Early-life exposure to electronic cigarettes: cause for concern

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue 11, 2019, Pages 985-992

  Larcombe, Alexander N ^a,b  

^a PERTH CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GLYCEROL; NICOTINE; PROPYLENE GLYCOL;

ADVERSE EVENT; AEROSOL; CHILD HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HEATING; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; NOTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOBACCO; VAPING; ADULT; CHILD; ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; ETIOLOGY; FEMALE; INFANT; MALE; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; NEWBORN; PASSIVE SMOKING; PATERNAL EXPOSURE; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PRESCHOOL CHILD;

ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY SYSTEMS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; PATERNAL EXPOSURE; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS; TOBACCO SMOKE POLLUTION;

EID: 85073059773     PISSN: 22132600     EISSN: 22132619     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30189-4     Document Type: Note

References (83)

1. West R, Proudfoot, H, Beard E, Brown J. Trends in electronic cigarette use in England. http://www.smokinginengland.info/downloadfile/?type=latest-stats&src=44 (accessed May 17, 2019).
2. Baeza-Loya S, Viswanath H, Carter A, et al. Perceptions about e-cigarette safety may lead to e-smoking during pregnancy. Bull Menninger Clin 2014; 78: 243–52.
3. England LJ, Tong VT, Koblitz A, Kish-Doto J, Lynch MM, Southwell BG. Perceptions of emerging tobacco products and nicotine replacement therapy among pregnant women and women planning a pregnancy. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4: 481–85.
4. McCubbin A, Fallin-Bennett A, Barnett J, Ashford K. Perceptions and use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy. Health Educ Res 2017; 32: 22–32.
5. Wagner NJ, Camerota M, Propper C. Prevalence and perceptions of electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Matern Child Health J 2017; 21: 1655–61.
6. Nguyen T, Li GE, Chen H, Cranfield CG, McGrath KC, Gorrie CA. Maternal E-cigarette exposure results in cognitive and epigenetic alterations in offspring in a mouse model. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31: 601–11.
7. Noel A, Hansen S, Spataro K, et al. Electronic cigarette exposures before and during embryogenesis impair lung development in mice. American Thoracic Society International Conference; San Diego, CA, USA; May 18–23, 2018. Abstract 4455A.
8. Chen R, Aherrera A, Isichei C, et al. Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (Vaping) convention. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2018; 28: 522.
9. Kaufman P, Dubray J, Soule EK, Cobb CO, Zarins S, Schwartz R. Analysis of secondhand e-cigarette aerosol compounds in an indoor setting. Tob Regul Sci 2018; 4: 29–37.
10. Schober W, Szendrei K, Matzen W, et al. Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) impairs indoor air quality and increases FeNO levels of e-cigarette consumers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217: 628–37.
11. Public Health England. National Poisons Information Service Report 2015/2016. http://www.npis.org/NPISAnnualReport2015-16.pdf (accessed Dec 20, 2018).
12. Vardavas CI, Girvalaki C, Filippidis FT, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of e-cigarette exposure incidents reported to 10 European Poison Centers: a retrospective data analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15: 36.
13. Walley S, Jenssen B. Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Pediatrics 2015; 136: 1018–26.
14. Cheng T. Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes. Tob Control 2014; 23 (suppl 2): ii11–ii17.
15. Hon L. Flameless electronic atomizing cigarette. Patent US20060196518A1. 2004. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20060196518A1/en (accessed May 5, 2019).
16. Gilbert HA. Smokeless non-tobacco cigarette. Patent US3200819A. 1965. https://patents.google.com/patent/US3200819A/en?oq=US3200819A (accessed May 5, 2019).
17. Mayet A, Lavagna C. Electronic cigarettes: harm reduction tool or new substance use behavior? Addiction 2018; 113: 1786–88.
