Goals and confidence as selfregulatory elements underlying health and illness behavior

The Self-Regulation of Health and Illness Behaviour

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 17-41

  Scheier, Michael F ^a   Carver, Charles S ^b  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Department of Biology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85072865333     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (93)

1. Abramson, L.Y., Seligman, M.E.P. and Teasdale, J.D. (1978) 'Learned helplessness in humans: critique and reformulation' Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87: 49-74
2. Antoni, M.H., Lehman, J.M., Klibourn, K.M., Boyers, A.E., Culver, J.L., Alferi, S.M., Yount, S.E., McGregor, B.A., Arena, P.L., Harris, S.D., Price, A.A. and Carver, C.S. (2001) 'Cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention decreases the prevalence of depression and enhances benefit finding among women under treatment for early-stage breast cancer' Health Psychology 20: 20-32
3. Armor, D.A. and Taylor, S.E. (1998) 'Situated optimism: specific outcome expectancies and self-regulation' in M. Zanna (ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 29, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 309-379
4. Aspinwall, L.G. and Taylor, S.E. (1992) 'Modeling cognitive adaptation: a longitudinal investigation of the impact of individual differences and coping on college adjustment and performance' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61: 755-765
5. Atkinson, J.W. (1964) An Introduction to Motivation, Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand
6. Austin, J.T. and Vancouver, J.B. (1996) 'Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content' Psychological Bulletin 120: 338-375
7. Bandura, A. (1997) Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control, New York: W.H. Freeman
8. Baumann, L.J. and Leventhal, H. (1985) ''I can tell when my blood pressure is up, can't I?' 'Health Psychologist 4: 203-218
9. Baumeister, R.F. (1989) 'The problem of life's meaning' in D.M. Buss and N. Cantor (eds) Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 138-148
10. Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Kovacs, M. and Garrison, B. (1985) 'Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation' American Journal of Psychiatry 142: 559-563
11. Brunstein, J.C. (1993) 'Personal goals and subjective well-being: a longitudinal study' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65: 1061-1070
12. Cameron, L.D. and Nicholls, G. (1998) 'Expression of stressful experiences through writing: effects of a self-regulation manipulation for pessimists and optimists' Health Psychology 17: 84-92
13. Cannon, E.B. (1942) ''Voodoo' death' American Anthropologist 44: 169-181
14. Cantor, N. and Kihlstrom, J.F. (1987) Personality and Social Intelligence, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
15. Carver, C.S. (2001) 'Affect and the functional bases of behavior: on the dimensional structure of affective experience' Personality and Social Psychology Review 5: 345-356
16. Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F. (1981) Attention and Self-Regulation: A Control-Theory Approach to Human Behavior, New York: Springer Verlag
17. Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F. (1990) 'Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: a control-process view' Psychological Review 97: 19-35
18. Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F. (1998) On the Self-Regulation of Behavior, New York: Cambridge University Press
19. Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F. (1999a) 'Optimism' in C. R. Snyder (ed.) Coping: The Psychology of What Works, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 182-204
20. Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F. (1999b) 'Themes and issues in the self-regulation of behavior' in R.S. Wyer, Jr. (ed.) Advances in Social Cognition, vol. 12, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 1-105
21. Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F. (in press) 'Three human strengths' in L.G. Aspinwall and U.M. Staudinger (eds) A Psychology of Human Strengths: Perspectives On an Emerging Field, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
