D. (1992) ‘Lethal model 2: The limits to growth revisited’. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2(1971): 1-59 http://www.brookings.edu/media/Files/Programs/ES/BPEA/1992_2_bpea_papersZ1992b_bpea_nordhaus_stavins_weitzman.pdf.
    • (1992) Brookings Papers on Economic Activity , vol.2 , pp. 1-59
    • Nordhaus, W.D.1
  • 401
    • 0000279106 scopus 로고
    • Self-organization, transformity, and information
    • Odum, H.T. (1988) ‘Self-organization, transformity, and information’. Science, 242(4882): 1132-1139.
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , Issue.4882 , pp. 1132-1139
    • Odum, H.T.1
  • 404
    • 84858046943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Office for Gas and Electricity Markets
    • Ofgem (2010) Renewables Obligation: Annual Report 2008-2009. Technical report, Office for Gas and Electricity Markets.
    • (2010) Renewables Obligation: Annual Report 2008-2009
  • 405
    • 79952663556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole building retrofits: A gateway to climate stablization
    • Olgyay, V. and Seruto, C. (2010) ‘Whole building retrofits: A gateway to climate stablization’. ASHRAE Transactions, 116(2): 244-251.
    • (2010) ASHRAE Transactions , vol.116 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-251
    • Olgyay, V.1    Seruto, C.2
  • 406
    • 84878259089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • ONS (2011) ‘UK business: Activity, size and location, 2011’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www. ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm:77-227577.
    • (2011) UK Business: Activity, Size and Location, 2011
  • 407
    • 60749123936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal design method for building energy systems using genetic algorithms
    • Ooka, R. and Komamura, K. (2009) ‘Optimal design method for building energy systems using genetic algorithms’. Building and Environment, 44(7): 1538-1544.
    • (2009) Building and Environment , vol.44 , Issue.7 , pp. 1538-1544
    • Ooka, R.1    Komamura, K.2
  • 408
    • 0025691023 scopus 로고
    • Local context and innovation diffusion in a well-connected world. Economic
    • Ormrod, R.K. (1990) ‘Local context and innovation diffusion in a well-connected world’. Economic Geography, 66(2): 109-122.
    • (1990) Geography , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-122
    • Ormrod, R.K.1
  • 409
    • 0035069940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Old technology and social innovations. Inside the Austrian success story on solar water heaters
    • Ornetzeder, M. (2001) ‘Old technology and social innovations. inside the Austrian success story on solar water heaters’. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 13(1): 105-115.
    • (2001) Technology Analysis and Strategic Management , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-115
    • Ornetzeder, M.1
  • 413
    • 0000763707 scopus 로고
    • Unified frameworks for optimal process planning and scheduling
    • edited by D.W.T. Rippin and J. Hale, Crested Butte, CO
    • Pantelides, C.C. (1994) ‘Unified frameworks for optimal process planning and scheduling’. In Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Operations, edited by D.W.T. Rippin and J. Hale, pp. 253-274. Crested Butte, CO.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the 2Nd Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Operations , pp. 253-274
    • Pantelides, C.C.1
  • 414
    • 0005002073 scopus 로고
    • A rule-based activity-travel scheduling algorithm integrating neural networks of behavioral adaptation
    • Eindhoven, NL
    • Pendyala, R., Kitamura, R. and Reddy, D. (1995) ‘A rule-based activity-travel scheduling algorithm integrating neural networks of behavioral adaptation’. In EIRASS Conference on Activity-Based Approaches. Eindhoven, NL.
    • (1995) EIRASS Conference on Activity-Based Approaches
    • Pendyala, R.1    Kitamura, R.2    Reddy, D.3
  • 415
    • 78149360761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat distribution and the future competitiveness of district heating
    • Persson, U. and Werner, S. (2011) ‘Heat distribution and the future competitiveness of district heating’. Applied Energy, 88(3): 568-576.
    • (2011) Applied Energy , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 568-576
    • Persson, U.1    Werner, S.2
  • 419
    • 70349203683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of pipeline versus truck transport of bio-oil
    • Pootakham, T. and Kumar, A. (2010) ‘A comparison of pipeline versus truck transport of bio-oil’. Bioresource Technology, 101(1): 414-421.
    • (2010) Bioresource Technology , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 414-421
    • Pootakham, T.1    Kumar, A.2
  • 422
    • 34247242204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual power plant and system integration of distributed energy resources
    • Pudjianto, D., Ramsay, C. and Strbac, G. (2007) ‘Virtual power plant and system integration of distributed energy resources’. IET Renewable Power Generation, 1(1): 10.
    • (2007) IET Renewable Power Generation , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 10
    • Pudjianto, D.1    Ramsay, C.2    Strbac, G.3
  • 423
    • 85087732407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R package version
    • Pujol, G. (2008) sensitivity: Sensitivity Analysis. R package version 1.4-0. http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sensitivity.