18. Rahman MA, Hann N, Wilson A, Mnatzaganian G, Worrall-Carter L. E-cigarettes and smoking cessation: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0122544.
19. Padon AA, Maloney EK, Cappella JN. Youth-targeted e-cigarette marketing in the US. Tob Regul Sci 2017; 3: 95–101.
20. Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, et al. Association between initial use of e-cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171: 788–97.
21. Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Electronic cigarettes: exposure and use among pediatric populations. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2018; 31: 71–77.
22. Whittington JR, Simmons PM, Phillips AM, et al. The use of electronic cigarettes in pregnancy: a review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2018; 73: 544–49.
23. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Public health consequences of e-cigarettes. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press, 2018.
24. Peterson LA, Hecht SS. Tobacco, e-cigarettes, and child health. Curr Opin Pediatr 2017; 29: 225–30.
25. Chen H, Li G, Chan YL, et al. Maternal e-cigarette exposure in mice alters DNA methylation and lung cytokine expression in offspring. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58: 366–77.
26. Chen H, Li G, Chan YL, et al. Modulation of neural regulators of energy homeostasis, and of inflammation, in the pups of mice exposed to E-cigarettes. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684: 61–66.
27. Lauterstein DE, Tijerina PB, Corbett K, et al. Frontal cortex transcriptome analysis of mice exposed to electronic cigarettes during early life stages. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13: 417.
28. McAlinden KD, Chan YL, Kota A, Chen H, Oliver BG, Sharma P. Maternal e-cigarette vaping enhances development of allergic asthma in the offspring. American Thoracic Society International Conference; Washington, DC, USA; May 19–24, 2017. Abstract A7333A.
29. Smith D, Aherrera A, Lopez A, et al. Adult behavior in male mice exposed to e-cigarette nicotine vapors during late prenatal and early postnatal life. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0137953.
30. Mark KS, Farquhar B, Chisolm MS, Coleman-Cowger VH, Terplan M. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of electronic cigarette use among pregnant women. J Addict Med 2015; 9: 266–72.
31. Sisler L, Meernik C, Ripley-Moffitt C, Greyber J, Goldstein AO. Case study: use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) by a pregnant woman. J Smok Cessat 2017; 12: 139–42.
32. Stedman RL. Chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke. Chem Rev 1968; 68: 153–207.
33. Lambers DS, Clark KE. The maternal and fetal physiologic effects of nicotine. Semin Perinatol 1996; 20: 115–26.
34. Wong MK, Barra NG, Alfaidy N, Hardy DB, Holloway AC. Adverse effects of perinatal nicotine exposure on reproductive outcomes. Reproduction 2015; 150: R185–93.
35. Bruin JE, Gerstein HC, Holloway AC. Long-term consequences of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure: a critical review. Toxicol Sci 2010; 116: 364–74.
36. Campos M, Bravo E, Eugenín J. Respiratory dysfunctions induced by prenatal nicotine exposure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36: 1205–17.
37. Sekhon HS, Keller JA, Benowitz NL, Spindel ER. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters pulmonary function in newborn rhesus monkeys. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 989–94.
38. Dwyer JB, McQuown SC, Leslie FM. The dynamic effects of nicotine on the developing brain. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122: 125–39.
39. Gao YJ, Holloway AC, Su LY, Takemori K, Lu C, Lee RM. Effects of fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine on blood pressure and perivascular adipose tissue function in adult life. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590: 264–68.
40. Gao YJ, Holloway AC, Zeng ZH, et al. Prenatal exposure to nicotine causes postnatal obesity and altered perivascular adipose tissue function. Obes Res 2005; 13: 687–92.
41. Holloway A, Lim G, Petrik J, Foster W, Morrison K, Gerstein H. Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine in Wistar rats results in increased beta cell apoptosis at birth and postnatal endocrine and metabolic changes associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2005; 48: 2661–66.
42. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control 2014; 23: 133.
43. England LJ, Bunnell RE, Pechacek TF, Tong VT, McAfee TA. Nicotine and the developing human: a neglected element in the electronic cigarette debate. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49: 286–93.
44. Dawkins L, Corcoran O. Acute electronic cigarette use: nicotine delivery and subjective effects in regular users. Psychopharmacology 2014; 231: 401–07.
45. Talih S, Balhas Z, Eissenberg T, et al. Effects of user puff topography, device voltage, and liquid nicotine concentration on electronic cigarette nicotine yield: measurements and model predictions. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 17: 150–57.
46. Huang J, Duan Z, Kwok J, et al. Vaping versus JUULing: how the extraordinary growth and marketing of JUUL transformed the US retail e-cigarette market. Tob Con 2019; 28: 146–51.
47. Soule EK, Maloney SF, Guy MC, Eissenberg T, Fagan P. User-identified electronic cigarette behavioral strategies and device characteristics for cigarette smoking reduction. Addict Behav 2018; 79: 93–101.
48. Schripp T, Markewitz D, Uhde E, Salthammer T. Does e-cigarette consumption cause passive vaping? Indoor Air 2013; 23: 25–31.
49. Grana RA, Ling PM. “Smoking revolution”: a content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46: 395–403.
50. Tan AS, Mello S, Sanders-Jackson A, Bigman CA. Knowledge about chemicals in e-cigarette secondhand vapor and perceived harms of exposure among a national sample of US adults. Risk Anal 2017; 37: 1170–80.
51. Garbutt JM, Miller W, Dodd S, Bobenhouse N, Sterkel R, Strunk RC. Parental use of electronic cigarettes. Acad Pediatr 2015; 15: 599–604.
52. Geiss O, Bianchi I, Barahona F, Barrero-Moreno J. Characterisation of mainstream and passive vapours emitted by selected electronic cigarettes. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218: 169–80.
53. Hess CA, Olmedo P, Navas-Acien A, Goessler W, Cohen JE, Rule AM. E-cigarettes as a source of toxic and potentially carcinogenic metals. Environ Res 2017; 152: 221–25.
54. Baassiri M, Talih S, Salman R, et al. Clouds and “throat hit”: effects of liquid composition on nicotine emissions and physical characteristics of electronic cigarette aerosols. Aerosol Sci Technol 2017; 51: 1231–39.
55. El-Hellani A, Salman R, El-Hage R, et al. Nicotine and carbonyl emissions from popular electronic cigarette products: correlation to liquid composition and design characteristics. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20: 215–23.
56. Matt GE, Quintana PJ, Destaillats H, et al. Thirdhand tobacco smoke: emerging evidence and arguments for a multidisciplinary research agenda. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119: 1218–26.
57. Kuschner WG, Reddy S, Mehrotra N, Paintal HS. Electronic cigarettes and thirdhand tobacco smoke: two emerging health care challenges for the primary care provider. Int J Gen Med 2011; 4: 115–20.
58. Ballbè M, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Sureda X, et al. Cigarettes vs e-cigarettes: passive exposure at home measured by means of airborne marker and biomarkers. Environ Res 2014; 135: 76–80.
59. Czogala J, Goniewicz ML, Fidelus B, Zielinska-Danch W, Travers MJ, Sobczak A. Secondhand exposure to vapors from electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 16: 655–62.
60. Johnson JM, Naeher LP, Yu X, Rathbun SL, Muilenburg JL, Wang J-S. Air monitoring at large public electronic cigarette events. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221: 541–47.
61. Flouris AD, Chorti MS, Poulianiti KP, et al. Acute impact of active and passive electronic cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25: 91–101.
62. Melstrom P, Koszowski B, Thanner MH, et al. Measuring PM2.5, ultrafine particles, nicotine air and wipe samples following the use of electronic cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19: 1055–61.
63. Vardavas CI, Anagnostopoulos N, Kougias M, Evangelopoulou V, Connolly GN, Behrakis PK. Short-term pulmonary effects of using an electronic cigarette: impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance, and exhaled nitric oxide. Chest 2012; 141: 1400–06.
