Flushing of peripheral intravenous catheters: A pilot, factorial, randomised controlled trial of high versus low frequency and volume in paediatrics

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2020, Pages 22-29

  Kleidon, Tricia M ^a,b   Keogh, Samantha ^b,c   Flynn, Julie ^b,d,e   Schults, Jessica ^a,b,e   Mihala, Gabor ^b,e   Rickard, Claire M ^b,d,e  

^a LADY CILENTO CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

^d ROYAL BRISBANE AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^e GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

adverse effects; catheterisation; paediatric; peripheral venous device; randomised controlled trial

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BLOODSTREAM INFECTION; CHILD; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FLUSHING; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY RATE; PILOT STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTOCOL COMPLIANCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SAMPLE SIZE; SCHOOL CHILD; SCREENING TEST; TREATMENT FAILURE; CATHETER; CATHETERIZATION; PEDIATRICS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL;

CATHETERIZATION, PERIPHERAL; CATHETERS; CHILD; HUMANS; INPATIENTS; PEDIATRICS; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS;

EID: 85065180969     PISSN: 10344810     EISSN: 14401754     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14482     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Reigart JR, Chamberlain KH, Eldridge D et al. Peripheral intravenous access in pediatric inpatients. Clin. Pediatr. 2012; 51: 468–72.
2. Schults JA, Rickard CM, Kleidon T et al. Building a global, pediatric vascular access registry: A scoping review of trial outcomes and quality indicators to inform evidence-based practice. Worldviews Evid. Based Nurs. 2019; 16: 51–9.
3. Ullman AJ, Cooke M, Kleidon T, Rickard CM. Road map for improvement: Point prevalence audit and survey of central venous access devices in paediatric acute care. J. Paediatr. Child Health 2017; 53: 123–30.
4. Kleidon TM, Cattanach P, Mihala G, Ullman AJ. Implementation of a paediatric peripheral intravenous catheter care bundle: A quality improvement initiative. J. Paediatr. Child Health 2019.
5. Rickard CM, Webster J, Wallis MC et al. Routine versus clinically indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters: A randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet 2012; 380: 1066–74.
6. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn't. BMJ 1996; 312: 71–2.
7. Webster J, Clarke S, Paterson D et al. Routine care of peripheral intravenous catheters versus clinically indicated replacement: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008; 337: a339.
8. Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard C, Hall J. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2010; 3: CD007798.
9. Webster J, Lloyd S, Hopkins T, Osborne S, Yaxley M. Developing a Research base for Intravenous Peripheral cannula re-sites (DRIP trial). A randomised controlled trial of hospital in-patients. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2007; 44: 664–71.
10. Malyon L, Ullman AJ, Phillips N et al. Peripheral intravenous catheter duration and failure in paediatric acute care: A prospective cohort study. Emerg. Med. Australas. 2014; 26: 602–8.
11. Malach T, Jerassy Z, Rudensky B et al. Prospective surveillance of phlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters. Am. J. Infect. Control 2006; 34: 308–12.
12. Tuffaha HW, Rickard CM, Webster J et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of clinically indicated versus routine replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters. Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy 2014; 12: 51–8.
13. Larsen E, Keogh S, Marsh N, Rickard C. Experiences of peripheral IV insertion in hospital: A qualitative study. Br. J. Nurs. 2017; 26: S18–s25.
14. Cooke M, Ullman AJ, Ray-Barruel G, Wallis M, Corley A, Rickard CM. Not “just” an intravenous line: Consumer perspectives on peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC). An international cross-sectional survey of 25 countries. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0193436.
15. Keogh S, Marsh N, Higgins N, Davies K, Rickard C. A time and motion study of peripheral venous catheter flushing practice using manually prepared and prefilled flush syringes. J. Infus. Nurs. 2014; 37: 96–101.
16. Schreiber S, Zanchi C, Ronfani L et al. Normal saline flushes performed once daily maintain peripheral intravenous catheter patency: A randomised controlled trial. Arch. Dis. Child. 2015; 100: 700–3.
17. Flint A, McIntosh D, Davies MW. Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2005; 4: CD004593.
18. Keogh S, Flynn J, Marsh N, Mihala G, Davies K, Rickard C. Varied flushing frequency and volume to prevent peripheral intravenous catheter failure: A pilot, factorial randomised controlled trial in adult medical-surgical hospital patients. Trials 2016; 17: 348.
19. Curley MA. Respiratory research in the critically ill pediatric patient: Why is it so difficult? Respir. Care 2011; 56: 1247–54.
20. Craig P, Dieppe P, Macintyre S, Michie S, Nazareth I, Petticrew M. Developing and evaluating complex interventions: The new Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ 2008; 337: a1655.
21. Mee RW. A Comprehensive Guide to Factorial Two-Level Experimentation. New York, NY: Springer; 2009.
22. Montgomery AA, Peters TJ, Little P. Design, analysis and presentation of factorial randomised controlled trials. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 2003; 3: 1–5.
23. Keogh S, Flynn J, Marsh N, Higgins N, Davies K, Rickard CM. Nursing and midwifery practice for maintenance of vascular access device patency. A cross-sectional survey. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2015; 52: 1678–85.
24. Lancaster GA, Dodd S, Williamson PR. Design and analysis of pilot studies: Recommendations for good practice. J. Eval. Clin. Pract. 2004; 10: 307–12.
25. Hertzog MA. Considerations in determining sample size for pilot studies. Res. Nurs. Health 2008; 31: 180–91.
26. Rothwell PM. Treating individuals 2. Subgroup analysis in randomised controlled trials: Importance, indications, and interpretation. Lancet 2005; 365: 176–86.
27. Ullman AJ, Kleidon T, Gibson V et al. Innovative dressing and securement of tunneled central venous access devices in pediatrics: A pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2017; 17: 595.
28. Zimmerman JJ, Anand KJ, Meert KL et al. Research as a standard of care in the PICU. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. 2016; 17: e13–21.
29. Modi N. Ethical pitfalls in neonatal comparative effectiveness trials. Neonatology 2014; 105: 350–1.
30. Keogh S, shelverton C, Flynn J, Davies K, Marsh N, Rickard C. An observational study of nurses' intravenous flush and medication practice in the clnical setting. J. Vascular Access Devices 2017; 3: 3–10.