    • (2008) Sensitivity: Sensitivity Analysis , vol.1 , Issue.4
    • Pujol, G.1
  • 424
    • 43149110028 scopus 로고
    • EMPAL and DRAM location and land-use models: An overview
    • Dallas, TX
    • Putman, S. (1995) ‘EMPAL and DRAM location and land-use models: An overview’. In Land use Modelling Conference. Dallas, TX.
    • (1995) Land Use Modelling Conference
    • Putman, S.1
  • 425
  • 426
    • 79958012276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, Royal Academy of Engineering
    • RAE (2010) Electric Vehicles: Charged with Potential. Technical report, Royal Academy of Engineering. http://www.raeng.org.uk/news/publications/list/reports/Electric_Vehicles.pdf.
    • (2010) Electric Vehicles: Charged with Potential
  • 429
    • 0033199294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is post-normal science?
    • Ravetz, J. (1999) ‘What is post-normal science?’ Futures, 31(7): 647-653.
    • (1999) Futures , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 647-653
    • Ravetz, J.1
  • 430
    • 33644662518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: Vintage
    • Reader, J. (2005) Cities. London: Vintage.
    • (2005) Cities
    • Reader, J.1
  • 431
    • 67149087059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of metaheuristic techniques to determine optimal placement of biomass power plants
    • Reche-López, P., Ruiz-Reyes, N., García Galán, S. and Jurado, F. (2009) ‘Comparison of metaheuristic techniques to determine optimal placement of biomass power plants’. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(8): 2020-2028.
    • (2009) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.50 , Issue.8 , pp. 2020-2028
    • Reche-López, P.1    Ruiz-Reyes, N.2    García Galán, S.3    Jurado, F.4
  • 432
    • 0030183074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban ecological footprints: Why cities cannot be sustainable-and why they are a key to sustainability
    • Rees, W. and Wackernagel, M. (1996) ‘Urban ecological footprints: Why cities cannot be sustainable-and why they are a key to sustainability’. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 16(4-6): 223-248.
    • (1996) Environmental Impact Assessment Review , vol.16 , Issue.4-6 , pp. 223-248
    • Rees, W.1    Wackernagel, M.2
  • 435
    • 58649114708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative techno-economic analysis of ORC and gasification for bioenergy applications
    • Rentizelas, A., Karellas, S., Kakaras, E. and Tatsiopoulos, I. (2009) ‘Comparative techno-economic analysis of ORC and gasification for bioenergy applications’. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(3): 674-681.
    • (2009) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 674-681
    • Rentizelas, A.1    Karellas, S.2    Kakaras, E.3    Tatsiopoulos, I.4
  • 436
    • 59849126987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass district energy trigeneration systems: Emissions reduction and financial impacť
    • Rentizelas, A., Tolis, A. and Tatsiopoulos, I. (2008) ‘Biomass district energy trigeneration systems: Emissions reduction and financial impacť. Water Air Soil Pollution Focus, 9(1-2): 139-150.
    • (2008) Water Air Soil Pollution Focus , vol.9 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 139-150
    • Rentizelas, A.1    Tolis, A.2    Tatsiopoulos, I.3
  • 437
    • 77955582902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic electricity use: A high-resolution energy demand model
    • Richardson, I., Thomson, M., Infield, D. and Clifford, C. (2010) ‘Domestic electricity use: A high-resolution energy demand model’. Energy and Buildings, 42(10): 1878-1887.
    • (2010) Energy and Buildings , vol.42 , Issue.10 , pp. 1878-1887
    • Richardson, I.1    Thomson, M.2    Infield, D.3    Clifford, C.4
  • 438
    • 0004251136 scopus 로고
    • The greening of industrial ecosystems: Overview and perspective
    • Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • Richards, D., Brade, J., Allenby, R. and Frosch, R. (1994) ‘The greening of industrial ecosystems: Overview and perspective’. In The Greening of Industrial Ecosystems, pp. 1-22. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
    • (1994) The Greening of Industrial Ecosystems , pp. 1-22
    • Richards, D.1    Brade, J.2    Allenby, R.3    Frosch, R.4
  • 439
    • 85087733757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Langfristige Auswirkungen sich verändernder Stromkosten auf eine dezentrale Energieversorgung in urbanen Energiesystemen
    • Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik
    • Richter, S. and Hamacher, T. (2003) ‘Langfristige Auswirkungen sich verändernder Stromkosten auf eine dezentrale Energieversorgung in urbanen Energiesystemen‘In Power-Gen Europe 2003. Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik. https://www.dpg-physik.de/dpg/gliederung/ak/ake/tagungen/vortragssammlung/04/13-Richter.pdf.
    • (2003) Power-Gen Europe 2003
    • Richter, S.1    Hamacher, T.2
  • 440
    • 85087696056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case studies of interdisciplinary research projects on urban futures: Process and lessons learneď
    • Zürich, CH
    • Robinson, D. (2009) ‘Case studies of interdisciplinary research projects on urban futures: Process and lessons learneď. In Understanding the Dimensions of Urban Futures Research: Tackling Complex Reality, pp. 12-14. Zürich, CH. http://www.ags.ethz.ch/research/AGSatETH_urbanfutures_seminar.pdf.