22. Clark, L.F., Henry, S.M. and Taylor, D.M. (1991) 'Cognitive examination of motivation for childbearing as a factor in adjustment to infertility' in A.L. Stanton and C. Dunkel-Schetter (eds) Infertility: Perspectives from Stress and Coping Research, New York: Plenum, pp. 157-180
23. Cleiren, M. (1993) Bereavement and Adaptation: A Comparative Study of the Aftermath of Death, Washington, DC: Hemisphere
24. Cunningham, A.J., Edmonds, C.V., Jenkins, G.P., Pollack, H., Lockwood, G.A. and Warr, D.A. (1998) 'A randomized controlled trial of the effects of group psychological therapy on the survival of women with metastatic breast cancer' Psychooncology 7: 508-517
25. Elliott, E.S. and Dweck, C.S. (1988) 'Goals: an approach to motivation and achievement' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54: 5-12
26. Emmons, R.A. (1986) 'Personal strivings: an approach to personality and subjective well being' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51: 1058-1068
27. Feather, N.T. (ed.) (1982) Expectations and Actions: Expectancy-Value Models in Psychology, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
28. Fitzgerald, T.E., Tennen, H., Affleck, G. and Pransky, G.S. (1993) 'The relative importance of dispositional optimism and control appraisals in quality of life after coronary artery bypass surgery' Journal of Behavioral Medicine 16: 25-43
29. Frijda, N.H. (1986) The Emotions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
30. Frijda, N.H. (1988) 'The laws of emotion' American Psychologist 43: 349-358
31. Goodwin, P.J., Leszcz, M., Ennis, M., Koopmans, J., Vincent, L., Guther, H., Drysdale, E., Hundleby, M., Chochinov, H.M., Navarro, M., Speca, M., Masterson, J., Dohan, L., Sela, R., Warren, B., Paterson, A., Pritchard, K.I., Arnold, A., Doll, R., O'Reilly, S.E., Quirt, G., Hood, N. and Hunter, J. (2001) 'The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer' New England Journal of Medicine 345: 1719-1726
32. Greenwald, A.G. (1980) 'The totalitarian ego: fabrication and revision of personal history' American Psychologist 35: 603-618
33. Guy, J.L. and Lord, R.G. (1998) 'The effects of perceived velocity on job satisfaction: an expansion of current theory' paper presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the American Psychological Society, Washington, DC
34. Helgeson, V.S., Cohen, S., Schulz, R. and Yasko, J. (1999) 'Education and peer discussion group interventions and adjustment to breast cancer' Archives of General Psychiatry 56: 340-347
35. Higgins, E.T. (1987) 'Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect' Psychological Review 94: 319-340
36. Higgins, E.T. (1996) 'Ideals, oughts, and regulatory focus: affect and motivation from distinct pains and pleasures' in P.M. Gollwitzer and J.A. Bargh (eds) The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior, New York: Guilford, pp. 91-114
37. Holman, E.A. and Silver, R.C. (1998) 'Getting 'stuck' in the past: temporal orientation and coping with trauma' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74: 1146-1163
38. Hsee, C.K. and Abelson, R.P. (1991) 'Velocity relation: satisfaction as a function of the first derivative of outcome over time' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60: 341-347
39. King, K.B., Rowe, M.A., Kimble, L.P. and Zerwic, J.J. (1998) 'Optimism, coping, and long-term recovery from coronary artery bypass in women' Research in Nursing and Health 21: 15-26
40. Klinger, E. (1975) 'Consequences of commitment to and disengagement from incentives' Psychological Review 82: 1-25
41. Kukla, A. (1972) 'Foundations of an attributional theory of performance' Psychological Review 79: 454-470
42. Lau, R.R. and Hartman, K.A. (1983) 'Common sense representations of common illnesses' Health Psychology 2: 167-185
43. Lawrence, J.W., Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F. (in press) 'Velocity toward goal attainment in immediate experience as a determinant of affect' Journal of Applied Social Psychology
44. Lazarus, R.S. (1966) Psychological Stress and the Coping Process, New York: McGraw-Hill
45. Leedham, B., Meyerowitz, B.E., Muirhead, J. and Frist, W.H. (1995) 'Positive expectations predict health after heart transplantation' Health Psychology 14: 74-79
