Opinion of the Scientific Committee related to Uncertainties in Dietary Exposure Assessment

EFSA Journal

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2007, Pages

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

deterministic risk assessment; dietary exposure; exposure assessment; probabilistic risk assessment; qualitative risk assessment; Uncertainty

Indexed keywords

EID: 85078382568     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18314732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.438     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Becker W. Validity of databases on dietary iron - some examples. In: Iron Nutrition in Health and Disease (eds L Hallberg, N-G Asp), pp. 117–21, John Libbey, 1996.
2. Brussard JH, Lowik MRH, Steingrimsdottir L, Moller A, Kearney J, De Henauw S, Becker W, for the EFCOSUM group 2002. A European food consumption survey method - conclusions and recommendations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56: S89–S94 Suppl. 2.
3. Codex (Codex Alimentarius Commission) 2003. Procedural Manual 13th Edition. Available at www.codexalimentarius.net/procedural_manual.stm.
4. Cullen AC and Frey HC 1999. Probabilistic techniques in exposure assessment. A handbook for dealing with variability and uncertainty in models and inputs. Plenum Press, NY.
5. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2004. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant health, Plant protection products and their Residues on a request from Commission related to the evaluation of methamidophos in ecotoxicology in the context of Council Directive 91/414. The EFSA Journal 144, 1–50. www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/ppr/ppr_opinions/639.html.
6. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2005a. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant health, Plant protection products and their Residues on a request from Commission related to the evaluation of pirimicarb in the context of Council Directive 91/414/EEC. The EFSA Journal 240, 1–21. www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/ppr/ppr_opinions/1063.html.
7. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2005b. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant health, Plant protection products and their Residues on a request from Commission related to the appropriate variability factor(s) to be used for acute dietary exposure assessment of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables. The EFSA Journal 177, 1–61. www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/ppr/ppr_opinions/823.html.
8. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2005c. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission on the application of A Total Reduction Factor of 5 for di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate used as plasticiser in flexible PVC food packaging films. The EFSA Journal 217, 1–5. www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/afc/afc_opinions/1155.html.
9. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2005d. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on a request from EFSA related to Exposure Assessments. The EFSA Journal, 249, 1–26. www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/sc_commitee/sc_opinions/1028.html.
10. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2006a. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain on a request from the Commission related to Ochratoxin A in Food. The EFSA Journal 365, 1–56. www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/contam/contam_opinions/1521.html.
11. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2006b. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant Protection products and their Residues on a request from the Commission on the safety of Aldicarb MRLs. The EFSA Journal 409, 1–23. www.efsa.europa.eu/en/science/ppr/ppr_opinions/ej409_aldicarb.html.
12. EC (European Commission) 2000. Communication from the Commission on the precautionary principle. COM(2000) 1 final, Brussels. ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/library/pub/pub07_en.pdf.
13. EC (European Commission) 2003a. The future of risk assessment in the European Union. Scientific Steering Committee. The second report on the harmonisation of risk assessment procedures. Scientific Steering Committee. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
14. EC (European Commission) 2003b. Report on probabilistic risk assessment. Appendix 4 In: The future of risk assessment in the European Union. The second report on the harmonisation of risk assessment procedures. Scientific Steering Committee. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
15. EC (European Commission) 2003c. Risk assessment of food borne bacterial pathogens: Quantitative methodology relevant for human exposure assessment. Appendix 3 in: The future of risk assessment in the European Union. The second report on the harmonisation of risk assessment procedures. Scientific Steering Committee. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium. www.foodsafetynetwork.ca/articles/379/foodborne_pathogens.pdf.