    • (2009) Understanding the Dimensions of Urban Futures Research: Tackling Complex Reality , pp. 12-14
    • Robinson, D.1
  • 442
    • 0004267646 scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Rockafellar, R.T. (1970) Convex Analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1970) Convex Analysis
    • Rockafellar, R.T.1
  • 443
    • 0002062038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of conditional value-at-risk
    • Rockafellar, R.T. (2000) ‘Optimization of conditional value-at-risk’ The Journal of Risk, 2: 21-41.
    • (2000) The Journal of Risk , vol.2 , pp. 21-41
    • Rockafellar, R.T.1
  • 446
    • 0036130128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Green buildings in context: Improving social learning processes between users and producers
    • Rohracher, H. and Ornetzeder, M. (2002) ‘Green buildings in context: Improving social learning processes between users and producers’. Built Environment, 28(1): 73-84.
    • (2002) Built Environment , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-84
    • Rohracher, H.1    Ornetzeder, M.2
  • 448
    • 0242666311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal supply and demand investments in municipal energy systems
    • Rolfsman, B. (2004) ‘Optimal supply and demand investments in municipal energy systems’. Energy Conversion and Management, 45(4): 595-611.
    • (2004) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 595-611
    • Rolfsman, B.1
  • 450
    • 85087696127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: GAMS Development Corporation
    • Rosenthal, R.E. (2012) GAM5: A User’s Guide. Washington, DC: GAMS Development Corporation. http://www.gams.com/dd/docs/bigdocs/GAMSUsersGuide.pdf.
    • (2012) GAM5: A User’s Guide
    • Rosenthal, R.E.1
  • 452
    • 0004261679 scopus 로고
    • Columbia University Press
    • Rosen, R. (1991) Life Itself. Columbia University Press.
    • (1991) Life Itself
    • Rosen, R.1
  • 453
    • 79953284145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane
    • Ryckebosch, E., Drouillon, M. and Vervaeren, H. (2011) ‘Techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane’. Biomass a-nd Bioenergy, 35(5): 1633-1645.
    • (2011) Biomass A-Nd Bioenergy , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 1633-1645
    • Ryckebosch, E.1    Drouillon, M.2    Vervaeren, H.3
  • 454
    • 84863304598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
    • Vienna, Austria
    • R Development Core Team (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/.
    • (2011) R Foundation for Statistical Computing
    • Development Core Team, R.1
  • 456
    • 1942500445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization under uncertainty: State of the art and opportunities
    • Sahinidis, N.V. (2004) ‘Optimization under uncertainty: State of the art and opportunities’. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 28: 971-983.
    • (2004) Computers and Chemical Engineering , vol.28 , pp. 971-983
    • Sahinidis, N.V.1
  • 463
    • 77952585853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical report, International Energy Agency
    • SBGF, SGC and Swedish Gas Association (2008) Biogas from manure and waste products, Swedish esse studies. Technical report, International Energy Agency. http://www.iea-biogas.net/_download/publi-task37/publi-member/Swedish_report_08.pdf.
    • (2008) Biogas from Manure and Waste Products, Swedish Esse Studies
  • 465
    • 79955435708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from the London Climate Change Strategy: Focusing on combined heat and power and distributed generation
    • Schulz, N. (2010) ‘Lessons from the London Climate Change Strategy: Focusing on combined heat and power and distributed generation’. Journal of Urban Technology, 17(3): 3-23.
    • (2010) Journal of Urban Technology , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 3-23
    • Schulz, N.1
  • 467
    • 12444339364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergy and exergy analyses: Complementary methods or irreducible ideological options?
    • Sciubba, E. and Ulgiati, S. (2005) ‘Emergy and exergy analyses: Complementary methods or irreducible ideological options? Energy, 30(10): 1953-1988.
    • (2005) Energy , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1953-1988
    • Sciubba, E.1    Ulgiati, S.2
  • 468
    • 0039816804 scopus 로고
    • Warner Brothers Pictures
    • Scott, R. (1982) Blade Runner. Warner Brothers Pictures.
    • (1982) Blade Runner
    • Scott, R.1
  • 469
    • 84918528994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012
    • SEDAC-CIESIN (2012) ‘Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project GRUMP”. Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012. http://sedac.ciesin.org/gpw/index.jsp.
    • (2012) Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (RUMP
  • 470
    • 49249129303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchy, cities size distribution and Zipfs law
    • Semboloni, F. (2008) ‘Hierarchy, cities size distribution and Zipfs law’ The European Physical Journal B, 63(3): 295-301.
    • (2008) The European Physical Journal B , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-301
    • Semboloni, F.1
  • 472
    • 33644986286 scopus 로고
    • Explaining the collapse of the British electrical supply industry in the 1880s: Gas versus electric lighting prices
    • Shiman, R. (1993) ‘Explaining the collapse of the British electrical supply industry in the 1880s: Gas versus electric lighting prices’, Business, 22(1): 318-327.
