메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 3, 2019, Pages 368-380

Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Women: A Moderated Mediation Model

Author keywords

coping; depressive symptoms; gendered racial identity; gendered racial microaggressions; gendered racism; sexism

Indexed keywords


EID: 85063343952     PISSN: 03616843     EISSN: 14716402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0361684319832511     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (66)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 65749225145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping with work-related stress: A study of the use of coping resources among professional Black women
    • A
    • Bacchus D. A. (2008). Coping with work-related stress: A study of the use of coping resources among professional Black women. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 17, 60–81. doi:10.1300/J051v13n04_04
    • (2008) Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work , vol.17 , pp. 60-81
    • Bacchus, D.1
  • 3
    • 0002459630 scopus 로고
    • Double jeopardy: To be Black and female
    • Cade T., (ed), New York, NY, Signet, (Ed.), (., –
    • Beale F., (1970). Double jeopardy: To be Black and female. In Cade T., (Ed.), The Black woman: An anthology (pp. 90–100). New York, NY: Signet.
    • (1970) The Black woman: An anthology , pp. 90-100
    • Beale, F.1
  • 4
    • 50249141783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Black + lesbian + woman ≠ Black lesbian woman: The methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research
    • Bowleg L., (2008). When Black + lesbian + woman ≠ Black lesbian woman: The methodological challenges of qualitative and quantitative intersectionality research. Sex Roles, 59, 312–325. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9400-z
    • (2008) Sex Roles , vol.59 , pp. 312-325
    • Bowleg, L.1
  • 5
    • 0036651684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial identity, maternal support, and psychological distress among African American adolescents
    • Retrieved from
    • Caldwell C., Zimmerman M., Bernat D., Sellers R., Notaro P. (2002). Racial identity, maternal support, and psychological distress among African American adolescents. Child Development, 73, 1322–1336. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3696287
    • (2002) Child Development , vol.73 , pp. 1322-1336
    • Caldwell, C.1    Zimmerman, M.2    Bernat, D.3    Sellers, R.4    Notaro, P.5
  • 6
    • 84901263554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the link between multiple oppressions and depression among African American women: The role of internalization
    • Carr E., Szymanski D., Taha F., West L., Kaslow N., (2014). Understanding the link between multiple oppressions and depression among African American women: The role of internalization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38, 233–245. doi:10.1177/0361684313499900
    • (2014) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.38 , pp. 233-245
    • Carr, E.1    Szymanski, D.2    Taha, F.3    West, L.4    Kaslow, N.5
  • 7
    • 0002255373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the brief COPE
    • Carver C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol’s too long: Consider the brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 92–100. doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
    • (1997) International Journal of Behavioral Medicine , vol.4 , pp. 92-100
    • Carver, C.S.1
  • 8
    • 85051339492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (National Center for Health Statistics Brief Rep. No. 303), Retrieved from
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Prevalence of depression among adults aged 20 and over: United States, 2013-2016 (National Center for Health Statistics Brief Rep. No. 303). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db303.pdf
    • (2018) Prevalence of depression among adults aged 20 and over: United States, 2013-2016
  • 9
    • 85045709057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between loneliness and symptoms of anxiety and depression in African American men and women: Evidence for gender as a moderator
    • Chang E. C., (2018). Relationship between loneliness and symptoms of anxiety and depression in African American men and women: Evidence for gender as a moderator. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 138–143. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.035
    • (2018) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.120 , pp. 138-143
    • Chang, E.C.1
  • 10
    • 0033210179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model
    • Clark R., Anderson N. B., Clark V. R., Williams D. R., (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. American Psychologist, 54, 805–816. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.805
    • (1999) American Psychologist , vol.54 , pp. 805-816
    • Clark, R.1    Anderson, N.B.2    Clark, V.R.3    Williams, D.R.4
  • 11
    • 0035537527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the construct validity of scores on the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity
    • Cokley K. O., Helm K., (2001). Testing the construct validity of scores on the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 80–95.