46. Leventhal, H. and Carr, S. (2001) 'Speculations on the relationship of behavioral theory to psychosocial research on cancer' in A. Baum and B.L. Andersen (eds) Psychosocial Interventions for Cancer, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 375-400
47. Leventhal, H., Leventhal, E.A. and Cameron, L. (2001) 'Representations, procedures and affect in illness self-regulation: a perceptual-cognitive model' in A. Baum, T. Revenson and J.E. Singer (eds) Handbook of Health Psychology, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 19-47
48. Leventhal, H., Meyer, D. and Nerenz, D. (1980) 'The common sense representation of illness danger' in S. Rachman (ed.) Medical Psychology, vol. 2, New York: Permagon Press, pp. 7-30
49. Linville, P. (1985) 'Self-complexity and affective extremity: don't put all of your eggs in one cognitive basket' Social Cognition 3: 94-120
50. Linville, P. (1987) 'Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52: 663-676
51. Little, B.R. (1989) 'Personal projects analysis: trivial pursuits, magnificent obsessions, and the search for coherence' in D.M. Buss and N. Cantor (eds) Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions, New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 15-31
52. MacNair, R.R. and Elliott, T.R. (1992) 'Self-perceived problem-solving ability, stress appraisal, and coping over time' Journal of Research in Personality 26: 150-164
53. Markus, H. and Nurius, P. (1986) 'Possible selves' American Psychologist 41: 954-969
54. Meyer, D., Leventhal, H. and Gutmann, M. (1985) 'Common-sense models of illness: the example of hypertension' Health Psychology 4: 115-135
55. Miller, G.A., Galanter, E. and Pribram, K.H. (1960) Plans and the Structure of Behavior, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
56. Miller, L.C. and Read, S.J. (1987) 'Why am I telling you this? Self-disclosure in a goal-based model of personality' in V.J. Derlega and J. Berg (eds) Self-Disclosure: Theory, Research, and Therapy, New York: Plenum, pp. 35-58
57. Moskowitz, J.T., Folkman, S., Collette, L. and Vittinghoff, E. (1996) 'Coping and mood during AIDS-related caregiving and bereavement' Annals of Behavioral Medicine 18: 49-57
58. Oettingen, G. (1996) 'Positive fantasy and motivation' in P. M. Gollwitzer and J.A. Bargh (eds) The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior, New York: Guilford Press, pp. 219-235
59. Orbuch, T.L. (ed.) (1992) Close Relationship Loss: Theoretical Approaches, New York: Springer-Verlag
60. Pervin, L.A. (1982) 'The stasis and flow of behavior: toward a theory of goals' in M.M. Page and R. Dienstbier (eds) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, vol. 30, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, pp. 1-53
61. Pervin, L.A. (ed.) (1989) Goal Concepts in Personality and Social Psychology, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
62. Peterson, C. and Seligman, M.E.P. (1984) 'Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: theory and evidence' Psychological Review 91: 347-374
63. Pittman, T.S. and Pittman, N.L. (1980) 'Deprivation of control and the attribution process' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39: 377-389
64. Powers, W.T. (1973) Behavior: The Control of Perception, Chicago: Aldine
65. Pyszczynski, T. and Greenberg, J. (1992) Hanging On and Letting Go: Understanding the Onset, Progression, and Remission of Depression, New York: Springer-Verlag
66. Scheier, M.F. and Carver, C.S. (1985) 'Optimism, coping and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies' Health Psychology 4: 219-247
67. Scheier, M.F. and Carver, C.S. (1992) 'Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: theoretical overview and empirical update' Cognitive Therapy and Research 16: 201-228
68. Scheier, M.F. and Carver, C.S. (2001) 'Adapting to cancer: the importance of hope and purpose' in A. Baum and B.L. Andersen (eds) Psychosocial Interventions for Cancer, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 15-36
69. Scheier, M.F. and Carver, C.S. (in press) 'Self-regulatory processes and responses to health threats: effects of optimism on well-being' in J. Suls and K.A. Wallston (eds) Social Psychological Foundations of Health, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers
70. Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. and Bridges, M.W. (2001) 'Optimism, pessimism, and psychological well-being' in E.C. Chang (ed.) Optimism and Pessimism: Implications for Theory, Research, and Practice, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 189-216
71. Scheier, M.F., Matthews, K.A., Owens, J.F., Magovern, G.J., Lefebvre, R.C., Abbott, R.A. and Carver, C.S. (1989) 'Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: the beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57: 1024-1040
72. Scheier, M.F., Matthews, K.A., Owens, J.F., Schulz, R., Bridges, M.W., Magovern, G.J., Sr. and Carver, C.S. (1999) 'Optimism and rehospitalization following coronary artery bypass graft surgery' Archives of Internal Medicine 159: 829-835
73. Shah, J. and Higgins, E.T. (1997) 'Expectancy X value effects: regulatory focus as determinant of magnitude and direction' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73: 447-458
74. Showers, C.J. and Ryff, C.D. (1996) 'Self-differentiation and well being in a life transition' Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22: 448-460
75. Spiegel, D., Bloom, J.R. and Yalom, I. (1981) 'Group support for patients with metastatic cancer' Archives of General Psychiatry 38: 527-533
76. Spiegel, D., Bloom, J.R., Kraemer, H.C. and Gottheil, E. (1989) 'Effect of psychosocial treatment on survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer' Lancet 2: 888-891
77. Stroebe, M.S., Stroebe, W. and Hansson, R.O. (eds) (1993) Handbook of Bereavement: Theory, Research, and Intervention, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
78. Taylor, S.E. and Pham, L.B. (1996) 'Mental stimulation, motivation, and action' in P.M. Gollwitzer and J.A. Bargh (eds) The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior, New York: Guilford, pp. 219-235
79. Taylor, S.E., Pham, L.B., Rivkin, I.D. and Armor, D.A. (1998) 'Harnessing the imagination: mental simulation, self-regulation, and coping' American Psychologist 53: 429-439
80. Vallacher, R.R. and Wegner, D.M. (1985) A Theory of Action Identification, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
81. Vallacher, R.R. and Wegner, D.M. (1987) 'What do people think they're doing? Action identification and human behavior' Psychological Review 94: 3-15
82. Vroom, V.H. (1964) Work and Motivation, New York: Wiley
83. Wicklund, R.A. and Gollwitzer, P.M. (1982) Symbolic Self-Completion, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
84. Wills, T.A. (1981) 'Downward comparison principles in social psychology' Psychological Bulletin 90: 245-271
85. Wong, P.T.P. and Weiner, B. (1981) 'When people ask 'why' questions, and the heuristics of attributional search' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40: 650-663
86. Wood, J.V. (1989) 'Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes' Psychological Bulletin 106: 231-248
87. Wood, J.V., Taylor, S.E. and Lichtman, R.R. (1985) 'Social comparison in adjustment to breast cancer' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49: 1169-1183
88. Wortman, C.B. and Brehm, J.W. (1975) 'Responses to uncontrollable outcomes: an integration of reactance theory and the learned helplessness model' in L. Berkowitz (ed.) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 8, New York: Academic Press, pp. 277-336
89. Wrosch, C. and Scheier, M.F. (2002a) 'Disengagement and regrets' unpublished manuscript
90. Wrosch, C. and Scheier, M.F. (2002b) 'Giving-up on life regrets: beneficial effects on well-being and health in older adults' unpublished manuscript
91. Wrosch, C., Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S. and Schulz, R. (in press) 'The importance of goal disengagement in adaptive self-regulation: when giving up is beneficial' Self and Identity
92. Wrosch, C., Scheier, M.F., Miller, G.E., Carver, C.S. and Schulz, R. (2001) 'Goal disengagement, goal re-engagement, and subjective well-being: the benefits of giving up unattainable goals' unpublished manuscript
93. Zeidner, M. and Hammer, A.L. (1992) 'Coping with missile attack: resources, strategies, and outcomes' Journal of Personality 60: 709-746