    • (1993) Business , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 318-327
    • Shiman, R.1
  • 473
    • 0032447175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaps, barriers and conceptual chasms: Theories of technology transfer and energy in building
    • Shove, E. (1998) ‘Gaps, barriers and conceptual chasms: Theories of technology transfer and energy in building’. Energy Policy, 26(15): 1105-1112.
    • (1998) Energy Policy , vol.26 , Issue.15 , pp. 1105-1112
    • Shove, E.1
  • 475
  • 476
  • 477
    • 0000629644 scopus 로고
    • Theories of decision-making in economics and behavioral science
    • Simon, H. (1959) ‘Theories of decision-making in economics and behavioral science’. The American Economic Review, 49(3): 253-283.
    • (1959) The American Economic Review , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-283
    • Simon, H.1
  • 479
  • 481
    • 84862835275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated modelling of urban energy systems: Results from a London case study
    • Glasgow
    • Sivakumar, A., Keirstead, J. and Polak, J.W. (2010a) ‘Integrated modelling of urban energy systems: Results from a London case study’. In European Transport Conference. Glasgow.
    • (2010) European Transport Conference
    • Sivakumar, A.1    Keirstead, J.2    Polak, J.W.3
  • 482
    • 84862835275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated modelling of the demand and supply vectors in urban energy systems: Conceptual and modelling frameworks for the development of a new toolkit
    • Glasgow
    • Sivakumar, A., Keirstead, J. and Polak, J. (2010b) ‘Integrated modelling of the demand and supply vectors in urban energy systems: Conceptual and modelling frameworks for the development of a new toolkit’. In European Transport Conference. Glasgow.
    • (2010) European Transport Conference
    • Sivakumar, A.1    Keirstead, J.2    Polak, J.3
  • 483
    • 85087714565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the endogeneity in activity participation and technology holdings: An exploration of data pooling techniques
    • Harrogate
    • Sivakumar, A. and Polak, J.W. (2009) ‘Modelling the endogeneity in activity participation and technology holdings: An exploration of data pooling techniques’. In International Choice Modelling Conference. Harrogate.
    • (2009) International Choice Modelling Conference
    • Sivakumar, A.1    Polak, J.W.2
  • 491
    • 0036891116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovation studies in the 21st century: Questions from a users perspective
    • Smits, R. (2002) ‘Innovation studies in the 21st century: Questions from a user’s perspective’. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 69(9): 861-883.
    • (2002) Technological Forecasting and Social Change , vol.69 , Issue.9 , pp. 861-883
    • Smits, R.1
  • 495
    • 49549130575 scopus 로고
    • A urban agro-ecosystem: The example of nineteenth-century Paris
    • Stanhill, G. (1977) ‘A urban agro-ecosystem: The example of nineteenth-century Paris’. Agro-Ecosystems, 3: 269-284.
    • (1977) Agro-Ecosystems , vol.3 , pp. 269-284
    • Stanhill, G.1
  • 496
    • 85056435016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking transport and land use planning: The microscopic dynamic simulation model ILUMASS
    • edited by P.M. Atkinson, G.M. Foody, S.E. Darby and F. Wu, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Strauch, D., Moeckel, R., Wegener, M., Gräfe, J., Muhlhans, H., Rindsfuser, G. and Beckmann, K.J. (2005) ‘Linking transport and land use planning: The microscopic dynamic simulation model ILUMASS’. In Geodynamics, edited by P.M. Atkinson, G.M. Foody, S.E. Darby and F. Wu, pp. 295-311. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
    • (2005) Geodynamics , pp. 295-311
    • Strauch, D.1    Moeckel, R.2    Wegener, M.3    Gräfe, J.4    Muhlhans, H.5    Rindsfuser, G.6    Beckmann, K.J.7
  • 497
    • 55249107975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demand side management: Benefits and challenges
    • Strbac, G. (2008) ‘Demand side management: Benefits and challenges’. Energy Policy, 36(12): 4419-4426.
    • (2008) Energy Policy , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 4419-4426
    • Strbac, G.1
  • 498
    • 84856991721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical Truths About Power Laws
    • Stumpf, M.P.H. and Porter, M.A. (2012) ‘Critical Truths About Power Laws’. Science, 335(6069): 665-666.
    • (2012) Science , vol.335 , Issue.6069 , pp. 665-666
    • Stumpf, M.P.H.1    Porter, M.A.2
  • 499
    • 0034273984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction effects in optimising a municipal energy system
    • Sundberg, G. and Karlsson, B. (2000) ‘Interaction effects in optimising a municipal energy system’. Energy, 25(9): 877-891.
    • (2000) Energy , vol.25 , Issue.9 , pp. 877-891
    • Sundberg, G.1    Karlsson, B.2
  • 502
    • 85087703779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed: 14 June 2012
    • The City of New York (2011) ‘PlaNYC’. Accessed: 14 June 2012. http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/html/home/home.shtml.