    • (2001) Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development , vol.34 , pp. 80-95
    • Cokley, K.O.1    Helm, K.2
  • 12
    • 66349131991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersectionality and research in psychology
    • Cole E. R., (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. American Psychologist, 64 170–180. doi:10.1037/a0014564
    • (2009) American Psychologist , vol.64 , pp. 170-180
    • Cole, E.R.1
  • 16
    • 0000530491 scopus 로고
    • Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics
    • 1989
    • Crenshaw K. W., (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989, 139–167.
    • (1989) University of Chicago Legal Forum , pp. 139-167
    • Crenshaw, K.W.1
  • 18
    • 68149098833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength in the spirit: African American college women and spiritual coping mechanisms
    • Davis L. P., McClure M., (2009). Strength in the spirit: African American college women and spiritual coping mechanisms. Journal of Negro Education, 78, 42–54.
    • (2009) Journal of Negro Education , vol.78 , pp. 42-54
    • Davis, L.P.1    McClure, M.2
  • 19
    • 84936943685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and mental health
    • Donovan R., West L., (2015). Stress and mental health. Journal of Black Psychology, 41, 384–396. doi:10.1177/0095798414543014
    • (2015) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 384-396
    • Donovan, R.1    West, L.2
  • 20
    • 84982221180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersectionality in quantitative psychological research: II. Methods and techniques
    • Else-Quest N. M., Hyde J. S., (2016). Intersectionality in quantitative psychological research: II. Methods and techniques. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40, 319–336. doi:10.1177/0361684316647953
    • (2016) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 319-336
    • Else-Quest, N.M.1    Hyde, J.S.2
  • 22
    • 33847179367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Required sample size to detect the mediated effect
    • Fritz M. S., MacKinnon D. P., (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological science, 18, 233–239. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x
    • (2007) Psychological science , vol.18 , pp. 233-239
    • Fritz, M.S.1    MacKinnon, D.P.2
  • 23
    • 26844550762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring disproportionately high rates of adverse birth outcomes among African Americans: The impact of stress, racism, and related factors of pregnancy
    • Giscombé C. L., Lobel M., (2005). Exploring disproportionately high rates of adverse birth outcomes among African Americans: The impact of stress, racism, and related factors of pregnancy. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 662–683. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.662
    • (2005) Psychological Bulletin , vol.131 , pp. 662-683
    • Giscombé, C.L.1    Lobel, M.2
  • 24
    • 34547295969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring coping strategies among African Americans: An exploration of the latent structure of the COPE Inventory
    • Greer T. M., (2007). Measuring coping strategies among African Americans: An exploration of the latent structure of the COPE Inventory. Journal of Black Psychology, 33, 260–277. doi:10.1177/0095798407302539
    • (2007) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 260-277
    • Greer, T.M.1
  • 27
    • 84924042978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An index and test of linear moderated mediation
    • Hayes A., (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50, 1–22. doi:10.1080/00273171.2014.962683
    • (2015) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.50 , pp. 1-22
    • Hayes, A.1
  • 28
    • 72549085117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserving positive identities: Public and private regard for one’s ingroup and susceptibility to stereotype threat
    • Ho A., Sidanius J., (2010). Preserving positive identities: Public and private regard for one’s ingroup and susceptibility to stereotype threat. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 13, 55–67. doi:10.1177/1368430209340910
    • (2010) Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , vol.13 , pp. 55-67
    • Ho, A.1    Sidanius, J.2
  • 29
    • 84958152193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial microaggression experiences and coping strategies of Black women in corporate leadership
    • Holder A., Jackson M., Ponterotto J., (2015). Racial microaggression experiences and coping strategies of Black women in corporate leadership. Qualitative Psychology, 2, 164–180. doi:10.1037/qup0000024
    • (2015) Qualitative Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 164-180
    • Holder, A.1    Jackson, M.2    Ponterotto, J.3