16. Ferson S 2002. RAMAS Risk Calc 4.0 Software: Risk Assessment with Uncertain Numbers. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida.
17. Gibney MJ and van der Voet H 2003. Introduction to the Monte Carlo project and the approach to the validation of probabilistic models of dietary exposure to selected food chemicals. Food Additives and Contaminants, 20 (suppl. 1): S1–S7.
18. Hamilton D, Ambrus A, Dieterle R, Felsot A, Harris C, Petersen B, Racke K, Wong SS, Gonzalez R, Tanaka K, Earl M, Roberts G, Bhula R, 2004. Pesticide residues in food – acute dietary exposure. Pest Management Science, 60, 311–339.
19. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2005. Guidance Notes for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report on Addressing Uncertainties”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, WMP and UNEP, July 2005.
20. IPCS/WHO (International Programme on Chemical Safety/World Health Organization), in preparation. Principles of uncertainty analysis for human exposure assessments. Exposure Modelling Subcommittee of the IPCS Harmonization Project, Exposure Assessment Working Group, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva.
21. Johnson BB and Slovic P 1995. Presenting uncertainty in health risk assessment: Initial studies of its effects on risk perception and trust. Risk Analysis 15, 485–494.
22. Johnson BB and Slovic P 1998. Lay views on uncertainty in environmental health risk assessments. Journal of Risk Research, 1, 261–279.
23. Kroes R, Muller D, Lambe J, Lowik MRH, van Klaveren J, Kleiner J, Massey R, Mayer S, Urieta I, Verger P, Visconti A, 2002. Assessment of intake from the diet. Food and Chemical Toxicology 40: 327–385.
24. Madelin R 2004. The importance of scientific advice in the Community decision making process. Opening address to the Inaugural Joint Meeting of the members of the Non-Food Scientific Committees. Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission, Brussels.
25. Mokhtari A and Frey HC 2005. Recommended practice regarding selection of sensitivity analysis methods applied to microbial food safety process risk models. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 11: 591–605.
26. Morgan MG and Henrion M 1990. Uncertainty.Cambridge University Press.
27. Nusser SM, Carriquiry AL, Dodd KW, and Fuller WA, 1996. A semiparametric transformation approach to estimating usual daily intake distributions. J. Amer. Stats. Assoc. 91, 1440–1449.
28. Renwick AG, Barlow SM, Hertz-Picciotto I, Boobis AR, Dybing E, Edler L, Eisenbrand G, Greig JB, Kleiner J, Lambe J, Muller DJG, Smith MR, Tritscher A, Tuijtelaars S, van den Brandt PA, Walker R, Kroes R, 2003. Risk characterisation of chemicals in food and diet. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 41, 1211–1271.
29. Saltelli A, Chan K, Scott EM, 2000. Sensitivity analysis. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
30. Slob W 1993. Modeling long-term exposure of the whole population to chemicals in food. Risk Analysis, 13:525–530.
31. US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) 1997. Guiding principles for Monte Carlo analysis. US Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment Forum, Washington DC. Available for downloading at www.epa.gov.
32. US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) 2001. Risk assessment guidance for Superfund. Volume III – Part A, Process for conducting probabilistic risk assessment. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington DC. Available for downloading at www.epa.gov.
33. Van der Voet H, de Boer WJ, Boon PE, van Donkersgoed G, van Klaveren JD, 2004. MCRA Release 3 Reference Guide. Report Biometris and RIKILT, Wageningen. Available at mcra.rikilt.wur.nl.
34. Van der Sluijs JP, Craye M, Funtowicz S, et al. 2005. Combining quantitative and qualitative measures of uncertainty in model-based environmental assessment: The NUSAP system. Risk Analysis 25: 481–492.
35. Van der Sluijs JP, Janssen PHM, Risbey JS, van Asselt MBA, Tuinstra W, Petersen AC, 2003. RIVM/MNP Guidance for Uncertainty Assessment and Communication Series, Volume 2. RIVM, Bilthoven, 2003. Tool Catalogue for Uncertainty Assessment. RIVM/MNP Guidance for Uncertainty Assessment and Communication Series, Volume 4. RIVM, Bilthoven, 2003. Download at www.nusap.net.
36. Vose D 2000. Risk analysis: a quantitative guide. 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
37. Walker WE, Harremoës P, Rotmans J, van der Sluijs J.P, van Asselt MBA, Janssen P, Krayer von Krauss MP, 2003. Defining Uncertainty: A Conceptual Basis for Uncertainty Management in Model-Based Decision Support. Integrated Assessment, 4: 5–17.
38. WHO (World Health Organization) 1997. Guidelines for predicting dietary intake of pesticide residues (revised). Programme of Food Safety and Food Aid. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/chem/en/pesticide_en.pdf.