    • (2011) PlaNYC
  • 503
    • 0041776941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste
    • The Council of the European Union (1999) ‘Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste’. Official Journal of the European Communities, 182: 1-19. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31999L0031:EN:NOT.
    • (1999) Official Journal of the European Communities , vol.182 , pp. 1-19
  • 506
    • 3242753674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Howard T. Odums contribution to the laws of energy
    • Tilley, D.R. (2004) ‘Howard T. Odum’s contribution to the laws of energy’. Ecological Modelling, 178(1-2): 121-125.
    • (2004) Ecological Modelling , vol.178 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 121-125
    • Tilley, D.R.1
  • 507
    • 0000565591 scopus 로고
    • A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region
    • Supplement: Proceedings. International Geographical Union. Commission on Quantitative Methods
    • Tobler, W.R. (1970) ‘A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region’. Economic Geography, 46 (Supplement: Proceedings. International Geographical Union. Commission on Quantitative Methods): 234-240.
    • (1970) Economic Geography , vol.46 , pp. 234-240
    • Tobler, W.R.1
  • 508
    • 40149098961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do liberalised electricity markets help or hinder CHP and district heating? The case of the UK
    • Toke, D. and Fragaki, A. (2008) ‘Do liberalised electricity markets help or hinder CHP and district heating? the case of the UK’. Energy Policy, 36(4): 1448-1456.
    • (2008) Energy Policy , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 1448-1456
    • Toke, D.1    Fragaki, A.2
  • 510
    • 0019227325 scopus 로고
    • The potential market for non-gasoline-powered automobiles
    • Train, K. (1980) ‘The potential market for non-gasoline-powered automobiles’. Transportation Research Part A: General, 14(5-6): 405-14.
    • (1980) Transportation Research Part A: General , vol.14 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 405-414
    • Train, K.1
  • 512
    • 53249107548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of The Limits to Growth with 30 years of reality
    • Turner, G.M. (2008) ‘A comparison of The Limits to Growth with 30 years of reality’. Global Environmental Change, 18(3): 397-411.
    • (2008) Global Environmental Change , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-411
    • Turner, G.M.1
  • 513
    • 33749497015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horse traction in Victorian London
    • Turvey, R. (2005) ‘Horse traction in Victorian London’. The Journal of Transport Historky, 26(2): 38-59.
    • (2005) The Journal of Transport Historky , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 38-59
    • Turvey, R.1
  • 514
    • 58649086732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-period MINLP model for optimising operation and structural changes to CHP plants in district heating networks with long-term thermal storage
    • Tveit, T., Savola, T., Gebremedhin, A. and Fogelholm, C. (2009) ‘Multi-period MINLP model for optimising operation and structural changes to CHP plants in district heating networks with long-term thermal storage’. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(3): 639-647.
    • (2009) Energy Conversion and Management , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 639-647
    • Tveit, T.1    Savola, T.2    Gebremedhin, A.3    Fogelholm, C.4
  • 516
    • 85087730930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • University of Wisconsin Madison (2012) ‘NEOS Wiki’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.neos-guide.org/NEOS/index.php/NEOS:About.
    • (2012) NEOS Wiki
  • 517
    • 0034308076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding carbon lock-in
    • Unruh, G.C. and Einstein, A. (2000) ‘Understanding carbon lock-in’. Energy Policy, 28(12): 817-830.
    • (2000) Energy Policy , vol.28 , Issue.12 , pp. 817-830
    • Unruh, G.C.1    Einstein, A.2
  • 518
    • 77954720008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • UNSD (2011) ‘Population density and urbanization’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sconcerns/densurb/densurbanNotes.htm.
    • (2011) Population Density and Urbanization
  • 521
    • 45449120443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-treatment technologies, and their effect on international bioenergy supply chain logistics. Techno-economic evaluation of torréfaction, fast pyrolysis and pelletisation
    • Uslu, A., Faaij, A. and Bergman, P. (2008) ‘Pre-treatment technologies, and their effect on international bioenergy supply chain logistics. techno-economic evaluation of torréfaction, fast pyrolysis and pelletisation’. Energy, 33(8): 1206-1223.
    • (2008) Energy , vol.33 , Issue.8 , pp. 1206-1223
    • Uslu, A.1    Faaij, A.2    Bergman, P.3
  • 523
    • 85087663716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • US EPA (2011) ‘Catalogue of CHP technologies’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://www.epa.gov/chp/basic/catalog.html.
    • (2011) Catalogue of CHP Technologies
  • 525
    • 61549091537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of biomass district heating systems
    • Vallios, I., Tsoutsos, T. and Papadakis, G. (2009) ‘Design of biomass district heating systems’. Biomass a-nd Bioenergy, 33(4): 659-678.