  • 32
    • 84875513855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of racial identity, ethnic identity, and racial socialization to discrimination–distress: A meta-analysis of Black Americans
    • Lee D., Ahn S., (2013). The relation of racial identity, ethnic identity, and racial socialization to discrimination–distress: A meta-analysis of Black Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60, 1–14. doi:10.1037/a0031275
    • (2013) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 1-14
    • Lee, D.1    Ahn, S.2
  • 33
    • 84982982507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying intersectionality theory to research on perceived racism
    • Alvarez A.N., Liang C.T.H., Neville H.A., (eds), Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, (Eds.), (., –
    • Lewis J. A., Grzanka P. R., (2016). Applying intersectionality theory to research on perceived racism. In Alvarez A. N., Liang C. T. H., Neville H. A., (Eds.), The cost of racism for people of color: Contextualizing experiences of discrimination (pp. 31–54). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14852-003
    • (2016) The cost of racism for people of color: Contextualizing experiences of discrimination , pp. 31-54
    • Lewis, J.A.1    Grzanka, P.R.2
  • 35
    • 84982994485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ain’t I a woman?” Exploring gendered racial microaggressions experienced by Black women
    • Lewis J. A., Mendenhall R., Harwood S. A., Browne Huntt M., (2016). “Ain’t I a woman?” Exploring gendered racial microaggressions experienced by Black women. The Counseling Psychologist, 44, 758–780. doi:10.1177/0011000016641193
    • (2016) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.44 , pp. 758-780
    • Lewis, J.A.1    Mendenhall, R.2    Harwood, S.A.3    Browne Huntt, M.4
  • 36
    • 84929886178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction and initial validation of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale for Black women
    • Lewis J. A., Neville H. A., (2015). Construction and initial validation of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale for Black women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62, 289–302. doi:10.1037/cou0000062
    • (2015) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.62 , pp. 289-302
    • Lewis, J.A.1    Neville, H.A.2
  • 37
    • 85043489679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applying intersectionality to explore the relations between gendered racism and health among Black women
    • Lewis J. A., Williams M. G., Peppers E. J., Gadson C. A., (2017). Applying intersectionality to explore the relations between gendered racism and health among Black women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64, 475–486. doi:10.1037/cou0000231
    • (2017) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 475-486
    • Lewis, J.A.1    Williams, M.G.2    Peppers, E.J.3    Gadson, C.A.4
  • 39
    • 0028938925 scopus 로고
    • The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety inventories
    • 0005-7967(94)00075
    • Lovibond P. F., Lovibond S. H., (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–343. doi:0005-7967(94)00075
    • (1995) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.33 , pp. 335-343
    • Lovibond, P.F.1    Lovibond, S.H.2
  • 40
    • 84871326483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Too much of a good thing? Psychosocial resources, gendered racism, and suicidal ideation among low socioeconomic status African American women
    • Perry B. L., Pullen E. L., Oser C. B., (2012). Too much of a good thing? Psychosocial resources, gendered racism, and suicidal ideation among low socioeconomic status African American women. Social Psychology Quarterly, 75, 334–359. doi:10.1177/0190272512455932
    • (2012) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.75 , pp. 334-359
    • Perry, B.L.1    Pullen, E.L.2    Oser, C.B.3
  • 41
    • 84867707454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved from
    • Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. (2009). U.S. religious landscape survey. Retrieved from http://religions.pewforum.org/
    • (2009) U.S. religious landscape survey
  • 42
    • 34547179995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions
    • Preacher K., Rucker D., Hayes A., (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 41, 185–227. doi:10.1080/00273170701341316
    • (2007) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.41 , pp. 185-227
    • Preacher, K.1    Rucker, D.2    Hayes, A.3
  • 43
    • 84907559066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of religiosity and spirituality on psychological well-being among Black women
    • Reed T., Neville H., (2014). The influence of religiosity and spirituality on psychological well-being among Black women. Journal of Black Psychology, 40, 384–401. doi:10.1177/0095798413490956