64. Matt GE, Quintana PJE, Hovell MF, et al. Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures. Tob Control 2004; 13: 29.
65. Davis ES, Sassano MF, Goodell H, Tarran R. E-liquid autofluorescence can be used as a marker of vaping deposition and third-hand vape exposure. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 7459.
66. Goniewicz ML, Lee L. Electronic cigarettes are a source of thirdhand exposure to nicotine. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 17: 256–58.
67. Liu J, Liang Q, Oldham MJ, et al. Determination of selected chemical levels in room air and on surfaces after the use of cartridge-and tank-based e-vapor products or conventional cigarettes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14: 969.
68. Bush D, Goniewicz ML. A pilot study on nicotine residues in houses of electronic cigarette users, tobacco smokers, and non-users of nicotine-containing products. Int J Drug Policy 2015; 26: 609–11.
69. US Food and Drug Administration. E-liquids misleadingly labeled or advertised as food products. https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/ctp-newsroom/e-liquids-misleadingly-labeled-or-advertised-food-products (accessed Dec 26, 2018).
70. Gill N, Sangha G, Poonai N, Lim R. E-cigarette liquid nicotine ingestion in a child: case report and discussion. CJEM 2015; 17: 699–703.
71. Noble MJ, Longstreet B, Hendrickson RG, Gerona R. Unintentional pediatric ingestion of electronic cigarette nicotine refill liquid necessitating intubation. Ann Emerg Med 2017; 69: 94–97.
72. Ang E, Tuthill D, Thompson J. E-cigarette liquid ingestion: a fast growing accidental issue in children. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103: 1091.
73. Kamboj A, Spiller HA, Casavant MJ, Chounthirath T, Smith GA. Pediatric exposure to e-cigarettes, nicotine, and tobacco products in the United States. Pediatrics 2016; 137: e20160041.
74. Seo AD, Kim DC, Yu HJ, Kang MJ. Accidental ingestion of e-cigarette liquid nicotine in a 15-month-old child: an infant mortality case of nicotine intoxication. Korean J Pediatr 2016; 59: 490–93.
75. Bever L. A father confused liquid nicotine for medicine—and gave his 6-year-old a toxic dose. Jan 14, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/14/a-father-confused-liquid-nicotine-for-medicine-and-gave-his-6-year-old-a-toxic-dose/?utm_term=.dab8216034b7 (accessed Dec 26, 2018).
76. Eisenbud D. Toddler who ingested liquid nicotine passes away. May 29, 2013. https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Toddler-who-ingested-liquid-nicotine-passes-away-314683 (accessed Dec 26, 2018).
77. Mayer B. How much nicotine kills a human? Tracing back the generally accepted lethal dose to dubious self-experiments in the nineteenth century. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88: 5–7.
78. The European Parliament and the Council Of The European Union. Directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and of The Council of 3 April 2014 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products and repealing Directive 2001/37/EC. 2014. https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/tobacco/docs/dir_201440_en.pdf (accessed May 5, 2019).
79. US Food and Drug Administration. Companies cease sales of e-liquids with labeling or advertising that resembled kid-friendly foods following FDA, FTC warnings. Aug 23, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/companies-cease-sales-e-liquids-labeling-or-advertising-resembled-kid-friendly-foods-following-fda (accessed Dec 26, 2018).
80. Congress.gov. S.142–Child Nicotine Poisoning Prevention Act of 2015. https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/142 (accessed Dec 20, 2018).
81. OregenLaws.org. 2017 ORS 431A.175. Random inspections of sellers of tobacco and inhalant delivery systems. https://www.oregonlaws.org/ors/431A.175 (accessed Dec 26, 2018).
82. Utah Office of Administrative Rules. Rule R384–415. Electronic-cigarette substance standards. https://rules.utah.gov/publicat/code/r384/r384-415.htm (accessed Dec 20, 2018).
83. Frey LT, Tilburg WC. Child-resistant packaging for e-liquid: a review of US state legislation. Am J Public Health 2016; 106: 266–68.