    • (2009) Biomass A-Nd Bioenergy , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 659-678
    • Vallios, I.1    Tsoutsos, T.2    Papadakis, G.3
  • 526
    • 79961128872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: A review
    • Van Der Stelt, M.J.C., Gerhauser, H., Kiel, J.H.A. and Ptasinski, K.J. (2011) ‘Biomass upgrading by torrefaction for the production of biofuels: A review’. Biomass a-nd Bioenergy, 35(9): 3748-3762.
    • (2011) Biomass A-Nd Bioenergy , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 3748-3762
    • Van Der Stelt, M.J.C.1    Gerhauser, H.2    Kiel, J.H.A.3    Ptasinski, K.J.4
  • 527
    • 76049087807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear mixed-integer models for biomass supply chains with transport, storage and processing
    • van Dyken, S., Bakken, B.H. and Skjelbred, H.I. (2010) ‘Linear mixed-integer models for biomass supply chains with transport, storage and processing’. Energy, 35(3): 1338-1350.
    • (2010) Energy , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 1338-1350
    • Van Dyken, S.1    Bakken, B.H.2    Skjelbred, H.I.3
  • 529
    • 33845394491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ongoing energy transition: Lessons from a socio-technical, multi-level analysis of the Dutch electricity system (1960-2004)
    • Verbong, G. and Geels, F. (2007) ‘The ongoing energy transition: Lessons from a socio-technical, multi-level analysis of the Dutch electricity system (1960-2004)’. Energy Policy, 35(2): 1025-1037.
    • (2007) Energy Policy , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 1025-1037
    • Verbong, G.1    Geels, F.2
  • 530
    • 0020186271 scopus 로고
    • A system model of combined heat and power generation in district heating
    • Verbruggen, A. (1982) ‘A system model of combined heat and power generation in district heating’. Resources and Energy, 4(3): 231-263.
    • (1982) Resources and Energy , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-263
    • Verbruggen, A.1
  • 531
    • 4444369422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term traffic forecasting: Overview of objectives and methods
    • Vlahogianni, E.I., Golias, J.C. and Karlaftis, M.G. (2004) ‘Short-term traffic forecasting: Overview of objectives and methods’. Transport Reviews, 24(5): 533-557.
    • (2004) Transport Reviews , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 533-557
    • Vlahogianni, E.I.1    Golias, J.C.2    Karlaftis, M.G.3
  • 532
    • 33749997215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lock-in and change: Distributed generation in Denmark in a long-term perspective
    • Vleuten, E.v.d. and Raven, R. (2006) ‘Lock-in and change: Distributed generation in Denmark in a long-term perspective’. Energy Policy, 34(18): 3739-3748.
    • (2006) Energy Policy , vol.34 , Issue.18 , pp. 3739-3748
    • Vleuten, E.V.D.1    Raven, R.2
  • 537
    • 0033367888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the use of natural capital with the ecological footprint, applications in Sweden and subregions
    • Wackernagel, M., Lewan, L. and Borgstromm Hansson, C. (1999) ‘Evaluating the use of natural capital with the ecological footprint, applications in Sweden and subregions’. Ambio, 28(7): 604.
    • (1999) Ambio , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 604
    • Wackernagel, M.1    Lewan, L.2    Borgstromm Hansson, C.3
  • 539
    • 0036315749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UrbanSim: Modeling urban development for land use, transportation, and environmental planning
    • Waddell, P. (2002) ‘UrbanSim: Modeling urban development for land use, transportation, and environmental planning’. Journal of the American Planning Association, 68(3): 297-314.
    • (2002) Journal of the American Planning Association , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-314
    • Waddell, P.1
  • 541
    • 38849131399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ban land use, transport and environment models: Experiences with an integrated microscopic approach
    • Wagner, P. and Wegener, M. (2007) ‘Urban land use, transport and environment models: Experiences with an integrated microscopic approach’. disP-The Planning Review, 170(3/2000): 46-56.
    • (2007) Disp-the Planning Review , vol.170 , Issue.3-2000 , pp. 46-56
    • Wagner, P.1    Wegener, M.2
  • 542
    • 33746814429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adsorption refrigeration-an efficient way to make good use of waste heat and solar energy
    • Wang, R. and Oliveira, R. (2006) ‘Adsorption refrigeration-an efficient way to make good use of waste heat and solar energy’. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 32(4): 424-458.
    • (2006) Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 424-458
    • Wang, R.1    Oliveira, R.2
  • 543
    • 0035543518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escalating trends in the urban metabolism of Hong Kong: 1971-1997
    • Warren-Rhodes, K. and Koenig, A. (2001) ‘Escalating trends in the urban metabolism of Hong Kong: 1971-1997’. Ambio, 30(7): 429-438.
    • (2001) Ambio , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 429-438
    • Warren-Rhodes, K.1    Koenig, A.2
  • 544
    • 77954622302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy use and economic development: A comparative analysis of useful work supply in Austria, Japan, the United Kingdom and the US during 100 years of economic growth
    • Warr, B., Ayres, R., Eisenmenger, N., Krausmann, F. and Schandl, H. (2010) ‘Energy use and economic development: A comparative analysis of useful work supply in Austria, Japan, the United Kingdom and the US during 100 years of economic growth’. Ecological Economics, 69(10): 1904-1917.