    • (2014) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 384-401
    • Reed, T.1    Neville, H.2
  • 44
    • 84983772885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating intersectionality into psychology: An opportunity to promote social justice and equity
    • Rosenthal L., Kazak A. E., (2016). Incorporating intersectionality into psychology: An opportunity to promote social justice and equity. American Psychologist, 71, 474–485. doi:10.1037/a0040323
    • (2016) American Psychologist , vol.71 , pp. 474-485
    • Rosenthal, L.1    Kazak, A.E.2
  • 45
    • 85042125121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gendered racism and the sexual and reproductive health of Black and Latina women
    • Rosenthal L., Lobel M., (2018). Gendered racism and the sexual and reproductive health of Black and Latina women. Ethnicity & Health, 23, 1–26. doi:10.1080/13557858.2018.1439896
    • (2018) Ethnicity & Health , vol.23 , pp. 1-26
    • Rosenthal, L.1    Lobel, M.2
  • 46
    • 0642334584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults
    • Sellers R. M., Caldwell C. H., Schmeelk-Cone K. H., Zimmerman M. A., (2003). Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44, 302–317. doi:10.2307/1519781
    • (2003) Journal of Health and Social Behavior , vol.44 , pp. 302-317
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Caldwell, C.H.2    Schmeelk-Cone, K.H.3    Zimmerman, M.A.4
  • 47
    • 33646199009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents
    • Sellers R. M., Copeland-Linder N., Martin P. P., L’Heureux Lewis R., (2006). Racial identity matters: The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 16, 187–216. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00128.x
    • (2006) Journal of Research on Adolescence , vol.16 , pp. 187-216
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Copeland-Linder, N.2    Martin, P.P.3    L’Heureux Lewis, R.4
  • 48
    • 0031515523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional inventory of Black identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and construct validity
    • Sellers R. M., Rowley S. A. J., Chavous T. M., Shelton J. N., Smith M. A., (1997). Multidimensional inventory of Black identity: A preliminary investigation of reliability and construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 805–815. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.805
    • (1997) 73 , pp. 805-815
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Rowley, S.A.J.2    Chavous, T.M.3    Shelton, J.N.4    Smith, M.A.5
  • 49
    • 0141642018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination
    • Sellers R. M., Shelton J. N., (2003). The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1079–1092. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1079
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.84 , pp. 1079-1092
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Shelton, J.N.2
  • 50
    • 21944442573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidimensional model of racial identity: A Reconceptualization of African American racial identity
    • Sellers R. M., Smith M., Shelton J., Rowley S., Chavous T. (1998). Multidimensional model of racial identity: A Reconceptualization of African American racial identity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 18–39. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_2
    • (1998) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.2 , pp. 18-39
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Smith, M.2    Shelton, J.3    Rowley, S.4    Chavous, T.5
  • 51
    • 33751541337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of an intersectional framework to understand Black women’s racial and gender identities
    • Settles I., (2006). Use of an intersectional framework to understand Black women’s racial and gender identities. Sex Roles, 54, 589–601. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-9029-8
    • (2006) Sex Roles , vol.54 , pp. 589-601
    • Settles, I.1
  • 52
    • 25444435039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple resistance strategies: How African American women cope with racism and sexism
    • Shorter-Gooden K., (2004). Multiple resistance strategies: How African American women cope with racism and sexism. Journal of Black Psychology 30, 406–425. doi:10.1177/0095798404266050
    • (2004) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 406-425
    • Shorter-Gooden, K.1
  • 53
    • 48849084349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric properties of scores on three Black racial identity scales
    • Simmons C., Worrell F. C., Berry J. M., (2008). Psychometric properties of scores on three Black racial identity scales. Assessment, 15, 259–276.