    • (2010) Ecological Economics , vol.69 , Issue.10 , pp. 1904-1917
    • Warr, B.1    Ayres, R.2    Eisenmenger, N.3    Krausmann, F.4    Schandl, H.5
  • 545
    • 0003545437 scopus 로고
    • World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford University Press
    • WCED (1987) Our common future. Oxford: World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford University Press.
    • (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford
  • 547
    • 79551531006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimisation based design of a district energy system for an eco-town in the United Kingdom
    • Weber, C. and Shah, N. (2011) ‘Optimisation based design of a district energy system for an eco-town in the United Kingdom’. Energy, 36: 1292-1308.
    • (2011) Energy , vol.36 , pp. 1292-1308
    • Weber, C.1    Shah, N.2
  • 550
    • 33747598813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of land use transport models
    • edited by D.A. Hensher and K. Button, chapter 9, Oxford: Pergamon, Elsevier Science Ltd
    • Wegener, M. (2004) ‘Overview of land use transport models’. In Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems, edited by D.A. Hensher and K. Button, chapter 9, pp. 127-146. Oxford: Pergamon, Elsevier Science Ltd.
    • (2004) Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems , pp. 127-146
    • Wegener, M.1
  • 553
    • 84949773663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Country report Switzerland on task 1: System analysis and state of the art in standardisation
    • Paris: Interational Energy Agency
    • Wemhoner, C. and Afjei, T. (2003) ‘Country report Switzerland on task 1: System analysis and state of the art in standardisation’. In IEA Heat Pump Programme. Paris: Interational Energy Agency.
    • (2003) IEA Heat Pump Programme
    • Wemhoner, C.1    Afjei, T.2
  • 554
    • 0030932272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology
    • West, G.B., Brown, J.H. and Enquist, B.J. (1997) ‘A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology’. Science, 276(5309): 122-126.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , Issue.5309 , pp. 122-126
    • West, G.B.1    Brown, J.H.2    Enquist, B.J.3
  • 555
    • 0025478034 scopus 로고
    • A bibliography on the applications of mathematical programming multiple-objective methods
    • White, D.J. (1990) ‘A bibliography on the applications of mathematical programming multiple-objective methods’. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41(8): 669-691.
    • (1990) Journal of the Operational Research Society , vol.41 , Issue.8 , pp. 669-691
    • White, D.J.1
  • 556
    • 77950861438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution stochastic model of domestic activity patterns and electricity demand
    • Widén, J. and Wäckelgärd, E. (2010) ‘A high-resolution stochastic model of domestic activity patterns and electricity demand’. Applied Energy, 87(6): 1880-1892.
    • (2010) Applied Energy , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 1880-1892
    • Widén, J.1    Wäckelgärd, E.2
  • 561
    • 85087734795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012
    • Wilson, M. (2007) ‘‘Hot Tub’ Nuclear Reactor Could Power Cities’. Online. Accessed: 27 July 2012. http://gizmodo.com/326125/hot-tub-nuclear-reactor-could-power-cities.
    • (2007) Hot Tub’ Nuclear Reactor Could Power Cities
    • Wilson, M.1
  • 562
    • 0009505305 scopus 로고
    • Forecasting the ultimate acceptance of an innovation: The effects of information
    • Wilton, P.C. and Pessemier, E.A. (1981) ‘Forecasting the ultimate acceptance of an innovation: The effects of information’. Journal of Consumer Research, 8(2): 162-171.
    • (1981) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 162-171
    • Wilton, P.C.1    Pessemier, E.A.2
  • 563
    • 1042305355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical Report NREL/SR-570-25918, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
    • Wiltsee, G. (1999) Urban Wood Waste Resource Assessment. Technical Report NREL/SR-570-25918, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jspPosti_id: 6088357.
    • (1999) Urban Wood Waste Resource Assessment
    • Wiltsee, G.1
  • 564
    • 75749131598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European biomass resource potential and costs
    • Wit, M.D. and Faaij, A. (2010) ‘European biomass resource potential and costs’. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34(2): 188-202.
    • (2010) Biomass and Bioenergy , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 188-202
    • Wit, M.D.1    Faaij, A.2
  • 565
    • 0003364111 scopus 로고
    • Methods of nonlinear programming
    • edited by R. Graves and P. Wolfe. London: McGraw-Hill
    • Wolfe, P. (1963) ‘Methods of nonlinear programming’. In Recent Advances in Mathematical Programming, edited by R. Graves and P. Wolfe. London: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1963) Recent Advances in Mathematical Programming
    • Wolfe, P.1
  • 566
    • 85087724745 scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Philip Wolfes review of nonlinear programming
    • edited by R. Fletcher. University of Keele: Academic Press
    • Wolfe, P. (1968) ‘Introduction: Philip Wolfe’s review of nonlinear programming’. In Optimization: Symposium of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications, edited by R. Fletcher. University of Keele: Academic Press.