    • (2008) Assessment , vol.15 , pp. 259-276
    • Simmons, C.1    Worrell, F.C.2    Berry, J.M.3
  • 55
    • 84969836628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gendered racism, coping, identity centrality, and African American college women’s psychological distress
    • 10/1177/0361684315616113
    • Szymanski D. M., Lewis J. A., (2016) Gendered racism, coping, identity centrality, and African American college women’s psychological distress. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40, 229–243. doi:10/1177/0361684315616113
    • (2016) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 229-243
    • Szymanski, D.M.1    Lewis, J.A.2
  • 56
    • 34547602986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial discrimination and breast cancer incidence in US Black women: The Black women’s health study
    • Taylor T. R., Williams C. D., Makambi K. H., Mouton C., Harrell J. P., Cozier Y., …Adams-Campbell L. L., (2007). Racial discrimination and breast cancer incidence in US Black women: The Black women’s health study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 166, 46–54. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm056
    • (2007) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.166 , pp. 46-54
    • Taylor, T.R.1    Williams, C.D.2    Makambi, K.H.3    Mouton, C.4    Harrell, J.P.5    Cozier, Y.6
  • 57
    • 79952987952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gendered racial identity of Black young women
    • Thomas A. J., Hacker J., Hoxha J., (2011). Gendered racial identity of Black young women. Sex Roles, 64, 530–542. doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9939-y
    • (2011) Sex Roles , vol.64 , pp. 530-542
    • Thomas, A.J.1    Hacker, J.2    Hoxha, J.3
  • 58
    • 84871894347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual influences on gendered racial identity development of African American young women
    • Thomas A. J., Hoxha D., Hacker J. D., (2013). Contextual influences on gendered racial identity development of African American young women. Journal of Black Psychology, 39, 88–101. doi:10.1177/0095798412454679
    • (2013) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 88-101
    • Thomas, A.J.1    Hoxha, D.2    Hacker, J.D.3
  • 59
    • 57349120129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gendered racism, psychological distress, and coping styles of African American women
    • Thomas A. J., Witherspoon K. M., Speight S. L., (2008). Gendered racism, psychological distress, and coping styles of African American women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 14, 307–314. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.14.4.307
    • (2008) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 307-314
    • Thomas, A.J.1    Witherspoon, K.M.2    Speight, S.L.3
  • 60
    • 70449701720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A psychometric examination of Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) scores
    • Vandiver B. J., Worrell F. C., Delgado-Romero E. A., (2009). A psychometric examination of Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) scores. Assessment, 16, 337–351.
    • (2009) Assessment , vol.16 , pp. 337-351
    • Vandiver, B.J.1    Worrell, F.C.2    Delgado-Romero, E.A.3
  • 63
    • 85052212879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersectionality theory in the psychology of women
    • Travis C.B., White J.W., Rutherford A., Williams W.S., Cook S.L., Wyche K.F., (eds), Washington, DC, American Psychological Association, (Eds.), (., –
    • Warner L. R., Settles I. H., Shields S. A., (2018). Intersectionality theory in the psychology of women. In Travis C. B., White J. W., Rutherford A., Williams W. S., Cook S. L., Wyche K. F., (Eds.), APA handbooks in psychology series. APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds (pp. 521–539). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/0000059-027
    • (2018) APA handbooks in psychology series. APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds , pp. 521-539
    • Warner, L.R.1    Settles, I.H.2    Shields, S.A.3
  • 64
    • 84990937869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I had to be strong”: Tensions in the strong Black woman schema
    • Watson N. N., Hunter C. D. (2016). “I had to be strong”: Tensions in the strong Black woman schema. Journal of Black Psychology, 42, 424–452. doi:10.1177/0095798415597093
    • (2016) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 424-452
    • Watson, N.N.1    Hunter, C.D.2
  • 65
    • 84961246942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The price of strength: Black college women’s perspectives on the strong Black woman stereotype
    • West L. M., Donovan R. A., Daniel A., (2016). The price of strength: Black college women’s perspectives on the strong Black woman stereotype. Women & Therapy, 39, 390–412. doi:10.1080/02703149.2016.1116871
    • (2016) Women & Therapy , vol.39 , pp. 390-412
    • West, L.M.1    Donovan, R.A.2    Daniel, A.3
  • 66
    • 77954282282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coping with racism: What works and doesn’t work for Black women?
    • West L. M., Donovan R. A., Roemer L., (2010). Coping with racism: What works and doesn’t work for Black women? Journal of Black Psychology, 36, 331–349. doi:10.1177/0095798409353755
    • (2010) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 331-349
    • West, L.M.1    Donovan, R.A.2    Roemer, L.3
  • 67
    • 33747037790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A brief guide to structural equation modeling
    • Weston R., Gore P. A., (2006). A brief guide to structural equation modeling. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 719–751. doi:10.1177/0011000006286345
    • (2006) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.34 , pp. 719-751
    • Weston, R.1    Gore, P.A.2
  • 68
    • 33847710276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites
    • Williams D. R., González H. M., Neighbors H., Nesse R., Abelson J. M., Sweetman J., Jackson J. S., (2007). Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 305–315. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.305
    • (2007) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 305-315
    • Williams, D.R.1    González, H.M.2    Neighbors, H.3    Nesse, R.4    Abelson, J.M.5    Sweetman, J.6    Jackson, J.S.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.