    • (1968) Optimization: Symposium of the Institute of Mathematics and Its Applications
    • Wolfe, P.1
  • 567
    • 0020495993 scopus 로고
    • Universality and complexity in cellular automata
    • Wolfram, S. (1984) ‘Universality and complexity in cellular automata’. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 10(1-2): 1-35.
    • (1984) Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena , vol.10 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-35
    • Wolfram, S.1
  • 568
    • 70449549269 scopus 로고
    • The metabolism of cities
    • Wolman, A. (1965) ‘The metabolism of cities’. Scientific American, 213(3): 178-190.
    • (1965) Scientific American , vol.213 , Issue.3 , pp. 178-190
    • Wolman, A.1
  • 571
    • 85087676710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012
    • World Bank (2005) ‘Poverty statistics for Kenya’. Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012. http://povertydata. worldbank.org/.
    • (2005) Poverty Statistics for Kenya
  • 573
    • 85087714570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: World Bank
    • World Bank (2011) O-ne Goal, Two Paths. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/book/9780821388372.
    • (2011) O-Ne Goal, Two Paths
  • 574
    • 55949114541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed processing of biomass to bio-oil for subsequent production of Fischer-Tropsch liquids
    • Wright, M.M., Brown, R.C. and Boateng, A.A. (2008) ‘Distributed processing of biomass to bio-oil for subsequent production of Fischer-Tropsch liquids’. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2(3): 229-238.
    • (2008) Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 229-238
    • Wright, M.M.1    Brown, R.C.2    Boateng, A.A.3
  • 576
    • 33846304143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012
    • WRI/WBCSD (2011) ‘The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative’. Online. Accessed: 26 July 2012. http://www.ghgprotocol.org/.
    • (2011) The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative
  • 579
    • 0242600561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion of green power products in Switzerland
    • Wüstenhagen, R., Markard, J. and Truffer, B. (2003) ‘Diffusion of green power products in Switzerland’. Energy Policy, 31(7): 621-632.
    • (2003) Energy Policy , vol.31 , Issue.7 , pp. 621-632
    • Wüstenhagen, R.1    Markard, J.2    Truffer, B.3
  • 580
    • 33749596011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined cooling, heating and power: A review
    • Wu, D. and Wang, R. (2006) ‘Combined cooling, heating and power: A review’. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 32(5-6): 459-495.
    • (2006) Progress in Energy and Combustion Science , vol.32 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 459-495
    • Wu, D.1    Wang, R.2
  • 581
    • 0008588785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gland, CH: WWF International
    • WWF (2006) Living Planet Report. Gland, CH: WWF International. http://assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report.pdf.
    • (2006) Living Planet Report
  • 582
    • 0034040163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scenario analysis of bioenergy resources and CO2 emissions with a global land use and energy model
    • Yamamoto, H., Yamaji, K. and Fujino, J. (2000) ‘Scenario analysis of bioenergy resources and CO2 emissions with a global land use and energy model’. Applied Energy, 66(4): 325-337.
    • (2000) Applied Energy , vol.66 , Issue.4 , pp. 325-337
    • Yamamoto, H.1    Yamaji, K.2    Fujino, J.3
  • 584
    • 80052080990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep energy retrofit of commercial buildings: A key pathway toward low-carbon cities
    • Zhai, J., LeClaire, N. and Bendewald, M. (2011) ‘Deep energy retrofit of commercial buildings: A key pathway toward low-carbon cities’. Carbon Management, 2(4): 425-430.
    • (2011) Carbon Management , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 425-430
    • Zhai, J.1    Leclaire, N.2    Bendewald, M.3
  • 585
    • 33749243953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of a space heating and cooling system with seasonal energy storage
    • Zhang, H.F., Ge, X.S. and Ye, H. (2007) ‘Modeling of a space heating and cooling system with seasonal energy storage’. Energy, 32(1): 51-58.
    • (2007) Energy , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-58
    • Zhang, H.F.1    Ge, X.S.2    Ye, H.3
  • 586
    • 81155134762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observed changes of temperature extremes during 19602005 in China: Natural or human-induced variations?
    • Zhang, Q., Li, J., Chen, Y.D. and Chen, X. (2011) ‘Observed changes of temperature extremes during 19602005 in China: Natural or human-induced variations?’ Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 106(3-4): 417-431.
    • (2011) Theoretical and Applied Climatology , vol.106 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 417-431
    • Zhang, Q.1    Li, J.2    Chen, Y.D.3    Chen, X.4
  • 588
    • 13144250646 scopus 로고
    • Energy economic theory and mathematical models for combining the systems of man and nature. Case study, the urban region of Miami
    • Zucchetto, J. (1975) ‘Energy economic theory and mathematical models for combining the systems of man and nature. Case study, the urban region of Miami’. Ecological Modelling, 1: 241-268.
    • (1975) Ecological Modelling , vol.1 , pp. 241-268
    • Zucchetto, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.